Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov: amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila, umsebenzi

Namuhla sikhuluma ezidumile ethandwa kakhulu namuhla ezinjalo, umbhali waseRussia UMikhail Bulgakov. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo evela lempilo umlobi, kanye izici umsebenzi wakhe, futhi esikhathini esithile oluchaza okuzoxoxwa ngaso kulesi sihloko.

Nasi biography

ukuphila Umlobi ayizange kuhluke ukuqinisela. Namuhla UMikhail Bulgakov kungase ibukeke iyisinxibi kodwa ukuceba kusasa, mindlessly kokuchitha imali abangane esihle.

Kukhona akulona iqiniso ukuthi Bulgakov wakhetha indlela umlobi kuqhathaniswa sekwephuzile - kuphela iminyaka engu-30. Nokho, lesi sitatimende ikude iqiniso. Bhala umbhali Yayiqala ekuseni kakhulu. It is mayelana zokuqala imisebenzi yakhe "The Adventures of Svetlana" eyabhalwa eminyakeni 7 ezaziwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sikhuluma ukubhala njengendlela umsebenzi agcwele ke, yebo, Bulgakov nafika kule ngesikhathi esisodwa. Akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi inkwali yoqobo Bulgakov kuye kwahlotshaniswa imithi. Empeleni, akazange ashiye kwezokwelapha futhi ngemva kokuba ebe Umbhali odumile.

Bulgakov iziqu University Medical ngo-1916, ngemva kwalokho ukusatshalaliswa waya Smolensk, uye endaweni ephakemeyo, udokotela wendawo. Wayelethwa ephelezelwa umkakhe Tatiana. Ngokusekelwe Umlando yaleyo minyaka, umlobi utlole uchungechunge izindaba, "Amanothi we udokotela osemncane."

Kodwa hhayi prosaic ngakho kungase kungakholakali, kwaba indlela ukuthi kwaba Bulgakov. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila umbhali, okuyinto sethula ngezansi, ukuvumela ukubona lokhu.

art Izici

Ngo-1920 umsebenzi Bulgakov ukuthatha ukugxekwa esibi kakhulu. Ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi umlobi akazange ayisekele nendlela imibono kweSoviet futhi wahlabelela umbuso omusha. Ngokwesibonelo, play "Flight" ungacimi esiteji, njengoba baxgeki walibiza emelene ngempela namaSoviet.

Umlobi uye bavuma obala ukuthi inguquko uthanda kwemvelo. Akumangalisi ukuthi Bulgakov House ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuseshwa yi NKVD, futhi owaloba cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe washushiswa.

Yamadivayisi umphefumulo

Wabonisa isithakazelo esithile zonke izinhlobo ezingaqondakali in izinganekwane nezincwadi Bulgakov. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo evela lempilo umlobi zihlanganisa okwamanje lapho umxhwele opera "Faust". Bulgakov kwaba izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi ukusebenza ngesikhathi Bolshoi Theatre. isithombe iqhawe bathandile ikakhulukazi nombhali Faust, kanye nokudayiswa ezihlobene kwesisusa komphefumulo.

Ngokushesha Bulgakov waphoqeleka ukuba uvumelane isiphakamiso kukaStalin - ukubhala ekhazimulisa play wakhe. Ngemva kwalokho, Mr Mikhail waqala ukuziqhathanisa Faust - kwakudingeka "ukuthengisa umphefumulo wakhe kudeveli."

uhlamvu olahlekile

Indoda eyinqaba kakhulu kwaba Bulgakov (amaqiniso athakazelisayo ukusekela lokhu). Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1937 ezinye abalobi Bekulindeleke ukuthi bathumele eziningana kudlala mayelana esenzeka kokufa A. S. Pushkina. Bulgakov wayengomunye walabo abalobi kanye esemnika play wakhe, entitling ke "Alexander Pushkin". Kodwa lokho kwaba ukumangala izilaleli lapho enkundleni futhi akabonakalanga protagonist.

Bulgakov wacabanga ukuthi kwakungeke kube ukubonisa kunganambitheki nenhlamba phezu nomdlali waseshashalazini, begqoke izevatho umbhali omkhulu Russian. Ngakho, umlobi uyazicabangela ukubukeka engamukeleki ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo "Pushkin".

umcebo

"Igugu" Mihaila Bulgakova kwasekuqaleni, yebo, ehambisana ne-inoveli "I iWhite Guard". Iqiniso ukuthi incazelo eningiliziwe kakhulu endlini yakho eKiev ngo umkhiqizo, okwenza kube omunye amaphuzu enkulumo ayisihluthulelo senzo. Yilokho endlini amaqhawe amagugu afihliweyo. abafundi abaningi kakhulu akuthatha njengesinqumo iqiniso. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha indlu ngokoqobo adiliza sitini ngesitini. Ngalesi sikhathi, Bulgakov akazange ingeyakho, kodwa lokhu qiniso omubi ziqondakala abanikazi ezintsha.

