Slutsk ibhande - a gugu lesizwe waseBelarus. Museum of Slutsk amabhande

Slutsk ibhande (ngakwesokunxele) - a gugu lesizwe Belarusians, uphawu zomlando brand yezwe, kanye isibonelo art osetshenziswayo kwekhulu XVIII. Nokho, Belarus lanamuhla kubo zimbalwa kakhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni eminingana e Minsk, National Art Museum embukisweni yibhande eRussia, Ukraine naseLithuania. Ngakho, ake ukhumbule ukuthi lokhu art sidalwe futhi lokho elinde ukudalelwa.

ososayensi iphutha

Umlando Slutsk amabhande has kwaqala ekhulwini XVI, e-Commonwealth. Kwakuwusuku ke izazi baba isizathu kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo. Izazi-mlando baye basikisela ukuthi isigaba gentry lisuselwa lasendulo asemaqeleni abantu, okuyinto emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke amaRoma namaGreki eyaziwa - the Sarmatians. Ukuthi lokhu nokucabanga iyona Umfutho ukuthuthukiswa kwekhulu XVII imibono yokungabi nandaba entsha - Sarmatian. Aristocrats uthande lokhu isitatimende, baqala bazibheke inzalo yabantu asemaqeleni, futhi abantu abavamile - zivela lwamaSlav futhi Balts.

Kusukela Sarmatians babe abantu ezivela eMpumalanga, kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi gentry baqala ukusebenzisa usilika amabhande, okuyinto zisuka naseTurkey ekhulwini XVIII. izikhathi ezinjalo ezibhekwa iwuphawu kwezomnotho namandla womnikazi wayo, kanye ebalulekile kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Sarmatian" amasudi. Ngakho, izazi-mlando ke umkhohlisi okubangelwa ukuvela lo mkhuba Slutsk amabhande.

Qala zokukhiqiza

Ekhulwini XVIII e izikhulu ka Rzeczpospolita zaba ngu-15% yesizwe sonkana. Ngakho-ke, ukufunwa Turkish kasilika ibhande lalilikhulu ngokwanele. Futhi, njengoba besho, funa kudala supply.

Khona-ke hetman Grand Duchy of Lithuania Mikhail Kazimir Radziwill asungula umqondo ukukhiqizwa izindwangu for isampuli Turkish emazweni Belarusian. Ngo-1757, ama-oda wakhe kusukela Turkey sathathwa ngasese uhlaka lokweluka indwangu. Nokho, kwaba kuphela kuyigxathu. Kusadingeka okuyinhloko abase bekwazi ukubhekana ubuchwepheshe wazi amasiko Turkish. Futhi enjalo itholakala. Hovhannes Madzharyants - inkosi Istanbul, ngaleso sikhathi ayehlala Stanislav. Abantu babembiza ngokuthi u-Ian Madzharskim. Ngakho-Commonwealth babe kuqala Slutsk amabhande. Factory (womshini) ekuqaleni elise Nesvizh, kodwa kamuva (e 1762) ke washukumiseleka ukuba Slutsk. Kube wasebenza lonke isikhathi. Ngakho, lunikeza igama lomkhiqizo.

Phezulu amakhono

Ekuqaleni Slutsk manufactory wasebenza kuphela inkosi Istanbul. Kodwa kamuva kahle ubuchwepheshe kanye Abeluki zendawo imihlobiso zaseMpumalanga kanye amaphetheni phezu amabhande kwathathelwa indawo Motifs wendawo.

Wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu (kusukela 1781) ifektri eyisakhamuzi kwaba Leon Madzharsky - indodana amakhosi Turkish, owaqala ukunyathelisa ngo Belarus. Njengoba liqhubeka ibhizinisi likayise, kanye impumelelo okusezingeni eliphezulu nokufeza kulo mkhakha, yena yanikezelwa indondo state, wathola isihloko yabathenwa futhi Gentry isihloko.

