Loluhlelo isakhiwo: Izidingo, izimpawu, design

Ukuqaliswa emisebenzini eminingi yokwakha, kanye ukuqaliswa ubudlelwane zomthetho emkhakheni izindlu nezindawo ukuthengiselana kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemibhalo ekhethekile - izinhlelo kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka. Le mithombo kungaba kokubili esisemthethweni (futhi kuthathwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho), futhi akuhlobene umthetho, kodwa noma ethandwa. Phakathi imithombo ezivamile ukuthi zenziwa kuncike ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho elawula iziqondiso - amapulani okwakha, okukhombisa ulwazi ebhaliswe cadastre isimo. Kuyini ngokucacile zabo? Ngo isakhiwo emelelwa le mibhalo?

Ukudweba amapulani zezakhiwo: isiqondiso normative

Indlela kumele lwentiwe plan isakhiwo, uma ngaphansi isigaba ezinjalo ukuqonda zomthetho, kulawulwa Order Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation # 403, enyatheliswa 01.09.2010 ngonyaka. It is abelethwe yakha idokhumenti ehambisana ne nezidingo simiselwe ukuthuthukiswa yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucezu ebaluleke kakhulu umthetho ngokuya ihogela zentuthuko uMthetho Federal №221-FZ, esamukelwa ngo 24.07.2007 ngonyaka. Kuyo, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi liyini uhlelo isakhiwo, yiluphi ulwazi iqukethe. Cabangela lezi zilinganiso, kanye nalabo umphelelisi kubo # Order 403, kabanzi.

Uyini umnyombo walokho uhlelo wokwakha?

Ngakho, uhlelo isakhiwo, ngokuhambisana uMthetho Federal №221, okuwumqulu ubeka ulwazi oluyisisekelo ukuthi bukhona cadastre isimo, kanye ulwazi mayelana wokwakha udinga ekubeka kwirekhodi. Ngokuya Imininingwane ingase futhi ibonakale ngokuningiliziwe mayelana izingxenye ezithile, futhi abanye, ezidingekayo ukuze ukungena lapho kwakhiwa endaweni yokusungula.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunenqwaba kwemibhalo afanayo, njengemfundiso umklamo wokwakha isakhiwo. Nokho, aphoyintimenti bangakwazi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-umklamo wokwakha akukwazi ngqo okuhlobene amarekhodi cadastral, esihlelwe ngomumo ezingeni project, athuthukiswe.

Futhi, uhlelo, nokubhalwa okuyinto kulawulwa # Order 403, kuba ukukala ulwazi mayelana lezinto siphelile, setha ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa cadastral. Ngokuvamile ngaphansi plan isakhiwo, uma ulandela imithetho esemthethweni komthetho, kwakusho uhlelo lobuchwepheshe. Nakuba Yiqiniso, unofficially kubhekwe ibinzana ukwazi ukubona anhlobonhlobo imibhalo.

Umthombo embuzweni, - the "isikhulu" uhlelo wokwakha kungenziwa iyawakha yezinhlobo ezahlukene lezinto. Kungaba njengoba izakhiwo ehlukile futhi, ikakhulukazi, ihhovisi izakhiwo, emafulethini. Kungaba kokubili izakhiwo ejwayelekile, kanye nalezo akhiwa ngezindlela emisebenzini yokwakha esiyingqayizivele.

Isakhiwo uhlelo wokwakha

idokhumenti Okubukwe siqukethe amabhlogo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• umbhalo;
• ihluzo.

Ngamunye wabo imelelwa izigaba eziningana, uhlu okuyinto kungachazwa njengendlela ngokuqinile ngokomthetho futhi yakha isisekelo uhlobo oluthile imisebenzi cadastral.

