Mahhala Umphakathi Economic: Izinjongo kanye nekusungulwa

Ngo-1765, i-Isinqumo Imperial wakhe soMkhulu uCatherine II inhlangano endala zomphakathi kwamiswa - eFree Economic Society. Kwaba ezimele kusukela Uhulumeni, ngakho ubizwa ngokuthi yi-Free. Isimo namalungelo izinhlangano ezikhethekile ukuqinisekisa ngamunye owalandela uCatherine II at ukubusa kwakhe okwakufanele abe inkosi. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kaningi eFree Economic Society wathola tibalo eside e-Treasury ukuze lelisu imibono yabo.

Inhloso yalo Mahhala Economic Society

Ngesikhathi umthombo kumiswa inhlangano kwaba iqembu yizikhonzi, emelela izithakazelo abakhulu ovulekile nezazi walibangisa M. V Lomonosovym. Ngaleso sikhathi, laba bantu ukubeka phambili umqondo wamavukelambuso kakhulu:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho yemali.
2. Ukwanda ukukhiqizwa yezimboni.
3. Ukuqedwa serfdom.

Nokho, Elizaveta Petrovna, ngakwesokudla bese, akazange sibasekele. Kuphela uCatherine II avunyelwe ukuqala kokusebenza yephrojekthi futhi wakhuthaza kakhulu kuye. Mahhala Economic Society obala wamemezela igunya loenzintshisekelo isimo, okuyinto kumele ithuthukiswe, esekelwe kahle umsebenti wetemnotfo.

Ukuqalisa

Futhi emuva ngo-1765, kuye ekugcineni esemukelwe yilezo zizwe le senhlangano. Ukusungulwa kwe Free Economic Society nomthelela ikhambi lezinkinga ezifana "embroadening inhlalakahle kazwelonke esimweni ngokuletha ukuphathwa esimweni esihle." Isinyathelo sokuqala kwakuwukunqoba imihlangano umncintiswano phakathi ochwepheshe 160 abavela ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene. Isihloko esikhulu kwaba ukusatshalaliswa abanikazi umhlaba, ukuletha inzuzo egcwele izwe lawo.

impumelelo Main IVEO ukuba Empire

Ukudalwa Mahhala Economic Society kwakubaluleke kakhulu isimo. Hlangana nokuzuza lenhlangano njengoba uhlanga lwamakhosi ebusayo, futhi phambi kwabantu yezwe Kumele kuqashelwe:

1. Kuyaqala ukuqedwa serfdom.
2. Universal imfundo yamabanga aphansi.
3. Ukuqalisa amakomiti kwezibalo.
4. Ukubeka ushizi imboni kuqala.
5. Ukusabalalisa kanye nokugqugquzela kwezinhlobo ezintsha nezinhlobonhlobo izitshalo ezahlukene (isib, amazambane, njll).

Publishing nemisebenzi zemfundo

Imisebenzi yakhe phezu ukwanda kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, okwandisa amandla kwezezimboni isimo, futhi eziningi nezinye izihloko namalungu enhlangano kufanele adlulisele uquqaba ebanzi kunokwenzeka sabantu. Mahhala Economic Society of Russia wanika off kokubili zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele kanye nakomagazini. inhlangano Library sakhiwe izincwadi cishe amabili likhulu lamawaka, anamanci eqoqweni yezinhlobo zemstvo Babengaphezu kwamashumi amane amawaka amakhophi amaphepha nezincwadi. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene amalungu eNkampani zihlanganisa ongqondongqondo ezinjalo ezinkulu Empire Russian njengoba UMA Kruzenshtern, A. M. Butlerov, GR Derzhavin, DI Mendeleev, NV Vereshchagin, uPyotr Semyonov-Tyan -Shansky V. Dokuchaev, A. futhi L. Euler, A. S. Stroganov, V. G. Korolenko, L. N. UTolstoy, A. A. Nartov, AN Senyavin nabanye abaningi.

Iqhaza ukuzivikela yezwe

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ophoqelelwe wokunxusa bonke okwakusendlini Empire Russian. Ungahlali eceleni kanye Mahhala Economic Society. Ngo oyiyo eMoscow kwase kunesiqiniseko uphiko oluyisipesheli izidingo amabutho - Voentorg. umsebenzi walo kwaba ukuqinisekisa amasosha abahileleke ngokuqondile empini, ezihlukahlukene izimpahla ngamanani encishisiwe.

