Kuyini cybernetics? Isayensi, yandisa imingcele kungenzeka

Ezinye isayensi ukuthi kwavela zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, ezifana ufane futhi torsiologiya kubangele ukungabaza kuthethelelwe. Kodwa nakhu cybernetics eseyingane njengabawufanelekele leminyaka, nakuba uhlushwa ukuntuleka ukuqashelwa - jikelele kakhulu futhi abstract, okubangela izinkinga eziningi kubacwaningi. Lokho cybernetics lobuchwepheshe unikeza ithemba futurologists. Zonke amaphrojekthi okujabulisayo okuphefumulayo (njenge intelligence yokufakelwa) basonta ososayensi, lokhu isayensi ngomdlandla. Ngakho-ke yini cybernetics?

Okokuqala, le ndawo yocwaningo ekusebenzisaneni wesayensi eziningana. Usebenta ezicini ezincwadini ekuphathweni izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izingqinamba zabo kanye namathuba. Kulokhu, zonke izinto kungaba kuhle eziyinkimbinkimbi - engqondweni yethu, ezenhlalo, begazi, ngokomzimba, noma izinhlelo elula lokukhanda. Kodwa ukusebenzisa isayensi eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhiwo bakudala - kunjani ukuba isando izinzipho nge-microscope.

Kuyini cybernetics ngokweqile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke? Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu wezwa welithi "impendulo". Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthelela ohlelweni, ngakho ukukusho, ngemiphumela yezinqumo lalo. Okungukuthi, uyinto njengendwangu okunengqondo. Futhi abaningi baqhubeke, futhi iNkosi uNkulunkulu uqobo wabiza supersystem, futhi isitha sakhe uSathane - anti-system. Lokho ngokoqobo cybernetics e -vplot mass kusistimu inkolo.

Kuyini cybernetics, lokho kusetshenziswa? Kuyinkolelo eyamukelwa abaningi esetshenziswa umfundisi ongumakad 'ebona futhi ohlakaniphile ukuba balingise yokufunda futhi lithathelwe inqubo. Okuningi ikani cybernetics zezenhlalo kulolu cwaningo, isibonelo, umbuzo ukulawula nomphakathi. Nokho, abantu womabili ababeyizazi kwabantu futhi cybernetics, hhayi eningi kakhulu, echaza lusizo yesimanje futhi achazayo kwale sayensi. Kodwa onjiniyela nezesayenzi ngempumelelo wasebenzisa izindlela cybernetics ezifundweni zakhe - futhi sifinyelele imiphumela umxhwele.

Umsunguli cybernetics Norbert Viner walibiza ngokuthi "ukulungisiswa yesayensi yokuxhumana nokulawula izinhlelo yokufakelwa kanye zemvelo." Isayensi yanamuhla kuhlanganisa sekulingisa okunengqondo, kagesi ubunjiniyela systemology isayensi kwemvelo nokunye Neurobiology of psyche womuntu (sotsioniku isibonelo). Njengoba ubona, uhla ulwazi ezinwetshiwe futhi kuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ezintsha.

Kuyini Cybernetics Information Technology? Kuyinto ukudalwa amaphethini design, amaphupho lalinamandla wamarobhothi, ezesayensi uhlelo esenza isinqumo computer, ukumodeliswa zezibalo (Automata yeselula), ekhuthaza ulwazi.

Ngo biology, ngaphansi kwethonya cybernetics ithuthukiswe ezindaweni ezifana Bionics, ucwaningo kanye izama ukwenza izinhlelo self-ukuzandisa, izinhlelo biology, okuyinto etadisha izakhiwo ezicutshini futhi izitho ayikwazi lusobala kukho isakhiwo izici ezikhona. Kafushane, imingcele cybernetics isayensi ensimini kunalokho ezibanzi evulekile ucwaningo eziyisisekelo esizayo. It is icala eziningi ithemba - kanye nesayensi ufaneleke kubo, kodwa lokho azinakho ucwaningo olwanele.