Injongo block umbhalo ukubonisa ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe kakhulu mayelana into. It zingalungiswa izimpawu ezihlukahlukene yokwandisa isethulo kolwazi oluthile e idokhumenti. Ebhokisini umbhalo, plan phansi kukhona izigaba ukuthi baziwa:

• ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi eqhubekayo cadastral;
• idatha engumthombo, ulwazi nesilinganiso, ukubala;
• ulwazi indawo isakhiwo kulelilizwe;
• isici esiyinhloko into;
• ulwazi mayelana nalezi noma ezinye izingxenye isakhiwo;
• izici eziyinhloko izakhiwo - uma kuziwa, isibonelo, emabhulokini amafulethi;
• Ekugcineni, unjiniyela phezu cadastre.

Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ihluzo iyunithi. Into esemqoka - zibonisa ngokucacile izakhiwo ethile yalesi sakhiwo, ukukhombisa izakhiwo umthwalo esindayo futhi izakhi zabo ayahambelana isakhiwo. Esikhathini ingcaca ukuvimba uhlelo futhi ukwethula uhlu ezihlokweni eziqondile. Phakathi kwalabo:

• umdwebo ekuboniseni isakhiwo ezakhiwe geodetic;
• into isakhiwo kulelilizwe;
• into uhlaka umdvwebo;
• ipulani yephansi into noma isakhiwo iyonke, okubonisa, uma kunesidingo, izakhiwo ezithile.

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we okukhulunywa ngakho, kumelwe ifake izigaba:

• etjengisa Uhlolojikelele umsebenzi okuqhubekayo ku yokusungula;
• iqukethe idatha kokuqala;
• kufaka phakathi ulwazi mayelana nokulinganisa, ukubala;
• Isakhiwo ehlanganisa umdvwebo.

Ezinye izigaba kufakwe idokhumenti, kuye imininingwane yalolu ethile wokwakha, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo kwenziwe imisebenzi cadastral.

Design we plan wokwakha

Manje ake sicabangele indlela lapho kungenziwa ikhishwe idokhumenti embuzweni. Izidingo ukulungiswa uhlelo lobuchwepheshe ezaziphase isakhiwo, ochazwa ngumthetho, baphethe ngokuthi le dokhumenti zizokwenziwa ukuze ngamunye isakhiwo ngabanye. Esimweni lapho into ethile kwamiswa ngenxa kabusha ezimbalwa, plan Sihlelwe ngomumo ikhophi eyodwa. Kodwa le dokhumenti kumele iboniswe e ebekiwe ngendlela imininingwane zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwe iphrojekthi.

Ukulungiselela we plan: Izidingo jikelele

Manje ake sihlole ngqo nezidingo ukulungiswa plan yomsebenzi wokwakha in umongo imithetho jikelele. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we okukhulunywa ngasondelana up ngesisekelo idatha cadastral mayelana isakhiwo kanye nendawo esikuyo itholakala. Ngenxa yale njongo, le mithombo:

• kukhishwe;
• iphasiphothi cadastral.

Uma isakhiwo ibekwe kumasayithi eziningana, ukusetshenziswa akhiphe ngamunye wabo. (Not kuhlanganise ulwazi indawo yayo phezu kwezwe) Ulwazi mayelana isakhiwo kubonakala uhlelo lobuchwepheshe, esekelwe okuqukethwe okuhlinzekwe u-ikhasimende imisebenzi ku imibhalo yokusungula, into imvume entry noma isitifiketi sokubhaliswa lesi sakhiwo. Amakhophi imibhalo efanele kungenzeka zifakwe esenezelwe ukuze uhlelo zokwakha. Kwezinye izimo ezibekwe ngumthetho yokukhiqiza imithombo yedatha liyadingeka. Uma kunjalo, ulwazi mayelana into bese kufakwe uhlelo lwesakhiwo yokuhlala ngesisekelo lesi simemezelo, okuye zilungiselelwe ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko ezithile babeka phansi komthetho. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we efanele ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuba yingxenye isicelo kohlelo.

Uma kulungiselelwa idokhumenti umbuzo ukubandakanya kweminye imithombo, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto bunikezwa umthetho federal, amakhophi kumelwe futhi zifakwe isakhiwo isicelo.