Ukuwa futhi imvuselelo

Umsebenzi izakhiwo IEVO lwabhidlika Phansi IMpi YeZwe kanye linemibhikisho okwalandela. Futhi emva izenzakalo 1917. Russia zezomnotho inhlangano abasekho. Mina ubuyise umsebenzi kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eminingi. Esikhathini yoma kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukubuyiselwa inhlangano yomphakathi zezomnotho ehola. Ngalesi sikhathi, waphinda kwakunesidingo yokuthuthukisa ezomnotho isimo. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho osomnotho baye bahlela inhlangano yabo - NEO. Umphakathi elalisanda kumiswa ukuhlonipha umsebenzi ezweni lonke. Kakade in the Eighties sekwephuzile kwaba ukuguqulwa NEO. Wabe usubizwa ngokuthi "Zonke-Union Economic Community."

imisebenzi Modern veo

Esikhathini nineties zakuqala kwakukhona isenzakalo esibalulekile. Inhlangano zezomnotho Russian waphinda ngasibuyisela igama yayo yangaphambili zomlando. Manje-ke waziwa ngokuthi Mahhala Economic Society of Russia. A umnikelo omkhulu ngomsebenzi wokwakha lenhlangano wenza UProfesa Popov. Namuhla veo usebenza kuzo zonke izifunda Russian. Izinkulungwane ososayensi nochwepheshe ezahlukene ukusebenza kule nhlangano. Veo ihlose ukusebenzisa isipiliyoni zomlando ukudlala indima enkulu ekuqondeni izinkinga ezibhekene emnothweni wezwe kazwelonke. Inhlangano okuhloswe ukuthi siphakamise ibhizinisi Russian. Leli butho elikhulu osomnotho, abaphathi kumele uthole indlela entsha ukuxazulula ngokucindezelwa izinkinga zomnotho kuleli zwe.

ucwaningo

Inhlangano izibandakanye ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zocwaningo. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo:

1. "ERussia kanye xxi leminyaka."
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi zabesifazane.
3. Isifundo izinkinga ezihlobene eziphathelane kazwelonke kanye nezomnotho.
4. Izinhlelo ezihlobene ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amancane amabhizinisi naphakathi.

Okwengeziwe Modern veo

ERussia, inhlangano futhi waqala ukuveza "imisebenzi yesayensi". Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala ukusebenza 4 amavolumu zishicilelwe ukuthi abazinikele izinkinga ophuthuma kunayo kumnotho wasekhaya. Izihloko "ngokwesayensi" kunyatheliswa kakhulu zezomnotho abadumile yeRussia. Veo wakhipha:

1. izincwadi Analytical futhi ulwazi.
2. "I Newsletter yeRussia."
3. Nyanga zonke "emlandweni Zakudala isipiliyoni ukuphathwa."

imvuselelo yamathanga

isiko ubambe imincintiswano kazwelonke ahlukahlukene libuyiselwe ngosizo eyingqabavu umsebenzi veo. Yedolobha YaseMoscow Uhulumeni kanye Mahhala Economic Society 90 sekwephuzile labetibambile yamathanga, okuyinto belithanyelwe ososayensi abasha, abafundi abaningi futhi abafundi. izindikimba ezimbili, kwaxoxwa: "Russia nokuqala ngekhulu xxi" futhi "eMoscow - ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa komnotho." Ukuba yilungu International Union, lapho munye abasebenzi komkhakha sezomnotho siyini, veo Umsebenzi ka ngcono ukuhlanganiswa wezwe izibopho ohlelweni olukhona.

ukuthuthukiswa Heo

Phakathi imisebenzi eminingi ikakhulukazi eziningana:

1. Ukuqashelwa umsebenzi, abangasebenzi.
2. Investment, ezezimali kanye nokwenzeka ukutshalwa kwezimali.
3. Esinye ngcono izinhlelo zamabhange.
4. ICaspian Sea: inkinga, kukhethwa isiqondiso futhi igunya izinqumo.
5. Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo.
6. Kwenyusa kukhuliswa kwemnotfo.

Zonke ezihlongozwayo usebenza veo asekelana ihamba emazwini uMongameli kanye noHulumeni.