Museum of Architecture: ngezithombe nokubuyekeza. State Museum of Architecture okuthiwa A. V Schuseva

iminyuziyamu Russian ezibonisa umlando nesamanje wezwe lakithi. Lokhu bakwenza ziphephile hhayi kuphela, kodwa isimo sazo. Ngalo mqondo, kuba ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo kokuba Vozdvizhenka e Moscow Museum of Architecture - indawo surreal i isivakashi abavamile. Ongoti (noma nje abantu abahlobene umklamo "uthole-ndawonye" ezinye isihlobo) uzokutshela ukuthi elinye lamathuba angcono kakhulu emzini, ngoba lapha eqoqwe eziningi zobuciko, has a ingobo yomlando ocebile izakhiwo amaSoviet nasemakamu aseRussia.

umlando Museum

Kukhona Museum kusukela ngo-1934, nakuba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kukhona isidingo sokudala ke. Kwasebenza (wamnika zomlando wabo) ochwepheshe phezulu ithiyori, kwenta umlando izakhiwo. "Ukuphumula" lapha zezingubo izimbangi ngemibono esidlule - kukhona ifayela izakhiwo ERussia yasendulo, eqoqwe Petrom Baranovskim, UMvuseleli okukhulu, kanye imidwebo, wenziwa Ivanom Leonidovym, edumile Yabantu Commissariat yephrojekthi Red Square. Uma isikole kazwelonke wayengomunye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni.

A. V Schusev

A. V Schusev, egama layo linguJehova Museum of Architecture, kuyinto titan emkhakheni wezobuciko. Bakhandwa adalwe Mausoleum kukaLenin, kanye eziningi zezakhiwo yisakhiwo sodumo i-USSR. Shchusev kuyinto umqalisi kuvulwa iphrofayili Museum ngo-1934, etholakala ku-Academy of Architecture. Alexey, lapho ngo-1946, ngesikhathi ukwesekwa akhe asebenzayo Museum uvele on Vozdvizhenka, nabo baba umqondisi walo wokuqala (kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1949). Museum of bokwakha kakade ngesikhathi Shchusev nguye kuphela ngaleso sikhathi maphakathi kwedolobha kanye izakhiwo ukuze isimo ucwaningo lwesayensi.

kumiswa izimali

Ukwakhiwa izimali waqala ngo-1934. Ngaphansi kwalezi, ziphephile ezilandelayo nezindawo wokuphikisana nenkolo Art Museum (esikhathini kusuka ngo-1929 kuya 1934) zidluliselwe: isakhiwo kanye Insimu Donskoy Monastery, umhlangano iconography ahlukahlukene, izinto zesonto, kobufundisi izambatho, amasango ongcwele.

Izimali ku-yalolucwaningo 1930-40 kakhulu agcwaliswa. Fragments yomlando zathathwa zendawo. 1930 - kwenkathi ukubhujiswa nokuhlushwa kwala ukutjhatjalaliswa izakhiwo mlando. Esikhathini Museum, ngaphandle ezihlukahlukene ekhaya impahla zezakhiwo lasendulo zidluliselwe.

Ngo-1946, ubunikazi wayiswa zezakhiwo ezindala ifa (kwekhulu le-18) talyzinykh-Ustinov. ilungiselelo yabo ku Vozdvizhenka, e ukusondela ukuba ezibiyele, uthi gentility abanikazi wangaphambili. It engena eziyinkimbinkimbi Manor futhi "Chamber of yokudla" - isikhumbuzo ezingavamile yezakhiwo kwekhulu le-17, okuyinto Refectory Apothecary egcekeni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, esitezi sesibili kwaba isakhiwo itshe overbuilt, elakhiwa ngo-1676.

Umuntu eduze umphakathi Museum, siphawula ukuthi Museum zomlando, ogama izakhiwo ithakazelisa kakhulu, cishe engu-20 edlule, ahlangabezana nobunzima kakhulu, ngoba uma umhlangano endaweni idluliselwe Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ngo-1991, Donskoy Monastery. Yonke leminyaka, wahlala nje space sombukiso, njengoba cishe wonke amaqoqo agcinwe kule vaults.

Kuvulwa embukisweni unomphela

umcimbi esingokomfanekiso kwenzeka muva, 19 Juni 2012. Ingabe mbobo Museum ukuchayeka njalo. Ukuze ubone isethulo into eyingqayizivele, izakhamuzi kuwo wonke umuzi zathuthelekela isakhiwo embukisweni. Lapha uqala isivakashi abavamile ukuba surrealism.

Architecture Museum itholakala ku enkabeni yedolobha, in a big esigodlweni talyzinykh, izakhiwo eyaqala ngekhulu le-18. Lihlanganisa nekamelo Manor, ngokuthi "Ukuchitha", kanti isakhiwo wekhulu le-17, lapho i-oda Apothecary. Phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ezintathu kuyinto EGCEKENI elincane futhi kwaguqulwa for embukisweni.

Incazelo Museum

Into yokuqala uzobona, kanye lapha - a Amahhovisi yokubeka engenabantu central yokwamukela izivakashi awunalutho. umbukwane curious kakhulu izigcinamagugu ngezinye izikhathi Russian. Isivakashi, ngethemba nowokwambulelwa ezithakazelisayo lathumela, ngokucijile antante phansi esikhwelweni esigodlweni yesibili - kanti luhlukene Wonderland. Kuyakhombisa infinity wonke suite amahholo ezingenalutho, sengathi kubonakala esibukweni elikhulu.

Ihaba amakamero la makhulu ezingenalutho, lapho kukhona Museum isimo izakhiwo: ayikho into khona kodwa hung enhle ezindongeni ziphephile, ezifana izithombe amatiyetha ngengqondo wamaRoma. Ngokwe-isivakashi abavamile, ngakho namuhla angabukeka imfashini yobuciko, okuyinto eMoscow, futhi ngakho baningi kangaka, kodwa hhayi main ucwaningo izwe isikhungo kanye Museum yezakhiwo. Nokho, ngesithakazelo, kungabonwa izindondo sculpted, uphahla Umdwebo ophahleni, usimende cornices, imifanekiso okusezingeni eliphezulu, izindonga ezenziwe ngemabula yokufakelwa. Kodwa esigodlweni Interiors Museum wathola kanye isakhiwo. Zisese phakathi nekhulu lama-20 usubuyiselwe futhi ababhekwa, efana, ziphephile.

umbukiso ehlukile

amahholo amabili amakhulu Juni 19, 2012 sezibekwe ngaphansi embukisweni unomphela. It yakhelwe ukuze afanekisele nokuzalwa kabusha kuka-lokhu Museum. manje Sikhuluma kube nombukiso elihle - imodeli (ngokhuni) Big ezibiyele Palace, okuyinto namuhla isakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. It yadalwa ngasekuqaleni 1770, ethunywe uCatherine II Vasiliem Bazhenovym. isakhiwo ubude 17 amamitha. Kuyinto enkulu kangangokuba, kuhle, adinga inkundla ahlukene: e okungenhla ezimbili amahholo Museum kuphela izingcezwana eziyizinsalela, siqala umxhwele kakhulu.

ukugxekwa

Namuhla emiphakathini ezikhethekile mpikiswano esishubile mayelana nesimo samanje Museum, kodwa abelana ezinkulumo zakhe kanye nemibukiso e imvelo lochwepheshe namanje baziswa. Thina ngeke umbono ongavamile, isivakashi-non-professional leyo awunazo abasebenzi, izakhiwo kanye nemishini. Lezi zinkinga zonke kucace kangaka, babangela uzwela ngobuqotho kuphela. Kodwa isivakashi unake uzophawula eziningana simbe, nge iphuzu "wezimali" umbono, imininingwane edabukisayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, kwenqatshelwe ifotho isakhiwo Bazhenov. ukuvinjelwa yesigaba - ngokuba akukho pay, ngisho ocingweni. Abasebenzi abakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani, ithi ngakho wamisa. Nakuba aliveza blog zonke isithombe kungabangela izivakashi ezimbalwa lapha, futhi ukukhokhelwa ngoba - engeza ebhokisini ehhovisi abampofu emnyuziyamu kancane imali.

Ayikwazi zingachazwa ngezinqubo nokuntengantenga komnotho, kungani into ihlelwe kahle oludala Apothecary "abaklami yokudlela", okuyinto, eqinisweni, yokudlela sushi; kungani umoya isimo "ehlotshisiwe" olungaphambili lwesonto, futhi phambi ukubaza yakudala ebonisa indlela amabhubesi, kukhona yokupaka kuvulandi. Bas, ngifobela insimu yalo kunalokho nemiyalezo - bokuntuleka kwezimali, isikhala.

D. S. Hmelnitsky, umcwaningi bokwakha, wagxeka Museum bikho yiluphi uhlobo ukuthi systematized ulwazi mayelana nezimali namaqoqo (ngo-1991 yanyatheliswa ikhathalogi zokugcina thematic), kanye nenqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lokufinyelela labacwaningi nezazi-mlando ezinqolobaneni. Melnikov Museum kuyinto igatsha moire. resonance Omkhulu ehlobo lika-2014 ebangele lesi simo nge Ukungena kwabasebenzi bayo ngokungabi bikho owalandela Melnikov, ohlala khona.

Museum Foundation

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe ezikhethekile lokuqala kuphela izakhiwo Russian. Kodwa izikhulu eqoqwe materials imiklamo yesimanje kanye izindaba, ukuthatha izithombe, okwenza izilinganiso, bacubungula sokutjhugulula nokuthuthukisa inqubomgomo ezisemadolobheni. Ngenxa yalokho we eMoscow Architecture Museum eqoqwe fund omkhulu, okuyinto namuhla cishe zonke kusuka izithombe wesimanje plinfy St Sophia, kusukela imibhalo design ezahlukene izakhiwo ukuze obukhulu kuzo imishini yokwakha.

Idiphozithi Isikhwama

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Isikhwama maphakathi no-1980 ungeze iqoqo elingenakuqhathaniswa. Kuyinto ingobo yomlando Baranovskogo Petra Dmitrievicha, i ngumbuyiseli ovelele kanye umklami nenkathi yamaSoviet. Kusukela ngo-1984, leli fayela cishe hhayi uphenyo - akwanele isikhathi ochwepheshe. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe namaqoqo kancane-uphenyo emhlabeni utawufundza izizukulwane eziningi ososayensi.

Ngo-1990, kuye kufike isikhathi sokuhlupheka, okuyinto libhekene kusese eMoscow Museum of Architecture. Namuhla, lo msebenzi eyinhloko - ukuxazulula inkinga ophuthumayo ukuchayeka. Isivakashi namanje Akekho owaziyo njengoba nobukhulu ukuthi igcwele iqoqo Museum, ecinga ukuxoxelwa indaba yakhe nezincwajana.

Ukuklanywa Kwazo Nokutholakala Life Museum

Ukujwayeleka nesiko kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Uma unesithakazelo bokwakha, singa ukweluleka ukuthi uvakashele i-Museum of Folk Architecture Nokuphila, etholakala edolobhaneni Pond eBelarus. Esichasiselweni kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Folk Architecture Nokuphila Museum eyokwenza ujwayelane izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye nokuphathwa, izindawo zokukhulekela, ezakhiweni zomphakathi. Yena idale ukuphila ongumlimi we-19 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.