Indlela yokumiswa kohlelo isakhiwo

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we okukhulunywa ngakho, ngeke uzilungiselele elektroniki ngesakhiwo se-XML. Kulokhu, kufanele iqinisekiswe i-digital isignesha unjiniyela cadastre. Leli fayela kumelwe kuvumelane nezimfuneko isungulwe ifomethi efanelekile ulwazi kubonakala kulo, khona-ingafundwa futsi abhekwe ngalokufanele.

uhlelo Digital isakhiwo kumele zimiswe izifanekiso esisuselwe ku-XML, okuyinto abamukelekayo Federal Office of cadastre futhi alayishwe kwisayithi. Uma umthetho elawula ukusetshenziswa amafayela elihambisana washintsha, Federal Service cadastre ukuba yenze izinguquko ukuze ihlangabezane idatha ye-XML-izifanekiso.

Electronic Engineer isignesha kufanele iqinisekiswe futhi athobele babeka phansi komthetho Russian futhi elawula mbhalo electronic.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isicelo, okuyinto umphelelisi uhlelo wokwakha kungenziwa zisephepheni. Ukuze anezele kubo idokhumenti imibuto, kufanele siyothatha isikeni PDF futhi libuye ngemvume usebenzisa izimpahla zabo unjiniyela cadastre. Loluhlelo isitezi saleso sakhiwo noma enye ingxenye yawo ukuthi siyothatha isikeni ngefomethi ye-JPEG.

Isakhiwo isicelo kungase kuhlanganise neminye imibhalo electronic, uma kuhlinzekelwe emthethweni we Russian Federation. Kwezinye izimo (isibonelo, ngenxa yokubakhona izimo ezifanele esivumelwaneni inkontileka), amapulani okwakha uzilungiselele ephepheni. Le mithombo eliqinisekiswe yi-isignesha futhi uphawu cadastre unjiniyela. Kodwa-ke ukuba iyawakha kanye uhlelo digital isakhiwo - kulesi simo, it is kulekelelwa iphepha.

Ukwenza uhlelo umbhalo isakhi

Manje ukufunda indlela lapho umthetho we Russian Federation usungula izidingo zokubhalisa block umbhalo idokhumenti.

Ngo kokucubungula uhlelo wokwakha elotshiwe ngokuyinhloko izinhlobo umsebenzi owawenziwa yilesi cadastre. Ngenxa yale njongo, umbhalo anokuhambisana, okungase kuthinte imininingwane efana:

• ikheli isakhiwo yezingxenye zayo;
• indlela tekwakha izinto;
• izici isakhiwo;
• izinombolo cadastral lezinto;
• inani izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye okungezona zokuhlala e isakhiwo isakhiwo.

Uhlobo esilandelayo idatha, ebhaliwe umbhalo uhlelo - ulwazi mayelana ikhasimende bafeza umsebenzi cadastre. Kukhona okungenzeka ukuthi ishiwo:

• Igama eliphelele, imininingwane iphasipoti, ikheli ikhasimende - uma kuyisifo esithinta abantu yemvelo;
• igama, BIN, TIN, ikheli - uma umlingani has isimo esemthethweni.

Uhlelo isakhi olucutshungulwayo futhi kumele iboniswe:

• usuku ukulungiswa version yokugcina idokhumenti wobunjiniyela;
• ulwazi mayelana umuntu ezilandelwayo idokhumenti olukhombisa igama lakhe eligcwele, inombolo iphasipoti, ubufakazi neziqu, yocingo, ikheli noma noma izixhumanisi umqashi wakhe, uma unjiniyela lucwaningo umsebenzi walo imisebenzi isimo umsebenzi.

Uhlobo esilandelayo ulwazi okuyinto uboniswa ibhokisi lombhalo we plan isakhiwo, - imininingwane imibhalo, ezisetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni umthombo kubhekwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ezifana project imibhalo, amalayisense amadokhumenti, isitifiketi zokubhalisa, ulwazi kusuka yokusungula. Uma abathintekayo izinto cartographic ukuthi benzelwe ebhokisini lombhalo:

• igama ikhadi;
• amapulani okwakha esikalini, kubonakala emsebenzini cartographic;
• usuku indalo kanye nokubuyekeza amabalazwe.

