Mark Shagal: A Biography. Mark Shagal: lokusungula

Ubani kwakufanele kube omunye izingane eziyisishiyagalombili ozalwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, edolobhaneni elincane eduze Vitebsk emndenini umJuda abampofu - mthengisi inhlanzi? Mhlawumbe usaziwayo emhlabeni. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Futhi uma noma ubani eye hhayi ukuyichaza, ngikhuluma ngani, uyazi - kungcono umdwebi odumile Mark Shagal. Umlando Omfushane esengumntwana, yebo, ayinazo ndawana esizayo anezinkanyezi. Noma kunjalo, igama lo muntu namuhla zithandwa kakhulu.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala

Ngiseyingane, Chagall waqala ukutadisha esikoleni samaJuda aphansi, bese bangena esimeni lapho izifundo sezenziwe ngesiRashiya. Ngemva kokwazi kahle izinto eziyisisekelo imfundo esikoleni, kuze kube kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kusukela ngo-1907 kuya ku-1910, wakwazi ukufunda ubuciko kancane Petersburg. Umsebenzi ngokuphawulekayo enkathini yokuqala umsebenzi wakhe wenziwe Umdwebo "Ukufa," okuyinto ubonisa violin (impela njalo ezilokhu zivela image for umculi phambi kwethu) ngokumelene izenzakalo nightmarish enkundleni.

Ngaleso sikhathi amaphuphu Mark Shagal kuhanjiswe ku Paris, studio phezu emaphethelweni omuzi yaseBohemia, endaweni edume ngokuthi La Ruche. Elapho, watholana abalobi eziningana owaziwa futhi abaculi, kuhlanganise Guillaume Apollinaire, Roberta Delone, nabanye. Le nkampani nokucwaninga wamukelekile, Chagall futhi ngokushesha yaqala ukuba nesimo Amathrendi asankondlo ezintsha, kuthonywa Impressionists futhi Post-Impressionists.

Ukubuya emizini yabo

Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye kuphela nje ungakaqali yomlando wakhe wokudala. Mark Shagal walithanda Paris phakade. Umdwebi ngokuthi Vitebsk yakhe yesibili. Inhlokodolobha French laliyisikhungo art emhlabeni, futhi lapho uphawu kungalindelekile yavelela. Lokho Parizh Mark Zaharovich kubhekwe mthombo. Futhi nakhu cishe wamemezela omunye wabasunguli kwalesi uhlobo imidwebo, njengoba surrealism. Kodwa lapho isihambile.

Ngemva Berlin embukisweni by Mark Z. wabuyela Vitebsk, Nokho, lapho, Akahlosile uhlale isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze ashade Bella wakhe nengoduso. Kodwa wabambeka ngenxa kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, njengoba imingcele Russian zavalwa isikhathi esingenasiphelo.

Kodwa esikhundleni yithemba, Mark Shagal baqhubeka ukudala. Bella eshada ngo-1915, yena wadala yobuciko ezifana "Usuku lokuzalwa" futhi ukudlala ngendwangu Acrobatic onesihloko esithi "Portrait Double nge ingilazi yewayini." Zonke imisebenzi kulesi sikhathi ukukhonza njengoba isimo ofakazi kwenjabulo umculi phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe ukushada.

isikhathi Revolutionary empilweni umdwebi sika

AmaJuda ayenesizathu esizwakalayo nawo sokumthanda inguquko. Ngemva kokuba abhubhisa Esikhunjeni Esiphaphathekile futhi wanikeza ithuba amalungu amaningi kuleli qembu yobuhlanga babe nokhomishana. Isiphi isimo sengqondo inguquko Mark Z.? Futhi hlobo luni ulwazi mayelana nalesi sikhathi kuhlanganisa yomlando wakhe? Mark Shagal, futhi, wazama uthande inguquko. Edolobheni lakubo Vitebsk ngo-1918, waze waba uKhomishana Isiko futhi kamuva elamiswa iqondiswe-Art School, okuyinto iyaduma kakhulu.

Mark Z. kanye abafundi ehlotshisiwe edolobheni umkhosi wokugubha lokuqala Okthoba Revolution. Izikhulu azibanelisanga umklamo womcimbi, njengoba umculi ngokwakhe. Futhi lapho abamele lo hulumeni omusha waqala ukubuza master kungani izinkomo zakhe kuluhlaza, kanye namahhashi fly ngokusebenzisa esibhakabhakeni, futhi okubaluleke - ukuthi Shagalova izinhlamvu enibaziyo izimiso ezinkulu futhi izinguquko Karlom Marksom, Revolution Craze egqwalile ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi ngoba amaBolshevik kusungulwa Esikhunjeni Esiphaphathekile entsha Settlement, hhayi kuphela ngoba amaJuda.

Ukuhambisa enhloko-dolobha isinqumo ukushiya Russia

Yini ngaba wahlanganyela Shagal Mark Zaharovich? Umlando wakhe namanje kuboshelwe eRussia, futhi manje wathuthela eMoscow, lapho waqala ukufundisa umdwebo intandane revolution koloni zezingane. Lawa kwakungamadodana izingane, hhayi kanye baphathwa olushaqisayo ebulawa yizigebengu, abaningi bakhumbula kukhanye steel ummese izindwani, okuyinto baye babulawa abazali babo, ngamangala impempe inhlamvu angqongqoze tinkling izibuko.

Uma ophasiswe ezibiyele, Mark Z. wabona Trotsky ukuphuma emotweni. Isinyathelo Heavy esendleleni eya endlini yakhe. Khona-ke umculi waqaphela indlela okhathele, nayo babesizwa kakhulu ukuthi ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye ofuna ukubhala imidwebo yakhe. Ngiphakathi lasebukhosini noma uhulumeni wamaSoviet, ngokombono wakhe, kwakungadingeki ezidingekayo.

