Mir Inqaba e Belarus - samuntu umlando e itshe

Mir Castle itholakala edolobhaneni ezisemadolobheni of Mir. It iseningizimu Grodno esifundeni. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo yezakhiwo esiyingqayizivele uthango. Ngaphambi 1568 abanikazi babengenawo Ilyinich ke - kuze 1828 - Radziwill. Ngemva kubo, abanikazi yokuhlala Wittgenstein kuze kube ngo-1891, abanikazi lokugcina eziyinkimbinkimbi castle babe Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Emva kwalokho, i-Mir Castle, isithombe zazo kukhonjisiwe ngezansi, wadluliswa ukweneka ubunikazi.

Uhlolojikelele

Isakhiwo yezakhiwo ubhekwa izinto ngobukhulu futhi yisakhiwo sodumo kunazo zonke izibonelo abasindile yasekuqaleni gothic Republic Belarus. Mirsky isakhiwo uvala kuyinto ukuma sikwele ne izinhlangothi mayelana 75 metres ubude futhi wahlela into esiyibonisa ngezikhathi ezithile kwemibhoshongo. ukuphakama yabo - 25-27 amamitha. Ezigabeni sokuqala ukwakhiwa, owathatha iminyaka engu-4, yayakhiwe kwemibhoshongo ezine zixhunywe udonga. Mir Castle ine isakhiwo sokuqala. Towers zenziwa ngendlela nezibhebhe octagonal, ukukhwezwa yena, phezu tetrahedral. Wall height ezahlukene - ukusuka kwamamitha ayi-10 kuya ku-12. Ngecala lasentshonalanga (endleleni eya Vilna) usethe umbhoshongo ephakathi nendawo. Ngesinye isikhathi kwaba emnyango kuphela egcekeni enqabeni, kanye ejele e engaphansi kwakhe. Chapel elise esitezi isakhiwo sesibili. Kuyinto lapha phansi le Izinsimbi metal, oluvikela lokhuni kwesango.

Kwezikhathi izenzakalo

Isakhiwo yezakhiwo eyayihilelekile cishe zonke izenzakalo lempi kanye ishanelwe ngesivunguvungu esivuthayo ngesikhathi umhlaba Belarusian. Kwezikhathi iqala impi ye-Russian-Polish (1654-1667 GG.), Futhi iphela Russian-French neMpi (1812). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwesakhiwo senkolo ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ngaphansi ukulinyazwa lokuvimbezela. Ikakhulukazi inhlekelele lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kwaba eminyakeni 1665 futhi 1706. Ngaleso sikhathi yabekwa umonakalo eside. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII Mir Castle sasesisiliswa, ngo-1784 futhi ezilimele. Ngo 1812 ezindongeni eziyinkimbinkimbi castle kwakukhona impi lapho iqhaza abakhwele amahhashi Davoust (marshal French) futhi bakhulise yesibili Russian Army Platov. Kusukela ngo-1989, ngobuciko Gothic yokuqala igatsha National Art Museum of Belarus. Ekuqaleni ngekhulu xxi zenzeka umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo ezinkulu of the complex. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le isikhumbuzo yezakhiwo livulekele izivakashi. Ukuze wazi, evakashele Mir Castle kuwufanele 120 000 BYR. deda. (Mayelana 400 Russian). Ngo-2001, lesi sakhiwo yezakhiwo Museum iye yaklonyeliswa isimo ezimele.

Mir Castle: umlando

eziyinkimbinkimbi Architectural isakhiwo itshe, lakhiwa XVI-XVII cc kwenqwaba zazo. Ngokusho kweminye ososayensi nabacwaningi, ngaphambili endaweni efanayo wawusegunjini Manor noMbusi wababusi. Le nqaba lizungezwe indawo ephansi, futhi umfula ugeleza Miranka eceleni kwakhe. Usuku olunembile ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo bokwakha ayaziwa kuze kube manje. Nokho, kukhona ukusikisela ukuthi ukwakhiwa aso eqala akukho ngaphambili konyaka 1522. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke umnikazi we izindawo zendawo - Yuriy Ilyinich - uphathe ezikhona wabo nobuhlobo impahla kanye Litavorom Hreptovichem.

Kungani Simisé lesi sakhiwo?

Ososayensi namanje angeke eze ukuvumelana mayelana umnqophwakhe wekuthomeni yokwakhiwa enqabeni. Nokho, omunye ungacabanga ukuthi isakhiwo Gothic yakhelwa izizathu ukuvelela, ikakhulu uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi izwe emzaneni ngalezo zinsuku kwakubhekwa libe indawo enokuthula. Nokho, ukushuba odongeni kwezibambo zesihluthulelo (2 m phezulu futhi phansi 3 m) kanye ezintathu-ungqimba wokwakha ekhethekile okuxubile eyakhiwe ngezitini namatshe ukhombise ikhono elihle ukuzivikela ka lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi. Engxenyeni engezansi olungaphambili lwesonto kukhona izikhali cut izintuba. Esikhathini izindonga asentshonalanga nasenyakatho igalari zafakwa belwa eqinile zikaphayini isimo ezisebenza. Ngeshwa, abanikazi yokuqala yesakhiwo - Ilyinich - ukuqedela ukwakhiwa, nohlanga walo waphazanyiswa e 1568. Abanikazi entsha - Radziwill - iphrojekthi ukubuyiswa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo ukubukeka izakhiwo ezitholakala izici isici Yempucuko. umnikelo ngokukhethekile impilo ye Mir Castle owethulwa Nikolay Hristofor Orphan. Ngokutholakala umndeni Radziwill, eyinkimbinkimbi liyizinsuku esigodlweni 3 storey, elaklanywa Martin Zaborovsky.

Isiphetho lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo

Ngo 1655 isakhiwo sathathwa Cossacks eholwa Hetman Ivan Zolotarenko. Ngemva kwalokho impi neRussia, bese Elikhulu Northern neMpi cishe engu-80 baye eletha imbubhiso nokuchitha. Kuphela 30s kwekhulu XVIII kwesakhiwo senkolo ibuyiselwe, ngemva kwalokho-ke uvele main ehholo, portrait igalari futhi indawo nokudansa. Yokutakula akuyona wasindisa futhi "ingadi Italian". Ngo 1785 Mir Castle weza Korol Stanislav Agasti. Yena Yangihlaba umxhwele ubuhle kanye ukujula the umhlobiso ingaphakathi lendlu yenkosi. Ngo-1813 e-France, wafa isikhulu zokugcina ukudla ifa Radziwill umndeni - Dominik Geronim. Indodakazi yakhe - Princess Stephanie - washada Lva Vitgenshteyna. Futhi waya Mir Castle ngofuzo. Ngemva kokufa Stephanie Lev Vitgenshteyn bathuthela eJalimane. Indodana yakhe, ngokuba isikhathi engabatholi abantwana, kudlule ku kwelifa loonyana eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwo udade yayo Maria. Kodwa wayengenakukwazi ube ngumnikazi we impahla engenakususwa ngaphansi komthetho. Ngenxa yalokho, lo eziyinkimbinkimbi wathengiswa Prince Nikolay Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Umnikazi omusha uqale umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo grand.

Iminyaka yangemva kwempi

Ngemva kokujoyina i-USSR, engxenyeni esentshonalanga yendawo Belarus ngo-1939, jewel yezakhiwo zadliwa uhulumeni. Kuze 1941 kwaba wokubambisana zokukhiqiza, kanye ngesikhathi kubusa amaNazi - a ghetto amaJuda, ekamu leziboshwa zempi. Ngemva yokukhululwa Belarus kuze 1956 endaweni abantu eziyinkimbinkimbi civil wahlala. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza umhlobiso ingaphakathi lendlu yenkosi. Kusukela ngo-1947, ukwakhiwa ingaphansi Ukuvikelwa isimo.

Umklamo eziyinkimbinkimbi namuhla

Mir Castle - ke iphuzu bhá kwezinhloso zenzuzo weRiphabhulikhi Belarus ne evuthiwe ingqalasizinda izivakashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindonga wayevame izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zamasiko: jousts, imikhosi, amakhonsathi, izingqungquthela futhi ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu. Le nqaba eziyinkimbinkimbi - yezindawo ethandwa kakhulu ukuthi wavakashelwa izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe.