Minsk castle umlando

Ming Ilokhi - a izinqaba, kwasho ukuqala inhlokodolobha yesimanje waseBelarus. Ngeshwa, akazange ukusinda, kodwa izincwadi zomlando kungenziwa kutholakale isethi amarekhodi nencazelo yakhe. Batinikela umbono yendlela ebukeka ngayo kanye izinto ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwezindonga kanye ngaphandle kwabo.

isisekelo

Minsk castle yakhiwa kuleli kwesigamu Ngekhulu le-11 lwesibili confluence imifula Svisloch futhi Nemiga. Ngenjongo yokuqinisa isisekelo bekulokhu lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela imingcele oseningizimu ubukhulu of Polotsk. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-oda ithebhu yokuvala, kungenzeka babevela Vseslava Bryachislavicha, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Magician. Le nzalo owaziwa we Rurik, owabusa ubukhulu ka Polotsk iphelile 57 ubudala, kudingeka inqaba evikela impahla yakhe futhi imizila yezohwebo eya eningizimu nasentshonalanga.

Battle ku Nemiga

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala inqaba Minsk, kunalokho Menesk iqukethwe adumile "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Kukhona irekhodi ukuthi 1067 bakwa-Yaroslava Mudrogo, owabusa ekhatsi Kiev, eze ibutho at abhidliza izindonga zayo. Chamber kaMasipala benqaba ukuvula isango, kodwa izakhamuzi Minsk ukumelana washeshe eziphukile. Bazalwane Yaroslaviches ethumba bawenza incithakalo umuzi, base beza amabutho wokutakula wahlulwa Vseslava Bryachislavicha empini emfuleni Nemiga.

Ekhulwini le-12

Ngo 1101, ngemva kokufa isikhulu ubudala, niyizindlalifa yakhe ihlukaniswe nempahla kayise. Ngenxa yalokho, Menesk waba ngaphansi ukuphathwa Gleba Vseslavicha owathi edolobheni inhloko-dolobha ubukhulu babo ahlukene. Nge isimo esisha futhi isikhundla evumayo ezindawo edolobheni basungula ngokushesha.

Kakade ngawo-1104 enqabeni Minsk seliphinde laba namandla anele ukuze ziqinise futhi wamelana ekuvinjezelweni amasosha iphansi kwesandla sika-Kiev Putyata izimantshi, owaphelezelwa Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich futhi Oleg Svyatoslavich. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-12, mayelana 2 izinyanga ka ulinga enqabeni kanye uVladimir Monomakh Nokho, okuyinto, kwadingeka ukuba ashona, okwenza ngobuze lokushaya.

Ingxenye yesibili yekhulu le-12 ku ezweni namuhla abakha insimu ka Belarus yesimanje kwaphawulwa olunegazi internecine izimpi. Babehlanganyela elibonakalayo Polotsk isikhulu Rogvolod Borisovich. Wagcina ubufakazi ebhaliwe ukuthi amabutho akhe wangaphumelela ovinjezelwe enqabeni Minsk e 1159, 1160 kanye 1161, ngokulandelana.

Emakhulwini eminyaka 13-16

Okuxakayo nje cishe akukho Umlando walokho okwenzeka enqabeni Minsk nasezindaweni ezizungezile kusukela ekuqaleni 1200s futhi kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-1320 sika. Omunye nje ukuthi nokwami ngenxa ekubeni amaMongol ahlasele, kuphangwa iGolden zidlamlilo futhi ukuwa Old Russian isimo ubukhulu u buthaka kakhulu futhi waqala ukufuna nokuxhaswa Lithuania ukuthi ukuthola umthelela. Lokhu kufakazelwa i entry idokhumenti sangomhla ngonyaka 1324. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-120 ka-Grand UMbusi Lithuania Casimir wesine Minsk charter anikezwe imizi nelungelo. Kamuva, lapho indodana yakhe, wathola uMthetho eMagdeburg. Ngakho, yesimanje inhlokodolobha Belarus ithole belingana emadolobheni amaningi adumile ephakathi eYurophu. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukugcinwa castle waqala ukhokhiswe imali akhethekile izintela, futhi sasibhekwa isikhungo sezombusazwe, sezempi nezamasiko esifundeni, kanye yokuhlala sezikhulu nababusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube sekupheleni-15 inqaba ekhulwini ayenencazelo lempi.

ngekhulu le-16

Ngo 1505 iqulo YaseCrimea Khan Giray Makhmet wafika izindonga enqabeni Minsk. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abavikeli edolobheni ngaphambi kokuba Battle yalwela isiguqo lebandleni enqabeni, kodwa yaphela nge ukunqotshwa abavikeli. AmaTatar ezazihlupha Minsk wantshontsha ethumba amashumi ezinkulungwane zamadoda, abesifazane nezingane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo enqabeni kwaba ungenakunqotshwa.

Ngo-1547 i-amashwa okukhulu ngesimo umlilo ezimbi cishe wabhubhisa Minsk. Castle (isithombe ngemigwalo senziwa imiphumela abavubukuli cm. Ngenhla) is kancane zishiswe. ku ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo msebenzi wenziwa kakhulu kancane futhi insufficiently. ngokushesha Walahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwalo, yasala dengwane futhi saqala ukwehla.

umlando okwengeziwe

Ngeshwa, namuhla enqabeni Minsk e Minsk ukuze uhlole kungenzeka. Nakungenteka kutsi ekupheleni kuka-18 - ekuqaleni nekhulu le-19 babe kusabonakala okuvimbezela zobumba, isivele eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-100 ubudala ayikwazi ukutholwa ngisho kubo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva iziphathimandla Minsk Lezi zinhlelo kabusha le inqaba yasendulo. Kusolwa ukuthi ngesisekelo lokusinda izincazelo yesonto castle kuzobuyiswa, futhi osebeni Svisloch, phakathi esiteshini futhi umthombo phambi Isigodlo Ezemidlalo, lesi sakhiwo esisha izokwakhiwa. It is kuhlelwe ukuthi uzobe yakhiwe emakethe ephansi, umnyuziyamu komhlaba, futhi ezinkulu isakhiwo phansi-based, okuyinto insalela i ekhulwini lasendulo 12 Minsk. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuthi lowo muntu adilize ejimini "Manpower izinqolobane", sise Prospect Winners, 2.

Incazelo ka enqabeni

ubufakazi Iningi mayelana nokubonakala kanye nomklamo izici inqaba wasala imibhalo kwekhulu le-18. Ikakhulukazi, kuyaziwa ukuthi enyakatho, naseningizimu-ntshonalanga uhlangothi endaweni castle kwaba izimbuku, eyayiqinisekisa ukwakhiwa kwetivikelo ezinhle. Injongo efanayo kuyathuthukiswa nokuthi yokugcwalisa yokufakelwa ugodo kushaft. Wavumela ukuvula umlilo kusukela izintuba izindonga zomuzi azungeze azungezwe yabo. Ekuqaleni kushaft ngasesinqeni waba ububanzi 14 m ngasesinqeni, kodwa kamuva lwandiswa 22-25 m futhi enokwethenjelwa evikelwe Minsk. Castle (Ikheli: Indawo Square ngoMashi 8), noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile, izindonga zalo ibe ukuphakama 5 amamitha kanye kushaft - 13 m emhlabeni Zokuzivikela yashayisa unqenqema kwase kunezinto ezimbili okufanele ikhefu - ku Inyakatho neningizimu .. Ngabo lidlule Street Omkhulu. Ukungena endaweni le nqaba kwaba kulolu hlangothi ivikelwe kwelivi shaft, esangenza nomlilo isitha kusukela ezinhlangothini, uma efuna ngezinkani ukuphula ngamasango.

Ngo ekumbeni kwatholakala ukuthi endaweni Ilokhi ukuthi kwavula flooring sokhuni lihlukaniswe phakathi izigodi ngazinye, okwakukhona amayadi angu avaliwe, izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene eyakhelwe-up.

Manje wazi kanjani Minsk yasungulwa. Castle (lapho, Supra.) Esimeni nokwakha kabusha kungaba omunye ezikhangayo esiyinhloko-dolobha Belarus, ngakho ake bethemba ukuthi ngokushesha lesi sakhiwo mlando kungabonakala yonke inkazimulo yayo.