Mark Shagal anquma ukuthatha nomkakhe nokuthi babeke ebeseke wavela ngesikhathi indodakazi yakhe futhi ushiye Russia. Uba ukhomishana wokuqala, ngubani kokushiya isimo esisha hhayi kuphela ekusindiseni ukuphila abathandekayo, kodwa futhi umphefumulo bakhe ebugqilini.

ukuphila okusha, noma isimo sengqondo kumculi phesheya

Marc Chagall Biography futhi lokusungula okuyinto manje ayisahlobene ezweni, anikele France - ukuhlangabezana ukungafi yakhe. Eminyakeni eyalandela, igama lakhe ingezwe ibinzana "wayeyisazi ekhulwini", "inzalamizi zomhlaba umdwebo." The French limenyezelwe Mark Zakharovich ikhanda Paris art esikoleni. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo eJalimane endaweni bonfire omkhulu ashisiwe zabalingiswa Chagall. Kungani abanye abakubheka ngokudweba esivelele yobuciko wesimanje, kuyilapho abanye ke liphazamisa ekusetshenzisweni kwazo "cannibal" imiklamo.

Mhlawumbe, lawushaya umuzwa ukuzimela siqu. Wayengumuntu khulula njengoba uNkulunkulu inqubo kudalwa indawo yonke. Nomaphi lapho wahlala Chagall - e Vitebsk, New York noma Paris - yena uchazwa cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Munye nobe mibili izibalo womuntu, liyachuma emoyeni ... Inkomazi, Iqhude, ihhashi noma imbongolo, amathuluzi ezimbalwa zomculo, izimbali, uphahla Vitebsk bomdabu. Cishe akukho okunye wabhala Mark Shagal. Incazelo izithombe awabonisi nje izithombe okuphindayo, kodwa futhi cishe musa ihluke nomunye storylines.

A kufezeka iphupho, noma Yini benze imidwebo likaMarku Zakharovich

Nokho Ongoti bamangala. Mark Z. yabonisa izifundo evamile, sengathi umbukeli ayibone okokuqala. Yena ngokwemvelo kakhulu kuvezwa izinto kumnandi. Ukuze elula, hhayi eyinkimbinkimbi abathandi art lengqondo Mark Zakharovich - evamile ebuntwaneni amaphupho. Bona - ke isifiso esisuka ukundiza. Ecabanga ngezinto okuthile inexpressibly enhle, ukujabula nokudumala ngesikhathi esifanayo. Mark Shagal - umculi ozizwa uzibophezele umuntu ngamunye emisebenzini yakhe ukuthi uma empilweni yakho. Lokhu nimunye yonke enkulu.

Lo muntu zonke ezaziwayo emhlabeni wonke

Lokhu okwamanje ezingavamile ukhanyisele eyathatha Mark Zakharovich engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Yilokho kangakanani isiphetho ake umculi omkhulu ukuba creative. Wabhala amakhulu emifanekiso. Umdwebo wakhe itholakala e-New York iMetropolitan Opera kanye eGrand Opera Paris. Umsebenzi wakhe - kungcono futhi inqwaba ibala amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile e amasonto ababhishobhi Europe kanye wonke isakhiwo emhlabeni lapho uhlala eziningi abantu ukuthi ubani Mark Shagal. Biography nezithombe kuye hhayi kuphela Russian alithandeki namuhla. Ngisho neZizwe Ezihlangene ezihlulekayo izakhi Umdwebo walo mculi abanamakhono.

Umlando Creative. Mark Shagal nodumo international

Lapho uHitler eqala ukubusa, imidwebo umculi sika Marc Chagall waqala ukuveza ukukhathazeka umdwebi sika phezu isiphetho isintu. Lona "Solitude", "White Ukubethelwa", lapho izimpawu zobuJuda nezobuKristu axutshwa nesixuku amaNazi amaJuda uyakwesabisa. Mark Z. babalekela e-United States futhi kakade lapho ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe.

Kuyaphawuleka kwenye inkathi umculi, ngubani uchaza yomlando wakhe. Mark Shagal ngo-1944, washonelwa umkakhe, futhi yebo lokhu bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe. Bella livela lezi imidwebo umculi njengoba "Wedding Amakhandlela", "Nocturne" kanye nezinye: amafomu eziningana, ne izipoki, ngesimo ingelosi nomakoti isipoki.

Buyela Paris

Ngo-1948, uMark Zaharovich Shagal waphinda bazinza France, kwi-Cote d'Azuri. Lapha uthola eziningi oda kuhlela amaqoqo kanye izingubo zokulingisa umdanso we-ballet. Ngo-1960 uqala ukwakha ibala amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile ngoba esinagogeni Hadassah Medical Center.

Kamuva, ethatha ukudalwa nemisebenzi emikhulu ekuklanyweni lombhishobhi e Zurich, iSonto St kukaStefanu ngo Mainz eJalimane futhi i-Church of All Saints e-United Kingdom. Washona umculi enkulu Mark Zaharovich Shagal Mashi 28, 1985, eshiya inqwaba imisebenzi yobuciko in eziningi izimboni.

Mark Shagal waba uphawu lokuhlala zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, kodwa hhayi elimazayo obubi nothando, afise ukuba kwenziwe ngokuvumelana, ithemba lokuthola injabulo. ukungafi lakhe - ikhono ukudlulisela khona umoya yaphezulu kuyo yonke le into zomhlaba.