Ngubani engenathemba: izici isici

Le nkolelo ibuye lomuntu iphindela VII-VIII ekhulwini BC. Bright bezibona omele zomhlaba ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu engenathemba khona lasendulo ngesiGreki stihoslagatel rhapsode futhi Hesiod. Nokho, umbono wakhe kungenziwa ngokuthi global. Namuhla, isidingo sokukhuluma mayelana ngubani pessimist ngomqondo ewumngcingo ngaphezulu izwi.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa yayo uhlobo lomuntu udinga ukwakhela umsebenzi zefilosofi eziholayo abalobi XIX-XX eminyaka, okungukuthi, uVladimir Solovyov futhi Artura Shopengauera. Ukuthatha indinganiso Ukwahlukaniswa Psychology, bakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile typological izici pessimist.

Ubani pessimist by V Solovyov

Ukuze sithole ifomula sinemibandela yokungabaza sefilosofi based yakhe "Abane Noble Amaqiniso" izimfundiso Buddhist. Kufanele ukuthi lezi izincazelo akusebenzi kubantu kuphela Umbono ophambene emhlabeni wonkana, kodwa futhi bezibona womuntu yokuba wedwa. Ngokusho Soloviev, a pessimist - umuntu ubona khona njengesizwe abaphethwe size sibelethe ukufa. Konke kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlupheka, ngisho injabulo emhlabeni, okuyinto imiselwe ukuqeda, ngeke ziholela kuye. A pessimist ubona ngokuthi ungumuntu obuthaka futhi athambekele intukuthelo futhi singakhethi, okuholela imizwelo engakhi ezibangela ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana nezimfundiso Buddhist Nirvana (m. E. Ngeke bube khona ubuhlungu nokudabuka) kungenzeka by Abstraction nezwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlanzwa ingqondo nezinamathiselo womuntu, umona nobubi kubantu, uvumele ukuphelelwa isineke futhi ube nolaka. Pessimist ngokuvamile othambekele ukuthuthukiswa zokuziphatha futhi ukuhlakanipha, ezolile.

Ubani pessimist - kwencazelo Schopenhauer

imfundiso Schopenhauer lithi ukuhlupheka - ngenakugwemeka neqhubekayo inqubo e empilweni pessimist. Ukufa ngaye - kuyinto ukuqeda usizi nosizi lwabo ekuphileni ngokucula. Yingakho abantu yalolu hlobo ngokuvamile ziphendukela ukuzibulala.

Kusukela ekuzalweni umuntu engena ukuhlupheka, kokuba imisebenzi emphakathini, umndeni. Pessimist uncamela ukuhlala emthunzini, hhayi ngoba wamthanda, kodwa ngoba uyazi konke ukungapheleli zomhlaba. Ngamanye amazwi, umuntu onjalo akawuthandi ukuthatha izeluleko kanye nokuziphatha, ngoba ukholelwa ukuthi ithwala lonke, has zonke ubuchwepheshe kudingwa essence yayo.

Ngubani engenathemba: izimpawu yokuziphatha

Ukulandelela kwencazelo "silahle ithemba" ngemisebenzi izibalo ezimbili ezibalulekile emhlabeni wefilosofi, echaza okushiwo sengqondo pessimists, iya izici typological yokuziphatha sendoda "esixukwini":

- kuhlukaniswa, isifiso sokuba yedwa naye;
- bezibona ukugxekwa nolaka noma ukuziba kokuhlaziywa ezibucayi yezenzo zabo;
- Ngakho-ke propensity kuya introspection ivaliwe;
- nokukhathazeka, ukuthambekela ukholelwa ukuthi okubi kakhulu;
- ikhono ukunikeza "esinamandla" ukuhlolwa ukuthi kwenzekani.

By the way, kuyasiza uphendula lo mbuzo: "? Ngingubani - ukuba nombono omuhle ngezinto noma pessimist" ukuhlolwa, esiklanyelwe ngudokotela wezengqondo. Ungayithola emakhasini izincwadi eziningi ezithandwayo.