Negesi jet: ukuthi isebenza kanjani, lapho yasungulwa? Isibani Street ne Jets ezimbili igesi

Umlando okusungulwe abantu uya isandla ekuthuthukiseni ekuthuthukeni kwabantu nasekulethweni embonini wonkana. umlando nokuBusa ka ezinqoleni zamahhashi kanye ukukhanyisa ikhandlela iminyaka engaba ikhulu ezintathu siye savela ngokushesha, edlula kwezinye izigaba eziphakathi. Ngo ukuvela ukukhanyisa kuleli qophelo phakathi yokuxhuma ithoshi endala nge-Edison isibani waba jet igesi. Okwamanje nguyena inhlangano etemibhalo nge uVictoria England nase-Romagna. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izibani igesi ngowokuqala uvele kulelivekati.

Lapho eqhamukela?

Negesi jet ukweleta kwaqala Filippu Lebonu - unjiniyela French kanye semvelo. Ngo 1790 wathatha izinqubo ziphuzo zazihluzwa izinkuni ezomile. Ukuhlaziya okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, usosayensi othile waphonsa e ingilazi jar nedlanzana omisiwe chips izinkuni. Ngakho Lebon labelwe igesi, okuyinto ashisa ilangabi elikhanyayo yayikhona intuthuko engatheni, eyedlula kude etholakalayo ngosuku amadivayisi ukukhanyisa.

Okwesikhathi esithile, uPhilippe Lebon bazama igesi amasha, futhi ngokushesha lobunikazi kangakanani lokhu ayekutholile. Usuku, lapho kwakukhona jet igesi (Yiqiniso, owokuqala bakudala), futhi ubhekwa ingqophamlando empilweni igesi ukukhanyisa. Kodwa ngaphambi ukwethulwa izibani ezintsha zezimboni wahlala Kwacishe kwaphela ikhulu leminyaka.

ukukhiqizwa yezimboni

Ingxenye kwekhulu XIX yesibili libhekene njengoba intuthuko yomhlaba wonke zezimboni kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe. okusungulile ahlala isikhathi eside - igesi isibani - lithole ukuphila yesibili. Isayensi iye babuyela umbono ukusetshenziswa igesi ukukhanyisa.

Umqondo usebenzisa igesi babasa ezitaladini kwakungekaNkulunkulu senkosi yamaNgisi uGeorge IV, futhi ngaleso sikhathi inkosi yase-Wales. Le gesi jet lokuqala lalibizwa ovuthayo e sokuhlala kwakhe Carlton House. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva - ku 1807 - izibani igesi ukhanyisé uPáll Mall. Lo mgwaqo British ngangimatasa kakhulu futhi kuyakhandla kungaqedwa control traffic kakade ngalezo zinsuku. UPáll Mall kwaba mgwaqo wokuqala emhlabeni, okwakubekelwa ovuthayo nge gas.

Phezu kokuba idivaysi igesi-jet kwakuyingozi ngempela - ilitha igesi kokushiya ukuphela olungavikelekile ipayipi igesi. Ngokushesha ukuvikela sikaphalafini kwakhiwa ithunzi lelambu lensimbi izimbobo eziningana. Ngu-1819 ngoba ukukhanya inhlokodolobha British sabekwa 288 angu-gas ipayipi enikezela gas phezu ayizinkulungwane. 50 Lights. London wasiphakamisa isinyathelo nezinye izikhungo yezimboni. Eminyakeni eyishumi elandelayo, iningi izikwele emaphakathi kanye Emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni eziyinhloko zaseYurophu kakade ehlanganiswa igesi. izibani Kindle esiphathiswe abantu abaqeqeshiwe - the Lamplighter.

Lokhu umsebenzi lasendulo futhi enodumo yayingelona anobungozi - izibani ngokuvamile yamila, ukulimaza abanye. Noma kunjalo, abafisa ukufaka ukuphila kwawo engozini nsukuzonke kwaba impela eningi - lamplighters yavuzwa Treasury London futhi kwadingeka ukubukwa ezinhle yempesheni uma kwenzeka ingozi.

