Ivana Velikogo Bell koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele

Ngesikhathi Cathedral Square we ezibiyele isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi St. Ioanna Lestvichnika, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ivan Bell Omkhulu. I ezibiyele nazo zonke izakhiwo zalo zihlangene ukuze zibe yisikhungo esisodwa ku enhliziyweni kwesihloko. Ngo-2008, lokhu lesikhumbuzo bokwakha neminyaka engu-500 ubudala.

Church of St Ioanna Lestvichnika

Ivana Velikogo Bell koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele sihlehlela emuva emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka yomlando, futhi iqala countdown yayo 1329. Ngalowo nyaka yasungulwa iSonto St Ioanna Lestvichnika ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan Kalita. Ithempeli yasungulwa ngenxa umbhoshongo insimbi, ngakho igumbi wavunyelwa ukuba ikhale izinsimbi ivumelane ngaphezulu, ubekwe amazinga engenhla isonto. Ekumbeni ukuthi Kwakuseshwa kule XIX-XX eminyaka, waveza ukuthi isakhiwo se-izakhiwo okusikhumbuza emathempelini Armenia lasendulo. Egcekeni lesonto ayenakho izinhlangothi eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi engxenyeni engaphakathi isonto has simise cruciform. Uhlangothi lwasempumalanga we Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba elise nemengamo ongaphambili omise izinsimbi zafakwa esitezi sesibili. Ithempeli yayikhona ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu XVI.

Bonovskaya belfry

Ngo 1505 ngesikhathi kubusa Grand Prince Vasily III, isonto ubudala adiliza. Endaweni efanayo-ke kwakhiwa ibandla elisha elaklanywa amakhosi evela e-Italiya, wethiwa Bon Fryazin. Ithempeli lakhiwa ikhumbule Tsar Ivan III. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu. Ngo 1508, ababili-tiered isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi isilungile. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze bokwakha, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo Italy ngaleso sikhathi, babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu izakhiwo zethempeli. Yingakho isakhiwo kwadingeka kwemibhoshongo insimbi eziningana, okuyinto atholiwe eceleni komunye nomunye. Ibandla futhi wathola elinye igama - ". Bonovskaya isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi" ikholomu Umxhwele wajoyina variegated ezibiyele amathempeli endaweni Ensemble olulodwa. Kwakuwusuku yesibili isonto itshe eMoscow. Throne of St Ioanna Lestvichnika léthulwa esitezi sokuqala isakhiwo.

Ngo-1532 ohlangothini enyakatho basembhoshongweni insimbi belfry lakhiwa ithempeli we Ascension yephrojekthi lomunye wezakhiwo kusuka Italy - Petroc Minor. It wawuhloselwe isikhencezo okuqinile enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1,000, ngokuthi "umvangeli". Ukugcwaliswa sokwakha belfry e 1543 eyenziwa sezingcweti wendawo. Ngqo zasethempelini zazigcinwa esitezi sesithathu, okwaholela iladi ekhethekile. Esabekayo sise Belfry sigubhu nge Dome.

Assumption belfry

Ngo-1600, ngesikhathi sokuvuna kulo lonke izwe wawukubangela usizi, libulawa indlala izakhamizi. Boris Godunov, okusindisa abantu bakhe, wanquma afeze kulungiswe enkulu Bonovskoy isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, okuyinto isebenza befika bonke abantu umngcele. Wahlela ayiqede eyodwa uqimba, futhi futhi ukudala Elikhulu Church of St John Esitezi. Ngakho-ke, sonke isakhiwo eyayigqoke igama elihlukile - Ivan Bell Omkhulu. phansi Attached kwaba cylindrical isesimweni, futhi ukuphakama umbhoshongo insimbi senyuselwa 82 amamitha. Kwakuwusuku isakhiwo enkulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuze afike ezingeni phezulu, bekuyoba kudingeke ukuba zidlule 329 degrees. Ngaphansi Dome sethempeli ukuthi ezibaziweyo umbhalo oqoshwe e izinhlamvu zegolide, okhombisa usuku wakhiwe futhi amagama amakhosi abusa ngesikhathi (Boris Godunov nendodana yakhe). On endaweni ezungeze umbhoshongo insimbi, okuyinto wazala igama lase-Ivanovo, ukufunda zonke oda yenkosi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukubonakaliswa "zikhala zonke Ivanovo".

Engxenyeni insimbi umbhoshongo XVII ngekhulu lesibili lavuselelwa ngokuphelele. Phakathi nokubusa Mikhail Romanov noyise Sabefundisi Filaret, e 1624, ohlangothini lwasenyakatho Yakhiwa Filaretova wokwakha Bazhen Ogurtsova. Isakhiwo waba mhlophe mbhoshongo itshe etendeni embozwe tile. Ivan Omkhulu Bell eMoscow ezibiyele anikwa igama elisha - kweNyuka Belfry.

I isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ka 1812 nomthelela ongemuhle lesikhumbuzo bokwakha. Amasosha French isuswe esiphambanweni eyayibhalwe kusukela embhoshongweni futhi wazama ukushaya it up. Kodwa wahlupheka Filaret kuphela Isijobelelo futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi etholakala enyakatho. Lapho impi iphela, inkosi D. Gilardi ngokugcwele esimweni isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi yamila izakhi, ukushintsha ezinye olinganise futhi isitayela jikelele ukwakhiwa. Futhi kule minyaka 1895-1897 Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower eMoscow ibuyiselwe S. Rodionov.

izici kwesakhiwo

Ngesikhathi ukuphakama Ivana Velikogo isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi liyaphuma 82 amamitha. Kusukela iphuzu eyayibaluleke isakhiwo ungase ucabangele eduze amamayela 30 ezizungeze inhloko-dolobha. Naphezu izakhiwo elula basembhoshongweni insimbi, isakhiwo bemibuso ezahlukene nobuhle. Olinganise zonke izakhi zawo ezikhethiwe ngendlela yokuthi kudala obunobunye kakhulu Ensemble yezakhiwo. Siyabonga emakhosini abanolwazi, wayebe nesandla indalo yayo, Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower kuyinto yesiteleka somlando eMoscow.

I izinsimbi ku belfry

Ukwakhiwa Imininingwane kuyinto insimbi 34, futhi kuphela 3 wabo wahlala phezu Filaretova uAnnexe futhi belfry. Ezikhathini zasendulo, insimbi elengiswa ugongolo izinkuni, kodwa XIX-XX eminyaka zimiselelwe yensimbi. Zonke izinsimbi zenziwa amakhosi ekubunjweni amacala nangenkathi ezahlukene.

I owayemdala kunabo bonke - "The Bear", nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi 7, waphonswa e 1501. Insimbi kakhulu obonakalayo futhi ezinzima iyona "Dormition" ( "Tsar Bell") nge isisindo amathani 65, okuyinto waphonswa ngo-1819 ngu-okuyinhloko Zavyalov futhi Rusinov asendabeni ubudala. Insimbi yesibili ngobukhulu iyona "wezinhlekelele" nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angu-32, elaklanywa Anton laseChekhov e 1622. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso Kwesinye isiqephu esiyinhlekelele, lapho ngo-1855, i-obandayo insimbi ephukile futhi, flying ku-5 phansi, wawela phansi, kwashona abantu abangaphezu koyedwa. Esesithathu insimbi okubalulekile "Isonto" ( "Semisotenny") nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani 13. It yadalwa 1704, futhi I. Motorin esisogwini Filaret Isijobelelo.

Isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi 18 iqukethe wonke izinsimbi. Esitezi kukhona 6 wabo, phakathi okuyinto omdala, ngokwesilinganiso - 9. emphemeni ongaphezulu iqukethe 3 izinsimbi, umlando okuyinto engaziwa.

isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi Museum

On ezingeni lokuqala kweNyuka Belfry kuyinto ihholo Museum lapho usebenza yobuciko.

Umbhoshongo insimbi ezibiyele History Museum itholakala e Moscow, elibonisa amamodeli we izakhiwo itshe elimhlophe lasendulo kwekhulu XIV, libonisa panorama eMoscow nezinye izinto zokuqala. umbhoshongo insimbi izindonga ahlotshiswe projection esikhumbuzo ahlukahlukene. Emphemeni observation linikeza ukubukwa esikhulu ezibiyele nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ukuze izivakashi kukhona Umhlahlandlela ekhethekile umsindo, esiza izivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuba bafunde amaqiniso angokomlando lokhu lesikhumbuzo bokwakha, njengoba Ivan Bell Omkhulu, incazelo kanye nemininingwane ethakazelisayo.

Itshe lesikhumbuzo bokwakha ezinsukwini zethu

Namuhla, u-Ivan Bell Omkhulu - kuba Museum samanje, uthola izinkulungwane zezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke nsuku zonke. Museum ibonisa lasendulo art izinto. Through the ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje kungenzeka lokuphinda ukubukeka kokuba zingazange ziphile zize izikhathi zethu izikhumbuzo.

Kuyo khona yeSoviet Union, umbhoshongo insimbi yavalwa izivakashi. Futhi izinsimbi ethempelini kwamenyezwa ukuthi ngo-1992, ngosuku Easter oNgcwele. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke imisebenzi zesonto ezisenhloko-Kremlin ababhishobhi ziqhutshwa ngaphansi Chime.

Ivan Bell Elikhulu ezibiyele - isikhumbuzo esibalulekile bokwakha, elinomlando abacebile ezithakazelisayo. Wonke umuntu owafika eMoscow, ungakwazi ukujabulela umbono lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele.