"Moskvich-2150", the Suv kusukela esikhathini esidlule: Ukucaciswa, izithombe

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eSoviet Union kwaba ibanga izimoto nesizotha kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa hhayi ukuntuleka noma imibono, bese isimiso sezomnotho nezombangazwe isimo. Ngakho, yasungulwa eziningana amaphrojekthi ephawulekayo izixazululo lobuchwepheshe eziphambili noma engavamile noma imishini umane yesimanje, kodwa iningi labo ungazange ungeniswe ukukhiqizwa serial. Ngokulandelako, cabangela omunye yalezi zimoto - "Moskvich-2150".

Izici

Lo mshini iyi-prototype engakaze aletha ukukhiqizwa chungechunge. Kuyinto imoto umgibeli umgwaqo compact yakhelwe MZMA esekelwe prototypes odlule futhi onobuhle ukukhiqizwa.

indaba

Njengamanje ifektri imoto izikhathi eziningana Uzame ukwakha off-road imishini. Nokho, akekho noyedwa amaphrojekthi ungazange yazuza impumelelo. Okulandelayo ngumlando ukuthuthukiswa zalezi zimoto.

"Moskvitch 410", 411

Ngo-1957, ngesisekelo onobuhle compact 402 kanye 407 zakhiwa MZMA-ezidonsa izimoto "Moskvich-410" futhi 411 e-sedan futhi enqoleni ngokulandelana. Kusukela imishini yasekuqaleni bamukela isakhiwo support komzimba, okuyinto nakakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ushintshe chassis futhi powertrain. Bridges sithathelwe indawo ezibophayo kakhulu ezimele phambi ukumiswa - engaphansi, telescopic ukushaqeka wezinciphisi - isigwedlo, setha icala yokudlulisa. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka imoto umgibeli nge imvume umhlabathi 220 mm, uyakwazi fording afika ku 0.3 m ukujula. Lezi imishini asethwe kohlaka elithole ngesikhathi uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa analogue Suv ukhululekile, okwethulwa wonke-wheel drive umgibeli onobuhle.

"Muscovite-410" futhi 411 ligcwaliswe GAS-M72, yakhelwe kanye imizila efanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, isivivinyo kwamaphutha abalulekile zihlonzwe. Ngakho, umzimba kwenzakala ezinzima ngokwanele, futhi ukudluliswa icala - alithembekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imoto kwaba kubonakala kuphatheke kabuhlungu kakhulu ngenxa ukumiswa elukhuni futhi ukudluliswa ezinomsindo. Ekugcineni, thina waveza nokuntengantenga nokuphathwa nzima. Lokhu kwakubangelwa incompatibilities amayunithi esetshenziswa. Yesimanje Wazizwa ungakhululekile, futhi ezisuselwa kulesi abaklami MZMA waphetha ngokuthi akunakwenzeka ukwakha wonke-wheel drive ugibele imoto ku chassis ejwayelekile, nakuba igesi uzoqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sikhwama.

"Moskvich-415", 416

Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuthuthukisa MZMA chassis ngamanye imoto off-road. Futhi lowo mnyaka sidale "Moskvich-415". Kusukela prototypes odlule ukuthi lokhu kwakuhluke ngokuyinhloko khona uzimele Spar, ahlinzeke isisindo kancane futhi amandla enkulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. PPC ngokuhlanganiswa icala yokudlulisa. Ukumiswa ukusebenziswa iphrojekthi 410. Ekuthuthukiseni umklamo igxile Willys. imishini futhi efanayo kakhulu umqondo jikelele: kokubili kukhona icwecwe Uhlaka SUV ukukhulisa design lula. In the version yaseSoviet yokuthuthela izingxenye esetshenziswa iningi imishini ye-serial MZMA.

Ngo-1960 waletha "Moskvich-416", obonisa eziyisithupha enezihlalo gumbi layout (415 imodeli kwaba enezihlalo ezine) nomzimba avaliwe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, motor ukuqala indawo nge-M-408. Nokho, naphezu design yimpumelelo kakhulu, lezi zimoto kungukuthi yazuza okwandile. Lokhu kwaba izizathu ngenxa ezintathu. Okokuqala, umshini engakaze esikalini Ministry of umkhakha. Okwesibili, amandla zalesi sihlahla kwakufanele ezithwele ngokugcwele. Okwesithathu, wakhonza njengephayona isisekelo onobuhle kubhekwa izimoto 410 kanye 411 ngesikhathi lakhishwa ukukhiqizwa, ngakho ukusetshenziswa imininingwane yabo balahlekelwa nenzuzo.

"Moskvich-2148", 2150

Nokho, "Moskvich-415" futhi 416 asetshenziswe ekuthuthukiseni imoto "Moskvich-2150", futhi 2148, okwethulwa 1973, imishini elakheka ngaphakathi isimo iphrojekthi okunethezeka Suv compact ukuze izakhamuzi sigodi, lapho kade izimbangi Iz-14 futhi Vaz-2121. Entsha sibonelo izimoto "Moskvich" (AZLK) ohlanganisiwe nge imodeli e 2140, ngaleso sikhathi kusalungiselelwa ukuze ukukhiqizwa. Ubude eyakhelwe ngezimoto ezimbili, enophahla ngesandla esiqinile (2150), omunye - ne ngendwangu (2148). Kusukela prototypes 415 kanye 416 "Moskvich-2150" futhi 2148 wathola luhlaka Spar, oluvala amasondo eqinile iziphethu stiffer, nokunye. D. Ngenxa yalokhu, AZLK kuphela ethulwa Suv imiklamo zakudala kusukela mncintiswano. Injini wathatha phezu "Moskvich-412", kodwa ilungisiwe ngokunciphisa isilinganiso kokucindezelwa.

ukuhlolwa imoto "Moskvich-2150" yayiqhutshwa. idrayivu Test ngaphakathi kubo yabonisa engu- okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, amaphutha sezihlonziwe futhi ukwakhiwa.

Kunoma ikuphi, ekukhiqizweni Vaz waya nge umklamo ngokunethezeka, isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi futhi ezintsha. Kukholakala ukuthi AZLK iphrojekthi inqatshelwe ngenxa yezombusazwe. Noma kunjalo, ngiyabonga kusakhiwo classical, owawungumnyaka prototype yemoto "Moskvich", nobuntu ibutho laso amehlo. Nokho AZLK awunawo izinsiza ukusungula udaba 2150 futhi 2148, ngakho-ke, eMnyango Wezokuvikela ahlelile bonyana nesimanje Kineshma legatsha ukwenziwa yaminyaka yonke izinkulungwane 60. Imishini enjalo. Nokho, lo msebenzi akazange athathe indawo, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo yini uxhaso.

Ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kwesizini e 2150, futhi ngo-2148 waqala ukuthuthukisa Suv nge ukumiswa ezimele nezinye izinto ezisunguliwe eziphathelene lobuchwepheshe. Nokho, inqubo kwaphazanyiswa kakade 1975 ngokuqondene ukufa omunye abaklami, ngokukhethekile kule Suv. Kulesi umsebenzi ngale ndaba ( "Moskvich") AZLK waphenduka.

Kwaze kwaba sengxenyeni 80 yesibili. ngaphakathi enkampanini bebelokhu iziphakamiso ukuvuselelwa iphrojekthi 2150 (2148), kodwa ngesikhathi yonke imithombo zalesi sihlahla, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, babematasa.

Ngenxa yalokho, wahlala 2 amakhophi imoto "Moskvich-2150". SUV yesikhathi esidlule liyalondolozwa zombili izinguqulo. Ziyakwazi Retro imoto Museum. Ngokuqondene prototypes odlule, omunye yaziwa lokusinda "Moskvich-415S" futhi umzimba 415 imoto sibonelo "Moskvich". Photo 2150 ayetfulwanga kahle kakhulu, kuyilapho ezinye izinguqulo babe izithombe ikakhulukazi ezigciniwe.

umzimba

Imoto amelwe emithathu umnyango umzimba embodiments, kanzima futhi phezulu ezithambile (babuka bese Chaise ngokulandelana). Eyesibili imoto ifakwe bar roll. Kuqhathaniswa odlule prototypes kabusha eklanyelwe. Bobabili zimoto egoqekayo umnyango izibambo futhi footrests ngezansi umnyango ngamunye. Kulokhu, lo kokuhlanganisayo babe zangaphandle. 2150 ifakwe ngokuhambisa amafasitela (e 2148 kwakukhona eyodwa kuphela ucezu somoya). Yokukhanya, ngaphandle basukela 412 imodeli kanye nenombolo ye-serial ipuleti okukhanyisa adjustable, lathathwa GAS-66. Wiper iyiswe phansi ingilazi, ngokungafani odlule prototypes izimoto "Moskvich". Izithombe ukukhombisa umehluko phakathi izinguqulo. On izimoto kubhekwe amathangi amabili fuel 60 L nhlangothi zombili zomzimba litholakele. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ngendlela engavamile ibekwe isondo eliyisipele: ingxenye ezingemuva esandleni sokudla. Lokhu kwakwenzelwa ukuba lula ukusetshenziswa umnyango emuva, njengoba inikeza ukufinyelela hhayi kuphela egumbini imithwalo, kodwa futhi sikanye ke angaphakathi, kanye ukugwema nokuwohloka yayo ngaphansi umthwalo kusukela amasondo.

Abadali ukusebenza okubhekwe ukuthi wenziwe ngayo imoto ezimweni ezinzima zasemakhaya lapho N inkonzo abanekhono, ngakho nje umklamo walo ayezama ukuqiniseka ukuthi kuba lula konke okusemandleni futhi engeyona inkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke senza 6 kuphela Lubrication amaphuzu.

Ubukhulu Sekukonke kukhona m 3,615 eside, 1,626 m ububanzi kanye 1.85 m ukuphakama. Wheelbase kuyinto 2,27 m, ukulandelela womabili ama-eksisi -. 1,27 m ezimbili zokugcina imingcele zandile kuqhathaniswa chassis kokuqala. Ukunqanda isisindo - 1.05 wamathani.

Ngenxa Inzuzo enkulu phezu izimbangi Abadali waphawula firmer futhi iqine isakhiwo Uhlaka wemoto "Muscovite-2150". EU.SSR Avtolegendy phakathi SUV, ezifana Gaz-69, UAZ-469, kanye nezwe nozakwabo we sikhathi, kwadingeka amacebo afanayo. Vaz-2121 kusukela lo mbono kwaba imoto engcono.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami igcile kahle ngokuphathelene izinto ukwenziwa imishini edingekayo 1/3 ye inani UAZ-469 metal.

injini

Ngokungafani onobuhle 415 kanye 416, phezu "Moskvich-2150" efakwe injini M-412. kancane kwakhe Ushintshe, wehlise zlib isilinganiso ukuze 7.25 ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa 76 uphethiloli emaphandleni. Lokhu carburetor 4 cylinder powerplant 1.5 litre ne 2 valve per cylinder eba 75 l. a. amandla at 5800 vol. / iminithi futhi 111,8 Nm torque at 3800 rev. / imiz.

Exhaust uhlelo eyenziwa eceleni uhlangothi lomkhumbi lwesandla sokudla. ukupholisa uhlelo emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni kuyinto ezihambisanayo. Injini ifakwe kokuqala preheater.

ukudluliswa

Imoto ifakwe 4-ngesivinini transmission ibhukwana.

Njenganoma kumaphrojekthi wangaphambilini, kusakhiwo wahlala yakudala wonke-wheel drive, "Moskvich-2150" ixhunywe ngaphambili oluvala amasondo. Kuze kube yimanje, kwelinye icala nge ukudluliswa ifakwe ukudluliswa icala 2-speed. Ukuze imishini ezengeziwe (ngamawinji, amaphampu, nokunye. D.) Ukuvumela Pheqa ikhasi therefrom. Bridges - angakavunwa nge elintantayo ngokugcwele oluvala amasondo imiphini. Engemuva ukushelela umehluko has ukukhiya omuhle.

Izimbangi unenye ephelele drive isikimu.

chassis

umklamo ibhanoyi cishe ingashintshiwe lathathwa prototype 415 futhi 416. kuphela anda ithrekhi futhi isondo base ukuqina anda. Bobabili ukumiswa - ku ezimbili longitudinal semi elliptic leaf iziphethu. Ziphethe isimame nemigoqo.

Imvume 220 mm.

Mshini eziqondisa has a isakhiwo hybrid nge roller worm ne ikamu double.

Amabhuleki - sigubhu kuwo wonke amasondo amane.

namasondo angu 15-inch kuthiwa kokuzihlanganisa amasondo kanye amathayi off-road. Ogibele ibhola amabombo, ukuze azungeze velocities ezahlukene emincane.

Ngokulinganayo sina classical off-road ukwakhiwa ukumiswa ngenxa yokuthi imoto wadala ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima. Lokhu kwaba umehluko oyinhloko encintisana ukuthi une-phambi ukumiswa ezimele.

ingaphakathi

Umshini ophethe abantu 6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyelela izihlalo ezingemuva ngokusebenzisa ezingemuva olulodwa-leaf iminyango kanye tailgate nge footrest. Izihlalo eziphambili babe ukulungiswa longitudinal eyodwa kuphela. Engemuva ethulwa amabhentshi double esemgwaqweni amabhodi. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana isakhiwo lathathwa "Moskvich-416", futhi lalisetshenziselwa version evulekile 2148. Ngaphambili iphaneli waba izakhi zokuphepha yekwentiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikholomu ayo kwaba egoqekayo. Kwesokudla ngaphesheya umgibeli isibambo esihlalweni-agibele amahhashi.

Izihlalo ezingemuva abe double ukusonga isiguqo ukuze sandise isikhala wezimpahla.

ukusebenza ukushayela

ngesivinini esiphezulu "Muscovite-2150", futhi 2148 kuyinto 105 km / ihora (120 km / h ku neminye imininingwane). Izivivinyo baye babonisa ukuthi uqiniseka ukuhambisa ezinengilazi ehlukahlukene (isihlabathi, ubumba, ovula) futhi bakwazi ukunqoba ezibukweni 0.6 m ukujula. I amasheya ukukhwezelwa 120 l siswele km kuka-500. Imishini bakwazi zathi trailer nesisindo 0.35 m.