Matua Island. Severo-Kurilsk idolobha wesifunda Sakhalin esifundeni

Matua Island - is lihlalwe muntu namuhla isiqephu sezwe, lapho ngokuvamile embozwe inkungu obukhulu, enikeza le ndawo engaqondakali namanje mfihlakalo inkulu.

izici Jikelele

Kuyinto isiqhingi ezingaziwa we Kuril chain. Ubukhulu bayo kuncane: obuphelele - 11 km, ububanzi - 6.5 km. Isiqongo eliphakeme Sarycheva (intabamlilo Fuyou) - ukuphakama salo 1485 amamitha. Kude ezindaweni ezinabantu ka Sakhalin futhi eKamchatka, khona-mlilo asebenzayo futhi amaqiniso ongaqondakali zomlando ezihlobene nale indawo, kukhona isizathu ukuthi isiqhingi manje lingenamuntu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemva yokubuyiswa Japan ngo-August 1945 amashumi eminyaka esiqhingini kukhona emngceleni asebenzayo. Kodwa ngo-2000 kwathiwa kubhujiswe ngomlilo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isiqhingi Matua baba eyihlane ngokuphelele. ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela woza lapha uhambo, elimalungu alo benenkinga impendulo imfihlakalo kulendawo encane ezweni.

Isiqhingi umlando

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kulesi siqhingi atholakala umcwaningi Ivan Kozyrevsky ibika. Wayengomunye ngowokuqala wanikeza incazelo eningiliziwe Kuril Islands, uyazivakashela ezinye wabanika amagama. Wabiza Matua Isiqhingi Motogo. Futhi, le ndawo okukhulunywa ngayo namajenali ucwaningo Cossack uLieutenant Ivan Black, izimali kule minyaka 1766-1769 ukuze Iturup. Ubiza Matua Isiqhingi Mutova. It Ivan Cherny okokuqala likhuluma intabamlilo Fuyou, embiza ngokuthi i Knoll. Lokhu kusekelwe ekwazisweni izindaba Kuriles, utshela indaba kanjani mlilo evutha okubangelwa rockfalls esibi kusukela lapho babhubha bonke abahlala ngaphakathi endaweni engaba amakhilomitha ambalwa.

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XX, esiqhingini Matua sasiyindawo endaweni yokuhlala unomphela we Ainu. Siyazi futhi ukuthi ngo-1923 kwaba khona isiphetho Matsu-Mura, lapho amakhulu amaningana Japanese wahlala. Khona-ke kulesi siqhingi kwakuhlala njengengxenye yensimu kwangaphakathi zaseJapane, okungenzeka kakhulu, kule minyaka 20-30th kwaqala Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezempi kanye nezokuxhumana. Iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, esiqhingini Matua khona target ebalulekile amasu Japan. Waba inqaba enamandla, okuyinto elawulwa zonke ingxenye enyakatho ntshonalanga ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean.

Izimfihlo Matua Island

Nokho, ngaphandle nje amaqiniso asobala ukufakazela ukuthi kwakukhona airfield, namadepho kaphethiloli futhi izindiza siqu, kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi isiqhingi Matua kwaba base osithekile Japanese, okungase ukuthuthukisa zamakhemikhali izikhali ezingamagciwane.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphezu sezindiza futhi lonke inethiwekhi izinqaba (bunkers, pillboxes, caponiers, imisele, ube nemigodi ngemigodi), itholakale esidlangalaleni, kukhona esiqhingini izakhiwo eziningi komhlaba, injongo okuyinto namanje akwaziwa. Kuyini - laboratories chemical okucashile emafektri, ibhomu zokukhosela, ibhalekisi nangemuva umyalo? Lo mbuzo hle lula ukuphendula ngokungananazi. Iningi lezinto ziyafihlwa zokungena ezijulile komhlaba kuthiwa ukhungethwe ngenxa yokuqhuma nokuqhuma. Kodwa siphuma emhlabeni silandela imithetho out semali eziyinsimbi nebumba amapayipi. Ngokwe-akhawunti ye abahlanganyeli mikhankaso, kukhona futhi wazifihla umbhoshongo amanzi, futhi bunkers ukhonkolo ngezicabha steel kanye amafasitela. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi siqhingi kungenzeka kwenziwe ukuhlolwa laboratory kanye safumana ubufakazi yinqwaba yensimbi izinzwa, ingcindezi Izikali, Centrifuge, ahlukanisa flasks futhi ukuhlolwa amashubhu. Kodwa uma kunjalo, lapho benza Delos imishini eziyisisekelo ngubo? Futhi umbuzo obaluleke kunayo - lapho benze lab.

Ukuthola izimpendulo zale mibuzo iminyaka eminingi bekwi-ikhanda unomphela eKamchatka-Kuril uhambo evgeniy Mihaylovich Vereschaga. Yena, njengezinye abacwaningi abaningi oyikholelwayo ukuthi isiqhingi Japanese of Matua ukuthi mothballed phambi Japanese owayezinikele amasosha aseSoviet. Le nguqulo wathi namaqiniso angokomlando. Agasti 18 kule Kuriles lawela amabutho aseSoviet, futhi lolu lwazi zasakazekela iziqhingi. Garrison Matua Isiqhingi ngokusemthethweni umaluju ngo-August ka-25. Okungukuthi, amaJapane usube nesikhathi eside ukususa zonke amagugu, kodwa iqiniso ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukususa, fihla ajulile.

Cishe, ngaphambi nje kokuba yokubuyiswa amasosha angaphezu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane kwadingeka ukuba baphume baphele esiqhingini. 3811 Futhi labo Japanese azinikela - La mabutho ngubani babehilelekile ukuthi basindiswa esiqhingini nabo bonke wayifihla.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba sinake indlela eyinkimbinkimbi amaJapane wafika ukwakhiwa kwalesi airfield. Zezindiza kuso ngakho qualitatively uphahlwe ukhonkolo, ukuthi kuze kube yilolu suku isimo sakhe akusona sibi kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa, isibonelo, kule Sheremetyevo. Ubude kwaba ifakwe zezindiza amathathu, amabili awo ezilungiswe parallel nomunye, kanti eyesithathu - i-engela 45 degrees mayelana nabanye. Akukhona ngengozi. Emibili elinganisene zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso main, kanti eyesithathu esetshenziswa imimoya lapho eqinile kusukela olwandle. Namanje ehlakazekile emhlabeni amakhulu airfield imiphongolo kaphethiloli, okuyinto kungabonwa wokugubha Wehrmacht. Ezinye zazo zigcwele.

ngemva kwempi

Kakade emva lempi Japanese bashiye Matua, sahlala khona isiRashiya, esiqhingini izenzakalo eziyinqaba kwenzeke: abantu wanyamalala, ukukhanya ebusuku yakhanyisa kwemithambeka le ntaba-mlilo ... Futhi ekupheleni the 60s, onogada abathathu umngcele wathola omunye zokungena emhumeni, futhi, eliqhutshwa ilukuluku, saya phansi lapho. Abaningi abazange baphinde babonwe. Kwaba ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo kwalandelwa ukuvinjelwa uhulumeni ku ukungena catacombs Japanese.

I indawo siphikisana Japan

Russia naseJapane, futhi kuze kube namuhla abakwazi ukwehlukana Kuril Islands. Komngcele Japan akashintshile kusukela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, okwathi ngemva kwalokho bonke Kuril Islands abangu lithathwa eSoviet Union. Nokho, ohlangothini Japanese futhi manje bathi ubunikazi eningizimu eziqhingini Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan kanye neqembu iziqhingi ka Habomai, okuyinto, ngokombono wabo, wahlanganyela Russia ifomu ukuthi akanayo nesisekelo esingokomthetho ngaphansi. Uhlangothi Russian ayiboni impikiswano indawo, njengoba iqiniso yomthetho futhi ngenxa izenzakalo zomlando kungabaza.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kusukela ngo-Agasti 1945 Matua Isiqhingi (Kuril Islands) kungokwalabo Russia, wayesalokhu uyaqhubeka ukugcina izimfihlo eziningi Japanese.