Ikhono Abeluki wendawo wakhula ngokukhulu ukushesha. Ngakho, izinga eliphezulu ukukhiqizwa sekuyinkinga ngendlela ezimbili chetyrehlitsevoy Slutsk amabhande. into enjalo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu:-ke wagqoka iholide nokulila. Ngokwenkambiso Turkish, amadoda kuphela wayesengaba okuyinhloko. Ngokusho ezinganekwaneni, uma isandla sowesifazane uthinte noma isiliva izindikimba, basuke sifiphalisiwe. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane babengavunyelwe ngisho eduze uhlaka lokweluka indwangu. Ukuze niphumelele inqubo zokukhiqiza, amadoda zaziyiminyaka engamakhulu ayisikhombisa ukuqeqeshwa. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi icala labo kuphela aluka. Zonke amaphethini nemihlobiso yasungulwa abaculi ngabanye.

abalingisi

Ibhande isibe into ebalulekile ikhabethe kwanoma iyiphi wohlanga olukhulu self-ukuhlonipha. Slutskaya imikhiqizo manufactory bajabulela impumelelo nekushaywa ngokushesha yaxoshwa emakethe izimbangi zabo empumalanga. inzuzo yebhizinisi utshelwa emazweni angomakhelwane ukuba angasiphindi lesi impumelelo.

Ngakho, Rzeczpospolita King Stanislaw Agasti Poniatowski yanquma ukuvula isigayo ukwelukwa emzini Grodno. Futhi ngabuza Radzivilov izingcweti owayenganikela usethe ukukhiqizwa. Nokho, sinqatshiwe. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ifektri wavula ngo Grodno. Slutsk amabhande waqala ukukopisha yonke indawo: kusukela Warsaw ziphethe edolobheni French Lyon.

Ukuze silwe izimpahla zomgunyathi ku Radzivilov yayiqala kwilebula imikhiqizo yabo. Ngakho, ibhande ngamunye eyayibekwe Slutskj ithegi-ilebula elikhombisa indawo ukukhiqizwa: «Me fecit Sluciae» noma «Sluck». Lapho amazwe Belarusian beniyingxenye Empire Russian - "Bb emzini Slutsk".

kwelanga ifektri

Kodwa futhi womshini Slutskaya wawela phezu izikhathi ezimbi. Esesithathu kwesigaba-Commonwealth e 1795 kwaba ukuqala imashi okunqobayo kwezindaba fashion French. Ububanzi Slutsk amabhande wancipha. Ekuqaleni base nje bazifihla kuma amabhokisi, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ngokuphelele ngokunikela esontweni futhi amasonto. Ezinye bangabathakathi bashiswa baze bathole izinto zensimbi eziyigugu. Omunye Slutsk amabhande aqukethe kuze kube eziyikhulu amagremu isiliva negolide.

1831 kwaba yisikhathi soshintsho emlandweni we manufactory. Ngemva kokuba ukuvukela, le iziphathimandla zaseRussia ziye zathi ngokuphelele begqoke izingubo gentry, futhi kungakho ibhande. Ngo-1848, le mboni uvaliwe Slutsk.

Zezindleko per unit

mlando Belarusian Adamu Maldis Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi ukhona Slutskaya ifektri ekhiqizwa esishintshashintshayo mayelana 5000. Ngamunye wabo esiyingqayizivele. Ngemva kokuphela ibhande XIX leminyaka elahlekile isicelo salo esisebenzayo banayo ukubaluleka kwezobuciko. Futhi iminyuziyamu, futhi abaqoqi yangasese waqala ukuqongelela kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, lo odumile futhi kuphumelele Russian yomthengisi Schukin ecela emashumini amabili ukuba abazingela kubo abathengisayo nabathengayo Vilna futhi Warsaw Antiquaries. iqoqo yaKhe washiyela State Historical Museum. Futhi, ngokusho kongoti, liphethe izingcezwana 60 futhi 80 zone lonke.

Kukhona ubufakazi obungokomlando obubonisa ukuthi ngo-1939 Nesvizh Castle Radzivilov igcinwe ibhande 32, ezingu-16 zazo babe Slutskaya. Iqoqo wayiswa State kwebuciko we BSSR. Nokho, phakathi kweJalimane, yena seliphelile.

Kuze kube manje, 11 vó esishintshashintshayo ezweni lonke, zazo 5 - Slutsk, nabanye - amakhophi ezenziwe phesheya. Ngokuvamile, inani eliqondile lezi imisebenzi yobuciko endaweni Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania nakwamanye amazwe, kuba cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Namuhla, e Slutsk

Kusukela 2012 e Belarus egameni uMongameli amahlelo wombuso, ogama elizimisele ngivuselele amasiko amasu ukukhiqizwa Slutsk amabhande.

Esizeni elidala manufactory losendzaweni ebiyelwe rue "Slutsk amabhande". Le nkampani kwamiswa ngo-1930 njengoba wokubambisana, ekuhlanganiseni embroiderers, Abeluki, wasebenza abathengisa bendabuko nilidle emakhono langiwo futhi ubungoti. Ngo-2011, inkampani yayigubha iminyaka engu 75th. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ekhiqizwa efektri - lokhu bedspreads, amathawula, napkins, onodoli kanye eziyisikhumbuzo. Konke kwenziwa ngesandla ku kusondela ekhethekile - "Krosno".

Kusukela 2012 Slutsk baqala ukunyathelisa amakhophi Slutsk amabhande, kanye eziyisikhumbuzo ahlukahlukene ngezisusa zabo (izesekeli izincwadi, okhiye, amafoni, ubuciko panel, nokunye. D.). Iminyaka eminingi zitadisha izimfihlo Abeluki nezici bokubeka obukhulu kwekhulu XVIII neze yize - inkampani ukusungulwa ubuchwepheshe esiyingqayizivele eside ukhohliwe. Ngakho, lokuqala Slutsk amabhande (isithombe) - ikhophi esiphelele wobuciko zomlando - wethulwa uMongameli WeRiphabhulikhi Belarus. Namuhla ihlobisa Independence Palace.

Imikhiqizo "Slutsk amabhande" athandwa kakhulu namuhla. Lapha ungakwazi ukuthenga zokudla kuhlanzekile yini enhle, amathawula Belarusian, napkins nokuningi. Futhi akusiwona izinto nje, kodwa umsebenzi wangempela yobuciko.

Museum of Slutsk amabhande

Le nkampani iqasha Museum esiyingqayizivele. Uma ulapho ungabona amakhophi cezu yobuciko, izinguqulo zesimanje, futhi ubone ukuthi zenziwe.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yezindaba zemihla Slutsk amabhande kuhlanganisa amakamelo amaningana. Eyokuqala zone - "Izinhla komlando." Lapha ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi ukushintsha ukubukeka Slutsk amabhande ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, izizwe ezihlukahlukene.

Zone "Slutsk ibhande" Oziqhayisayo wangempela yobuciko kwekhulu XVIII, futhi kuye kwanyatheliswa amakhophi ayo cezu. Futhi uMnyango "Ukwakha" itholakala kusukela isimo ukukhiqizwa kwekhulu XVIII.

Hall "Isigodlo LukaMuratori Radzivilov" - is recreated ucezu Nesvizh Castle yesikhathi. Ngemva Radziwill babe abameleli yezinto ezicebile, enethonya kunazo, futhi ukuzalwa Polish-Lithuanian zasebukhosini. castle wabo waba ngokunethezeka elinempahla yasendlini, ehlotshiswe imidwebo ngabaculi ezidumile futhi wambozwa mata WasePheresiya. Ngokuphambene emakamelweni etusekayo "People sika Zone" ungabona futhi kwaba kanjani ukuphila kwabantu abavamile.

Museum kuyinto umshini esiyingqayizivele, yakhelwe inkampani German Mageba, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuvuselelwa Slutsk amabhande. It ilawulwa ama-computers amabili, iqukethe shuttles 6 futhi 1,200 izindikimba. Analogue walo mshini emhlabeni lapho.

intengo udaba

Namuhla ku imishini ehlukile ukusungulwa Slutsk amabhande. Kungakanani kukhona yobuciko ezifana? Ngokusho ehamba phambili ezimbonini umculi, amakhophi Slutsk amabhande izobiza amakhasimende phakathi ruble 10 no-50 million. Kuyinto kusuka 1000 kuya 5000 US dollars.

Hhayi ezishibhile, uma singakubeka kanjalo. Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe lokhu izindleko? Ngisho nanamuhla, nge ubuchwepheshe besimanje, kungcono umsebenzi omkhulu. Ukudalwa zone kuthatha amahora angaba ngu-60! Inqubo isebenzisa imicu mncane kakhulu kasilika, equkethe zegolide nezesiliva. Futhi uma ukwandisa ijubane ukukhiqizwa bangagqashula. Intengo yokugcina yakhiwa, kuye ngobude ibhande, kanye nenani izinsimbi eziyigugu esetshenziselwa evumelanisa yayo.