Boyar tvoix rukax - a oyinganekwane. Indaba yokuphila ka-boyar tvoix rukax

Boyar tvoix rukax ingenye ubuntu Russian owaziwa owashiya yabo emlandweni wombuso. Lona wesifazane kwaba Esivelele singesabi futhi enenkani, kungcono walilwela ngempela izimiso zakhe nemibono. Ukuphuza Boyarynya edidayo, othile ke oshiseka ethafeni, balungele ukuya ukufa, kodwa wayengeke alulahle izinkolelo zabo, kwabanye kuyindaba lenhlonipho nobuqotho ukumelana layo ukholo yokutholwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa - a oyinganekwane, futhi sibonga Umdwebo Surikov ukukhumbula izindaba tvoix rukax kuyoba ngisho kuka kwesinye isizukulwane.

Umsuka Boyarina tvoix rukax

Prokopievna uTheodosius wazalwa Meyi 21, 1632 eMoscow, uyise - Sokovnin Procopius Fedorovich - kwaba courtier wayeyisici isihlobo nenkosikazi yakhe yokuqala ka Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Mariey Ilinichnoy. noblewoman Ikusasa wayephakathi yizikhonzi ababehamba indlovukazi. Eminyakeni 17 ka uTheodosius washada tvoix rukax Gleba Ivanovicha. Umyeni wakhe wayengekho umelele umndeni ezihloniphekayo, ubekade behlobene umndeni Romanovs, eduze eMoscow, ayenakho mansion zikanokusho Zyuzin kokuthi umalume Prince futhi wakhonza njengephayona isikhwama yenkosi ingalali. UMfoweth 'Gleb, uBoris, wayecebe kakhulu. Washona ngo-1662, kanye nenzalo yena zangakwazi, zonke wadlula oyisihlobo.

Ingcebo ithonya Boyarina

Ngemva kokufa Gleb Ivanovich isimo bobabili laba bafowethu iba ezincane Ivan Glebovich indodana Gleb, futhi uTheodosius, futhi umphathi langempela ingcebo kuba unina. Indaba yokuphila ka-boyar tvoix rukax ithakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba lona wesifazane kwakudingeke imibono yabo mayelana nokuphila. UTheodosius Prokopievna zibalwa Boyarina ihhashi, yaba nethonya elikhulu, kwakuthandeka inkosi. ingcebo saso sasingeke umona kuphela: noblewoman kwadingeka izigodi eziningana, kodwa yena esezinzile emzaneni Zyuzin, okuyinto usethe ikhaya lakho imodeli Western. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba inxuluma zikanokusho kunazo.

Boyar tvoix rukax tinkhombandlela ayisishiyagalombili (!) Izinkulungwane serfs, kuphela endlini yakhe kwakukhona izisebenzi ezingaba ngu-300. Ngo Feodosiya kwaba Umqeqeshi smart, futhi ehlotshiswe yamatshe esiliva, wayevame uhamba, usetshenziswe ukuba nomsizi wakhe eyisithupha, noma ngisho nambili amahhashi nge kugedlezela ngamaketanga. Phakathi boyarynya uhambo ephelezelwa netisebenti letidvuna mayelana 100, ukuvikela ke ekuhlaselweni. Morozov ngalezo zinsuku sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi cishe lowo muntu kunabo bonke eMoscow.

A umsekeli walokhu Omdala Engakholwa ukholo

Boyar tvoix rukax khona umsekeli oshisekayo ukholo ubudala. Wayehlale enozwelo abampofu isiwula ongcwele, Banike ukwabelwa isipho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endlini yakhe ngokuvamile bahlangana abalandeli Amakholwa Old ukuthandaza emhlabeni canons zasendulo Old Engakholwa imifanekiso. Lo mama sisondelene avvakum, umlweli ukholo ubudala, awazange aqonde izinguquko ka uMphathi weSonto Nikon.

Yena wayegqoke ihembe izinwele, ukuthi ngaleyo ndlela "ukuze zilawule le inyama." Nokho kwakungafanele uHabakuki tvoix rukax engajabule wayikhuthaza ukuba likhiphe amkhipha amehlo, njengoba kwenza Mastridiya ukuze uzivikele nezilingo uthando. Futhi umpristi wakhuza boyarynya e encane esiza abantulayo, ngoba uma isimo sakhe kabi ayezokwazi kakhulu kuhle abantu abaningi abadinga usizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uTheodosius Nokho, futhi kwakunjalo okholweni ubudala, wavakashela ibandla isiko elisha, okuyinto samenza ababathembi phezu ingxenye emthethweni.

ukungalaleli tvoix rukax

Le nkosi yayazi ngezinkolelo Boyarina ihhashi, futhi ukuziphatha okufana akakuthandanga ke. UTheodosius kugwenywe isonto kanye nemicimbi yomphakathi, lona wesifazane wayengenayo ngisho ahambele umshado wesekela Alexei Mikhailovich, ethi wayegula kakhulu. Inkosi ngazo zonke izindlela esezama ukuthonya boyarynya yisijaka, thumela ngenjongo kuye nezihlobo zakhe ukuthi wacebisa nowesifazane wathonyelwa ukuba abe nesimo ukholo olusha, kodwa kwaba konke ngeze: tvoix rukax wayemi yedwa. Bambalwa wayazi njengoba wabiza Boyar tvoix rukax ngemva kwezithembiso ngesikhathi Amakholwa Old. Owesifazane wathatha ngasese futhi ithole igama elisha - UTheodore, okufakazela imvelo yayo ukuthi Uyanamathela okholweni ubudala.

Indlovukazi Maria Ilinichna eside abelokhu evalelekile intukuthelo yenkosi, kanye nesikhundla eliphezulu Boyarina ayivunyelwe lapha ngakho nje ukuze ajezise wakhe, kodwa ukubekezela Alexei Mikhailovich yabhujiswa. Kusihlwa, Novemba 16, 1671 ku tvoix rukax, Archimandrite Joachim eze umabhalane umkhandlu uHilarion. Lendlu wawuyizingalo, nodadewabo Princess Boyarina Urusova. Uyabahlonipha yakho izivakashi uTheodosius futhi Eudocia sengilele lihleli waphendula kwafika imibuzo. Ngemva imibuzo abesifazane ngamaketanga kwesokunxele eboshelwe endlini. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, Morozov uthuthwa kuqala Izimangaliso, sabe Pskov-Caves Monastery.

Ngemva ejele Boyarina wafa yindodana ewukuphela kwayo, u-Ivan, abazalwane ababili abangamaphayona abadingisiwe, nayo yonke impahla wayiswa umcebo wasebukhosini. Morozov owayemqaphile ngokucophelela, kodwa akuthola enozwelo abantu bakhe izingubo nokudla, umpristi noHabakuki izincwadi zakhe, futhi omunye wabapristi elidala ukholo wenhlanganyelo kuya wesifazane ohluphekayo.

inkosi jezisa

Boyar tvoix rukax, Princess Urusova noMaria Danilova (ngomfazi uColonel Musketeers) ekupheleni 1674 sashintshelwa Yamskoy egcekeni. Zokuhlukunyezwa omncane bahlala endaweni yokubeka abesifazane, azama ukukholisa ukwamukela lolu kholo olusha futhi ukulahla izinkolelo zabo, kodwa babengesibo egxilile. Babezobhekana ashise esigxotsheni, kodwa lokhu ukuhlambalaza uvinjelwe Princess Irina, udade wenkosi umvikeli we boyars. Alexei Mikhailovich ngaphambilini Evdokia nodadewabo uTheodosius ekudingisweni e Pafnutyevo-Borovsky sezindela futhi begqunywa ejele e ejele zobumba.

ukufa Boyarina

Ngo-June 1675 14 Boyarina izinceku babeshiswa esithandweni sokushisa indlu yamapulangwe, isekela okholweni ubudala. Septhemba 11, 1675 zabulawa indlala Princess Urusova tvoix rukax waphinde wabona embonweni ekufeni kwakhe. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe konogada ukugeza ihembe emfuleni ukuze sizofela ezihlanzekile. Kusukela ukukhathala ephelele uTheodosius washona ngo-November 2, 1675.

Isihloko Umdwebo Surikov

Ngo-1887, ngemva 15th wokujikeleza embukisweni we Tretyakov Gallery, umsebenzi umculi genius "Boyar tvoix rukax" yathengwa ngoba ama-ruble ayizigidi 25. Painting Surikov limelela usayizi ngendwangu 304h587,5 cm, kulotshiwe ngamafutha. Namuhla-ke ingenye zemibukiso ngobukhulu ziphephile. isithombe esekude ikhanga izibukeli, ezinemibala egqamile mesmerizing, izithombe ukhombise impilo futhi amandla ngekwendzawo. UVasili wathatha njengesisekelo isihloko we Uqhekeko isonto XVII leminyaka. Umdwebi wafuna ukubonisa impilo kanzima futhi ukholo olujulile abantu Russian. Wakwazi adlulisele angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa isimo: umlingiswa oyinhloko eyihlazo, ochotshoziwe kodwa abakwazanga ukumenza aphule,; Morozov is ninokuqonda + kuKristu, kodwa namanje kubonakala ngendlela elinqobile.