Nokho, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo, engcebweni akakaze zitholakele. Futhi kuphela isisekelo wahlala endlini.

Faka isithandwa

Kuyinto ongaziwa, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi kule noveli "The Master noMargarita" sanikezelwa umbhali othandekayo eNuremberg Elena Sergeevna, akubona bonke uyazi. Lona wesifazane wayesekhulile impela inkosikazi lokugcina Bulgakov. Ngesikhathi somhlangano, kokubili imikhaya, ngakho ubudlelwano akanikelanga injabulo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuhlupheka.

Ngokubhala Romana Bulgakov waqala ngo-1929, futhi kwaphela iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi wanikwa incwadi "Venediktov, noma izenzakalo ezijabulisayo ekuphileni kwami," A. Chayanov. Protagonists yale ncwadi kwakufanele uSathane, umfundi nesibongo Bulgakov, ngubani uphoqelekile ukuba ngilwe nesikhulu isikhulu ebumnyameni ngenxa yomphefumulo othandekayo wakhe. Indaba iphela abathandi kwakwakhe. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu wakhetha kwaba umfutho ngokubhala "Umninimuzi UMargarita."

Voland

"Umninimuzi UMargarita" kuyinto umsebenzi edume kunazo zonke ezake labo wabhalela Bulgakov. Biography, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo futhi izici lokusungula ngakho-ke ivame ukuhlotshaniswa elale ndalo. Kule ndaba, omunye awanakuziziba sibalo Woland. Bulgakov uye waboleka segama Mephistopheles kusuka ElikaDavide Goethe sika "Faust." Nje-ke uSathana Wazibiza ngokuthi, uma ucelwa imimoya emibi ake wamdlulisa.

Uhlelo lokuqala "Umninimuzi UMargarita" iqukethe incazelo eningiliziwe Woland, okwakuthatha Amakhasi 15. Nokho, ukushicilelwa Bulgakov ukhiphe le uhlu lwabo bonke intando, futhi okwamanje le ngxenye noveli cishe kubhekwe ukuba zilahleke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye okusalungiswa, kanye Woland igama ezivamile Astaroth. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Bulgakov wenqaba igama, mhlawumbe ngoba Astaroth ngokuthi idemoni elinamandla, kodwa abengesuye umbusi esihogweni.

"Inja" Bulgakov

inoveli Notorious "Inhliziyo ka Inja" kuyinto ukuphathwa ezivamile: Amabhola - lena ummeleli evamile lumpenproletariat, ngubani, ukuba amandla, iqala ukuba abhubhise zazo siqu. Nokho, kukhona incazelo ngaphansi owaziwa.

Ngakho, ibhola (igama lesibili Chugunkin) - Stalin, ngoba lokhu kokubili 'nensimbi' isibongo. UProfesa isimo - Lenin, ngubani siguqulwe lonke lelo zwe (kokutholakala UProfesa uqhathaniswa ushintsho isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona). Dr. Bormental - Trotsky, njalo buphikisana ibhola-uStalin. Shvonder - ke itshe, futhi Zina - Zinoviev, njll ...

cat uBehemoti

Lena enye uhlamvu emangalisayo, abenyukela Bulgakov. Biography (amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye) lisikisela ukuthi uBhehemoti sekuneminyaka prototype yangempela.

Nokho, kwakungewona cat intandokazi black dog Bulgakov sika okuthiwa uBehemoti. engqondweni ezahlukene yezilwane, futhi umlobi sasihlobene kuso.

"Ivan Vasilievich"

Ngo-1934 UMikhail Bulgakov wabhala owaziwa namuhla, play "Ivan Vasilievich". Lapho sabhalwa umsebenzi, abaningi wesaba ukuthi ngeke sikhululwe ngenxa ukufana eqinile Ivana Groznogo ukuze uStalin.

Lokhu kwaba yiqiniso. Play ababukeli wabona kuphela ngo-1973, lapho i-ukuqopha wathatha leonid Gaidai. Umqondisi wazama ukulondoloza indaba yokuqala, kodwa ngokoqobo 30s kwekhulu lama-20 lase zishintshwe 70. Nokho, ifilimu yaphumelela ekhungathekisayo.

Bulgakov indlu

Noma "Indlu Bulgakov sika" - esidumile Museum-yaseshashalazini e Moscow, esisogwini Bolshaya Sadovaya, inombolo yendlu 10. Lapha, kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1924 umlobi wayephila.

Museum inikeza embukisweni elalinikezelwe ukuphila futhi umsebenzi Bulgakov, okuyinto njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihlukahlukene imibukiso enikelwe umbhali agcinwe kule Museum. Bavame ngisho ukuthatha isikhala ngaphandle efulethini - isiteji ezitebhisini, ithala ehlobo, egcekeni.