Niko Pirosmani - umculi-primitivist. Biography, imidwebo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila

Niko Pirosmani - umculi abakuphila kwabo cishe never bodokotela, njengoba lokhu uma engayifezi kahle neze indoda. Kodwa wayenesihe. Ingabe futhi wadala zemidwebo ethafeni kudutshulwa akulula njengoba wayephila.

Esakhula

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukusungula umdwebi Georgian Pirosmani wazalwa ngo ngamuphi unyaka. Abagxeki basikisela ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1862. Nico Piromanoshvili wayehlala kumahamba ongumlimi emkhayeni ompofu emzaneni Mirzaani. WayeyiZwi ingane encane wasiza uyise epulazini. Nokho, umsebenzi phansi kodvwa anizange ke. Njalo ngomzuzwana khulula ayesibekela imidwebo. Phinda wadala ephepheni elidala brown usebenzisa konke ipensela stub ayekubona: amagilebhisi, imbiza aqhephukile iboshiwe inja ...

Ngesikhathi eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, umfana ilahlekelwa uyise, futhi ngokushesha unina nomfowethu omdala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye wathola eziphilayo yakhe yedwa. Yena uhamba emaphandleni aseduze futhi underworking encane aphazamisekile. Ngokwemvelo, esimweni esinjalo enzima akukho imfundo, futhi ikakhulukazi ubuciko inkulumo alikwazanga. Nokho, Nico kodwa wafunda ukufunda ngezilimi Russian futhi Georgian.

Indlela yobuciko

Selokhu ebusheni bakhe, umculi esizayo Niko Pirosmani wathatha Umdwebo izifundo kusukela izingcweti abajikelezayo. Sinenkosi ke wacosha ikhono ukupenda izimpawu ze-izitolo nezindawo zokudlela. Eighties Nico Uzame ukuvula studio ubuciko Umdwebo nomngani wakhe, futhi umculi. Nokho, lo mbono kwahluleka ngokudabukisayo: ayengekho nhlobo ama-oda kwadingeka ukuvala esitolo.

Yebo, ukuqongelela capital kancane, ukusebenza wokuba umbhidisi phezu ujantshi, Pirosmani otshala imali yobisi ukuhweba. Nokho, Nico kwaba ngumuntu onobuqambi, ukuhweba wawuyinqaba kuye. Kodwa wathola imali encane evela esitolo yobisi, ngalolo yaphela imizamo yakhe ebhizinisi.

Ukuqala XX leminyaka kwaba okuqinisekile ngemisebenzi Pirosmani. Umdwebi iye nikela yena ukuba art. Wabuyela ku ukukhiqizwa kwezimpawu, kanye nentshisekelo ukudalwa panel zokuhlobisa. Ngalesi sikhathi abantu abaningi Niko asebenzisa ngayo oilcloth ngosizo upende self-ezenziwe. Ikakhulukazi kahle waphumelela omnyama. Pirosmani sengezwe umule umlotha somlilo, ukumnika oki namagxolo, futhi umbhangqwana amathonsi uwoyela. Amafutha izindwangu babe mhlophe noma lube mnyama. Futhi lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ukubonisa lezi imibala, wamane kwesokunxele izindawo gcwalisiwe. Ngakho umculi yasungula amasu abo esiyingqayizivele. Kuhlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile, ebheka ekumeni, enikeza ifilimu i ukujula kokuvamile ibangele umunyu.

I impumelelo lokuqala

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi kwekhulu XX ku Nico yesibili unake emibuthanweni okhokhelwayo. Umdwebi-Futurist uCyril Zdanevich ozuza inqwaba Pirosmani imidwebo, ezinye zazo yabhalelwa oda. umzalwane uCyril sika, u-Ilya, yashicilela isihloko mayelana Nico "Umculi-isigaxa" ephephandabeni lendawo. Futhi ngo-March 1913, imidwebo self-wafundisa yafakwa embukisweni embukisweni eMoscow. Yiqiniso, bekungelona embukisweni uwedwa, kodwa nokho ufisa yimpumelelo enkulu a ongumlimi abampofu emzaneni Georgian.

Ngo-1916 wakwazi ukubamba embukisweni, ethula imisebenzi kuphela Pirosmani. Isigaxa wathola abanye notoriety. Wamenywa ukuba iNhlangano abaculi Georgian, imisebenzi yakhe waqala ukuthenga ezizimele. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, umdwebi Pirosmani, ogama lakhe yaphenduka lokusungula eyiqiniso, washona ngo-ukuhlupheka nobumpofu.

Okulandelayo ku-art

Primitivism - Umdwebo isitayela, nobuntu umdwebi Pirosmani - uwukubonakaliswa bokubeka imidwebo yezingane. Naive e abulawe yayo futhi ingxenye ngokwethembeka ngokomzwelo, lezi zithombe ningathwali lutho abukise, engadingekile, ezingabalulekile. Kuphela bezibona okulula ukuphila, noma yini kungase kube. Nico wahosha ngokushesha. Ngangibona ukudala isithombe izinsuku ezimbalwa nje. Akazange azithandi yini ukulungisa noma ukuguqula umkhiqizo - ke kwenzeka kanjani lokhu, ngakho-ke kwaba.

Izisusa eziyinhloko ngemisebenzi Niko Pirosmani abanjengezilwane. Animal umculi ukuboniswa nge ukubukeka amehlo womuntu, ethinta inhliziyo, okuyinto, kubonakala, imayelana ukuba izinyembezi screwed. Abangane Nico wagomela ngokuthi ngu esibonisa izilwane, Pirosmani empeleni udonsa ngokwayo, kunokuba indlulamitsi noma imvana. Ngenxa yokuthi baye wabulawelwa ubuchwepheshe yokuqala, izilwane zabheka sengozini ikakhulukazi futhi nginesizungu.

Libuye omunye izindikimba ozithandayo ukuthi isithombe amadili nezemikhosi. amatafula Rich ibubula ukudla, iwayini notshwala njengamanzi, abantu ukuzijabulisa bese bayakhohlwa ubunzima bokuphila. Konke lokhu kwakuhlukile omkhulu ngezinto ezingokoqobo ekuphileni umculi sika - Abampofu, abalambile, lonely. Pirosmani zaveza ekumeni, kodwa ngokuvamile hhayi imvelo, kodwa umane Dweba isithombe kusuka esithombeni.

Yahlala okungaka umculi umsebenzi izandla-wafundisa. Ngokuyinhloko, singaqonda ukuthi ubuqambi of Pirosmani yena signboards ngoba izitolo kanye nezindawo zokucima ukoma.

Imidwebo edume kakhulu

Niko Pirosmani - umculi ogama imidwebo bazongena esitelekeni angena yabo. "Umlingisikazi UMargarita" - umsebenzi ukuthi yake embukisweni Louvre. Kuthiwa lo mbukiso kweza French, ababoniswe ngendwangu, futhi ngibuka isithombe, amehlo akhe. Umdwebi kugcizelelwe nenhle actress imilenze, okhalweni ezondile intombazane. Nge uthando kakhulu echaza Margaret, okuyiwona kanye waqhubeka isinyathelo yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba.

Umsebenzi "isicebi Nabantwana kanye nezingane abampofu" like imibukiso yini ingcebo yeqiniso. iziphunzi Dry of izihlahla ngemuva ukugqamisa meaninglessness wokuphila, esingenakubalwa ukhunjulwa enzalweni.

Kulesi sithombe "amagilebhisi Harvest", ungabona ukuthuthukiswa bokubeka Pirosmani. Wasebenzisa amathemba isithombe reception - izivini kwadlula ibanga, egcizelela evundile, ocebile ezweni Georgian. Umdwebi futhi zaveza amakhefu ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa amahlamvu - ngomzamo ukudlala ukukhanya nasethunzini.

Wayethi uthanda?

Painter Pirosmani, ogama lakhe manje seyaziwa emhlabeni wonke, kwaba imfihlakalo kubantu besikhathi sakhe futhi uselokhu eyimfihlakalo ezingaxazululeki kithi. Ekupheleni 1910 abalandeli umculi waqala ukuba udabule leli dolobhana futhi siqoqe ulwazi olumayelana naye ukwenza, uma kungekhona Biography, kodwa okungenani isithombe eseduze Nico. Kusukela Izibuyekezo abalimi siyazi ukuthi Pirosmani kwadingeka uhlamvu obhubhisayo uhlamvu engazinzile. Rectilinear, ngokomzwelo, yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Omakhelwane bathi ukuthi lomdwebi koLwesihlanu eziyisikhombisa ngesonto ukuthi awusiwo owaleli zwe. Inhlebo enjalo baqinise izindaba Nico awubonayo njengokufanele abangcwele, ibhulashi lakhe, "kusho incwadi."

umzila obuntofontofo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umculi waba nengxoxo udadewabo eyaziwa, kodwa lezi zincwadi ungazange ngasinda. Bawushisa intombazane yena, ngokusobala nangayiphi indlela yilabo yokuthi nakwamanye amadolobhana aseduze zabantu ezingajwayelekile ngokuya baqala ukubuza umfowabo.

Bathi Nico kwaba notebook ngawo akalokothi noDavide, futhi njalo ngokwenza okuqukethwe yayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi impilo umculi, lezi amanothi kwalahleka endaweni ethile. Kwakungenxa nje ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe Pirosmani wahlangana nabantu abafundile baqonde ukubaluleka kokuphila futhi Nico eqoshiwe izenzakalo lomhlangano naye, kanye nemigqondo siqu.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Niko Pirosmani

• Ngo-1969, i-Louvre labetibambile Umbukiso siqu Niko Pirosmani.
• Bengathokozile uthando indaba umculi abampofu ingoma "Million rose ebomvu" sathathwa ukuphila Niko Pirosmani. Umdwebi esebenzise yonke imali yabo yokugcina pha efika e Tiflis actress French Marguerite de Sèvres.
• Ukudweba "Arsenalski entabeni ebusuku" lathengiswa $ 1,2 million endalini Christie. Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa okwethulwa esigabeni "Russian Art", okwabangela ukunganeliseki omphakathi Georgian.
• Painter Pirosmani, ogama biography ligcwele zikhathi ezishaqisayo, liphefumulelwe umsebenzi abaculi abaningi. Mayelana naye esingu amafilimu ezintathu (omunye wabo omfushane). Nico abazinikezele izinkondlo Bulat Okudzhava, Andrei Voznesensky, uJaroslav Smelyakov.