Enye isethi ebalulekile idatha ku block umbhalo idokhumenti - yibo zibonisa izici oluyingqophamlando geodesic noma kumanethiwekhi babehileleke ukusebenza umsebenzi yokusungula. Kulokhu, udinga ukulungisa:

• Ukudidiyela uhlelo;
• igama lento, kanye ngemvume esigabeni eyabonisa inethiwekhi geodetic;
• ekilasini, libhekene inethiwekhi efanele;
• izixhumanisi amaphuzu;
• imininingwane ekhombisa isimo into ukumaka isikhungo yayo, kanye nophawu.

Ebhokisini umbhalo, idokhumenti kuyadingeka ukuze silungise ukunakwa labo amathuluzi yokulinganisa eyayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi umsebenzi. Ikakhulukazi, kungaba:

• Ngaphakathi the gama of insimbi ethile noma ithuluzi;
• Ukulinganisa Izinsiza kusebenza Igumbi;
• ulwazi mayelana idivayisi noma insimbi Samandla.

Kuyasiza cabanga eziningi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ethize agcwele ibhokisi lombhalo ithuluzi ezifana isikimu isakhiwo. Ngakho, silalela izici reflection kulo ulwazi uhlaka into. Yiziphi imininingwane yale nqubo?

Contour lesi sakhiwo ngokuya: ezicashile

I nentaba lesi sakhiwo - umugqa avaliwe kwakhiwa ngokudweba ibhoda engaphandle okuyinto, yakha izakhiwo ebhanoyini ovundlile. I nentaba oluhambisana umugqa avaliwe ezisabalele ezingeni lapho isakhiwo eduze kwamanzi. Lokhu akufanele zifakwe:

• lwaleli noma amavesi;
• izakhi ezihlukahlukene projecting, kokuba ukushuba hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 0.5 m kanye ububanzi esingeqile 1 m.

Uma isakhiwo ibekwe phezu kwezingodo, kwakhiwa uhlaka yayo yi-Iwumbono imingcele yangaphandle yayo. Indlela eyodwa noma nezinye eziveza ukwesekwa ngesimo yinqwaba, kulesi simo akunandaba.

Umbhalo kufanele kubonise indlela lapho izixhumanisi ukunquma nentaba of isakhiwo noma izingxenye zayo. Kungaba:

• geodesic;
• esekelwe izilinganiso satellite;
• photogrammetry;
• Ubukhulu ku landscape amabalazwe;
• kohlaziyo.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama athile libhekene ukulungiswa wokwakha uhlelo, iqalwa ngenxa yalezi zinguquko kule iqoqo efanele kwakhiwa.

Ulungiselela uhlelo izinguquko yokusungula

Uma idokhumenti embuzweni ngaphambilini ngenxa izinguquko idatha ezilotshwe amarejista cadastral emavesini alo ibhokisi kumele zigxile amagugu entsha izici into okumele wethulwe yokusungula.

Kulokhu, idokhumenti ayohlanganisa ulwazi inombolo cadastral into. ukwelashwa kuhlongozwe kungaba kwenziwe futhi esimweni uma lokhu kudingekile ukulungisa iphutha ezitholakele umhlaba ukurekhoda. Kwezinye izimo, njengoba ngaphambilini fixed inombolo enikezwe ku into ezincwadini isimo.

Izimpawu emagcekeni ngokuya isakhiwo

Block umbhalo idokhumenti kungafaka phakathi izici Ngcono ekhona isakhiwo isakhiwo - isibonelo, uma kuyindodana, indlu multi-umndeni. Kukhona kungase kubonakale:

• izinombolo cadastral lezinto;
• inani izibuya lapho zitholakala ezakhiweni;
• Into amakheli;
• ukuqokwa kwe-Igumbi, ngezinhlobo zawo,
• indawo into.

Kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ucacise kuphela cadastral inombolo izakhiwo - ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa lwati ngalokufanele ngokufaka mayelana efulethini ezincwadini isimo.

Isiphetho unjiniyela cadastre ngokuya isakhiwo

Ebalulekile iyunithi umbhalo idokhumenti embuzweni, - kube isiphelo sesimiso unjiniyela ekwenzeni imisebenzi cadastral. It kungathinta ezahlukene zolwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, labo izinto ezibonisa ukuthi sikhathalela amaphutha enziwa ngesikhathi okuqoshiwe isakhiwo ku cadastre, izibalo asilungile indawo into, endaweni yayo (uma uhlelo lokuthuthukisa ochwepheshe abanekhono engakaze iphenyisiswe). Kulokhu, kube isiphelo sesimiso unjiniyela kungaba ziboniswe isidingo msebenzi owengeziwe okuhloswe ngalo ukubhekana amaphutha siyachazwa.

uhlelo Graphic iyunithi phansi

Ngakusasa block ukhiye esakha isakhiwo plan embuzweni, - umfanekiso. It okudingekayo ukuze sibonakalise ngokucacile letigaba letibalulekile teluhlelo isakhiwo - ubunjiniyela kwesakhiwo, emabhulohweni eseduze amasayithi ukwakhiwa.

Ingxenye sokuqhafaza uhlelo senziwa okusekelwe idatha eziqukethwe irejista umhlaba akhiphe bezwe lapho isakhiwo itholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho nje umklamo walo zingasebenzisa yangokwesiko ngezinto ezahlukene, okukuvumela ukucacisa indawo into. Isikhombimsebenzisi block uhlelo kubhekwe ingase ihlanganise izimpawu ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto uhlu kunqunywa ngokuvumelana izicelo ngabanye oda №403.

Kuyasiza cabangela futhi ukuthi uhlelo likhona into eziningi ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile, okungukuthi - icebo ezakhiwe geodetic nemigwalo.

Isikimu ezakhiwe geodetic

Le ngxenye we plan wokwakha iyawakha ngesisekelo izilinganiso izinto ezibonisa ulwazi oluhlobene geodetic umsebenzi okuqhubekayo ku yokusungula.

Isikimu okukhulunywa, kubalulekile ukuze sibonise indawo isakhiwo maqondana:

• ingxenye lapho into efanayo, kanye nezinye izakhiwo;
• ikota cadastral.

Lokhu isifunda sihlanganisa iSifundazwe ingxenye umngcele noma izingxenye zalo, isifunda into maqondana nalapho umsebenzi yokusungula, kanye nezimpawu ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angase futhi ahlanganise namanye wabuka yezindlu, okuyinto zitholakala kule ndawo, lapho yakhiwe isakhiwo main, ukuze zibonise idatha ku indawo ezitaladini, imigwaqo kanye nezinye izinto, okwenza umqondo ukukufaka idokhumenti efanele.

Amacebo isakhiwo

Amacebo njengengxenye Lomculu kufanele yetfulwe isikali okuvumela empeleni cabanga uhlelo nge izilinganiso isakhiwo, okungukuthi okwanele ukuqinisekisa readability indawo amaphuzu ayinhloko ukunquma nentaba into. Kungenzeka ukulungisa indawo ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo wesifunda esebenzisa callouts ahlukahlukene noma ozimele ezilotshwe ku amashidi ngabanye kufakwe isakhiwo umdvwebo.

Ezimweni ezibekwe ngumthetho kungase idokhumenti umbuzo kulekelelwa ngeminye imithombo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungaba izinhlelo phansi - iphelele noma iyiphi ingxenye yayo. Kulokhu, imithombo efanele ingalungiswa lokuqala, kucatshangelwa izidingo kubhekwe yithi - naleyo evunywe # Order 403, kanti eyesibili - ngesisekelo neziqondiso yamukelwa iziphathimandla abanekhono e ukulawulwa wezokuxhumana endaweni ubudlelwane cadastral.