Dvurozhkovy lantern

Standard igesi jet sekwande ngempela - it is ngempumelelo esetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni ebusuku. ELondon, ngisho lantern wamiswa nge Jets ezimbili igesi. It wasetshenziselwa ngesikhathi inkungu ekhasa kusihlwa futhi ebusuku. Ukukhanya kusukela igesi kule isibani sidlula ingilazi amaKhaladi kabili traffic imiyalo isilawuli, ngaphandle okuyinto traffic matasa nezinqola nabagibeli kebov babefika ngokuphelele kumile.

Njengoba ubona, elula dvurozhkovy lantern kwaba sibonelo traffic yesimanje. Ngalo ngempumelelo lokulawula ukunyakaza emasontweni amane. Kodwa-ke isibani yamila, futhi kuvele ukuqhuma zabulala iphoyisa. Iziphathimandla waseBritish dolobha experiment dvurozhkovymi izibani, kwanqunywa ukuba ayeke.

isizukulwane sesibili

Ukuzalwa kabusha igesi jet babe ngo-1886. Lo mshini omusha kwaba ngaphandle izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana kusuka nomngane wakhe wakudala - bekhanyise isiketekete. Inkampani Auer isisindo yomthetho idivayisi ukukhanyisa, futhi isikhathi eside, wabizwa ngokuthi "uqhwaku Auer".

Ngakusasa ukukhanyisa esiteji ukuthuthukiswa imishini kwaba kokusungulwa, enelungelo lobunikazi e-1890. Izibani Auer Von Welsbach wanika umhlaba ukuze aphuphuthekise ukukhanya okumhlophe, akusho ukuya ngokuqinile nanoma ikuphi ukuqhathaniswa ne izibani yesikhathi esidlule. umphumela Excellent enikeziwe ngenxa ekushayweni esikhipha ne-carbon izinhlayiya ezincane, okuyinto wayekhona imikhiqizo amandla omlilo nokulibaziseka kugridi heater.

Ukusebenzisa emisha kuye kwanciphisa ukusakazeka kwezindaba izindlela zesintu ukukhanyisa izindlu: amakhandlela gone namabhodlela zezikrini ngazo fireplaces, futhi kukhiqizwe izibani edumile uwoyela aqala ukuncipha kancane. Yonke into ikhomba yokuthi inkathi ukukhanya yayiswa ezingeni elisha ukuthuthukiswa.

ukuthuthukiswa Auer

Ngenxa patent umklamo entsha igesi jet e 1892 waba ayitholwa okukhethekile Auer. I yephathenti jet igesi design entsha kuzovumela abakhiqizi ngempumelelo ukuthuthukisa inethiwekhi yayo abamele e Old and New World, ungakhohlwa emakhoneni akude kakhulu zomhlaba. Auer onjiniyela akagcinanga lapho futhi waqhubeka esebenza inkinga ukusetshenziswa igesi izakhiwo kulelikhaya nangezinjongo ezimbonini. In parallel ukusabalala ukuphathwa inkampani ukukhanyisa sika bacabangisise inkinga Ukushisa. Kuyinto ngenxa ukudlulisela komunye legatsha inkampani usephendukele nge boom kagesi futhi ihlala omunye kunazo zonke ubunjiniyela igesi emhlabeni.

Negesi kukhanyisa ugesi

Ekuqaleni kwawo-the XIX futhi XX eminyaka, igesi ukukhanyisa kwakuthé chithi saka emizini Old and Imihlaba okusha. Kwakubonakala sengathi usuku lapho yasungulwa igesi izimpondo, kwaba inkathi yoshintsho ekuphileni kwesintu. Noma kunjalo, ilanga selishonile gaslight pretty masinyane: ukuba esikhundleni ilangabi legesi Yavela-ke eyokuqala kagesi ukukhanyisa amadivaysi. Okokuqala, izinguquko ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni, izibani igesi bese kancane kancane adiliza emizini yabazalwane kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi. Okwamanje, izibani fancy igesi inkathi kungabonwa kuphela iminyuziyamu enikelwe esidlule amadolobha futhi uthi inkathi elikude, isibonelo ngesikhathi German Technical Museum (eJalimane) noma eMnyuziyamu Gaz de France (France).