Surikov isithakazelo isiphetho Boyarina

Biography Boyarina tvoix rukax abanesifiso Vasily Ivanovich, ngenxa yokuthi nguye ekuqaleni umuntu ovela eSiberia, futhi eqinisweni kule ndawo idume lenqwaba Old Amakholwa. Siberians abe nesimo sengqondo esiqondile ukholo ubudala, ngoba kule ndawo kabanzi "ukuphila" ngesandla okwakungokwenkosi Old Engakholwa umfel 'ukholo abahlukunyezwa ebulawa abamele ukholo olusha. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, ne "Tale of Boyar tvoix rukax" Surikov owethulwa ummeli wesifazane yakhe. Ngokusobala, umculi umxhwele amandla okumelana naso Boyarina, ngakho nganquma ukuvusa inkumbulo ke, on a ngendwangu omkhulu esibonisa isiqephu lapho Morozov bayiswa ejele.

Izithombe ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa esithombeni

Lapho ubuka ngendwangu yokuqala Ubamba iso umlingisi central - Boyarynya tvoix rukax. Incazelo isithombe sibonisa ukuthi umculi isikhathi eside azimisele ne imidwebo portrait, yena zaveza kubo eceleni bese behlangene. Avvakum uTheodosius echazwe wesifazane njengoba mncane Shifty, shazi umbani-esheshayo, futhi Surikov ayikwazanga ukuthola umuntu onjalo - a okweqile, igazi, ekhathele eyingcuba kodwa uyaziqhenya futhi unbending. Ekugcineni, yena sketched nge Morozov staroobryadki elalihlanganyela Vasily Ivanovich eduze Rogozhskoe emathuneni.

Moscow ukuhweba abampofu ukhukhamba, baba sibonelo nokwesiwula ongcwele, kodwa isithombe kowezizwe - umsunguli yedwa. "Boyar tvoix rukax" - umdwebo ocebile "umbala wezinsimbi." Surikov enamathiselwe kubaluleke kakhulu shades, okwenza ukuze kubonakale zemvelo. Painter Ubuke iqhwa okwesikhathi eside, athumba zonke modulations yayo, wabukela njengoba emoyeni abandayo kuthinta ukubonakala. Yingakho izinhlamvu yakhe kubonakale uyaphila. Ukunikeza ifilimu umuzwa ukunyakaza, Surikov pririsoval kuya sledge egijima umfana.

Ukuhlola umsebenzi umdwebi

History of the mdwebo "Boyar tvoix rukax" engavamile kakhulu, uma kuphela ngoba lo msebenzi uye wabangela impikiswano futhi ephezulu iphrofayela izingxabano baxgeki ngesikhathi embukisweni wokujikeleza. Abanye bathanda ukusebenza Surikov, umuntu - akukho, kodwa bonke bavumelana ukuthi ukudalwa kwaba yimpumelelo. Abanye abagxeki kuqhathaniswa ngendwangu nge ezimibalabala ukhaphethi Persian, ngoba imibala egqamile kanye amehlo ryabili, izifundiswa waxoxa amaphutha ezihlukahlukene isithombe, ezifana isikhundla ayilungile yezandla nokunye. D. Kodwa namanje, ukugxekwa edume kakhulu futhi okuphikelelayo ukutadishwa sibalo kwakufanele bayavuma - ke ngempela ngokuthi ubuciko.

Ngaphambi Vasily Surikov noyedwa abaculi ngokucace kangaka futhi ngokungakhethi hhayi zibonisa abantu zangenkathi yangaphambi Petrine. Maphakathi canvas - ukuphaphatheka, usizi neligwadulekile engqondo, selilamba kusukela kudala bezila ukudla owesifazane, ayakhe ngakule Clumsy, abantu bakhe ngiyibhimbi noboya amajazi, Torlopov, telogreyah. Isixuku waqhekeka waba izingxenye ezimbili, enye uyazwelana Boyarynya, elinye - bahlekisa amashwa wakhe. Surikov ephethwe ukuvuseleleka izinhlamvu zabo. Isibukeli, emi eduze Indwangu azizwa kanjani isixuku idluliselwe ngesikhathi amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka edlule.

Vasily woqobo izenzakalo ezenzeka emlandweni Russian. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wahola abantu nje kuphela ukufunda ngekusasa boyar tvoix rukax, kodwa sifuna nokubonakalisa ngezenzo zakhe. Othile ubona-ke njengoba oshiseka othile Uyazazisa inflexibility wakhe kanye nemigomo. Phakathi isithombe ukubukeka kwabantu kuqhathaniswa ne Heroine we Populists futhi Stenka Razin. Ithi kuphela ukuthi "Boyar tvoix rukax" okungukuthi, kuyo yonke iminyaka, kukhona njalo abantu, ethembeke kwaze nezinkolelo zakhe.