Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov - Admiral we Fleet. Russian izindiza yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov"

ojenene Omkhulu Russian wadala inkazimulo izikhali Russian emhlabathini, lomoya nolwandle. Peter engangihlela tekutfutfukisa talelive njengoba amandla zasolwandle, ebeka shipyards lokuqala kanye nokuheha onjiniyela angaphandle. Imisebenzi yakhe Unike amandla Russia ukunqoba eziningi zokunqoba enkulu phezu kolwandle. Ushakov, Nakhimov - lena izinduna lokuqala asolwandle, esimagama bangaziqhayisa ezweni lethu. Ngo-USSR, owalandela zokunqoba kwabo kwaba Kuznetsov Admiral, ukuphila kwakhe luxhunyiwe namabutho asolwandle isici.

biography

Ngokombono Nicholas Gerasimovitch Kuznetsova, umkhumbi ukuphathwa isipiliyoni alinikwa ngokushesha, kumele kutholakale ngokulandela indlela itilosi. Yilokho waqala umsebenzi meteoric womfanyana edolobhaneni Medvedkov Astrakhan esifundeni. Ikusasa Admiral Kuznetsov hit le mikhumbi iminyaka engu-15, okwenezela neminyaka emibili ubudala, wazicelela kulwiwa. Ngo-1919, walwa njengoba netilosi emkhunjini Northern Dvina weqembu lemikhumbi. Ngemva kokuphothula Naval Academy futhi kamuva Academy nge-honours, Kuznetsov abathunyelwe ukukhonza Lolwandle Olumnyama Fleet. I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Red Ukraine" waba itilosi esikoleni ngoba kuye, okwaqala ngokubekwa isikhulu okuthunyelwe emphemeni. Kusukela ngo-1933, waba induna impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo yesevisi, umkhumbi badunyiswa njengabantu umfuziselo lezempi, isiyalo, ukusebenza sokudubula. I Navy waqala ukukhuluma mayelana nokudala Kuznetsova uhlelo, okuyinto isibe indlela kulungiselelwa izinkantolo empi kuyo yonke mabutho wase-USSR. Ukaputeni elicinathunjana esiseqophelweni eliphezulu ngo-1935 waklonyeliswa Order of Red Star. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka yesevisi phezu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Kuznetsov ekuthuthukiseni amaqhinga elisha lokubamba ukulwa oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, uyaqaphela ukubaluleka komoya kwesimo endaweni. Ngo iphuzu lakhe theory uthi ukusebenzisana kwazo zonke izinhlobo amabutho kufanele unike imiphumela emihle imisebenzi yezempi. Indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke e izindiza wakhe kunikezelwe. Esikhathini esizayo, lo mbono akugcini nje baqinisekisa, kodwa futhi ngenxa Kuznetsov, sisindise ukuphila eminingi, kwakuyinkinga ukwenza umnikelo obalulekile ukunqoba kweSoviet Union phezu izimpi kweMpi Yezwe II.

Spain

Ngo-1936, imisebenzi lezisebenzi zokuzithandela amatilosi ekulweni wobushiqela kwaba ukulethwa esifike ngesikhathi futhi athula wosizo ivela eSoviet Union. Kuznetsov njengoba attaché lezindiza ku eSpain, ngo-mkhuba, abaqiniseka ngokunemba bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe. isitha izindiza zokuthutha impahla emikhunjini acwiliswe kusondela emathekwini, izenzo zabo kakhulu izinkinga ocucuzayo, esithinta nekusebenta isinyathelo sezempi. Kuznetsov kudala legatsha elisha - asolwandle zezindiza, ogxile endaweni imbobo dudula kokuhlasela fighters isitha. Ngenxa yalesi umsebenzi yena yanikezelwa Order "Red Banner" futhi "Lenin". Ukubuyela eSpain ngo-1937, Kuznetsov esemisiwe njengenceku Isekela bese isiKhulu zasePacific Fleet. Umthetho main, ayeyithathile aphume impi Spain, kuyinto ukulungela njalo umkhumbi ngamunye futhi ngoxhaxha iyonke.

ngaphambi kwempi

Eminyakeni engu-30 yase-USSR iqala ukwakha, imikhumbi amasha anamandla kakhudlwana, okwakubekelwa abhidlizwa ngesikhathi sempi Russian-Japanese ka 1904. Ikusasa Admiral Kuznetsov ngo-1937 lifakwa umyalo uMphathi Military oPhethe Navy, okuyinto adalwe Commissariat. Ngezinye 34, waba Abantu lomncane Commissar we Navy. Ngo kuhanjiswa yayo bebancane, hhayi onokuhlangabezanwe nakho, kodwa befuna kabili inkazimulo Russian izikhali amaphoyisa. Kuznetsov subordinated ngqo Stalin, kwenza kube nzima ukusebenza. UMbusi u bazokwakha imikhumbi entsha imikhumbi emikhulu - yempi, Cruisers. Kuznetsov, kunalokho, wathi ufuna ukungenzela ukukhululwa lwemikhumbi amakilasi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi abathwali izindiza. Wagomela umholi isidingo ukudala izindiza ugu, ukufeza uphenyo esheshayo futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba ephephile lwemikhumbi. I indima ebalulekile babelwe Kuznetsov abaqeqeshwayo kule amabutho asebenzayo njalo saveza ukulwa izimo, ukuzimisela umkhumbi ngamunye ngoba ukugasela. Esikhathini kusuka 1938 kuya ku-1948, izikole eziningi zavulwa ukwakha izikhulu asolwandle abaqeqeshiwe kanye amatilosi. Kuznetsov bengabavakashela umkhumbi ngamunye, ukuze weluse umkhumbi futhi iziqondiso kwezigwegwe, ukuhlola izenzo imikhumbi kulo msebenzi. Ekuqaleni kwempi, naphezu kokungavumelani nge Stalin, commissar abantu abasha wenza ukwenza eziningi imibono yabo futhi wadala lwemikhumbi entsha impi-sifanelwe Soviet.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

Tass umbiko, bephika ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlaselwa German iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu, waqala Kuznetsova esenzweni. Imikhumbi ayenendawo fuel izinqolobane, aphethwe yokusungula egcwele izingxenye impahla kanye nezinhlamvu, bebelokhu ligada kwaqinisa kanye nezobunhloli. Kusukela ngoMeyi 1941 izisebenzi esenqatshelwe ogwini ikhefu, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaqina politpodgotovka bomlilo. Ukuqala ubudlova amaNazi imikhumbi elalihlangana ukulwa ukulungela ngokugcwele, kanjalo sigweme ukulahleka. Wadala phambi uhlelo impi izenzo zokuzivikela zenzeka-oda Kuznetsova sika ngaphandle kokungenela ngqo ka Commander. Ukuvimba kwezimayini, zenzeka ngwenya, isitha izindiza wabhubhisa phezu indlela eya ezindaweni Fleet. Juni 24 ukuvimba usongo uvele on imikhumbi Baltic Navy phezu oda yasihlephula Kuznetsova e Kronstadt, kusale eTallinn. wezikhali Naval yasiza kakhulu ukuvikela Leningrad nokukhululwa yayo kusukela ukuvinjelwa. Itilosi wathatha ingxenye ezweni imisebenzi, ukusiza ukulawula armada undlovukayiphikiswa. Ekuhlaseleni kwe-Baltic imikhumbi ngo-August 1941 okubangelwa iziteleka eziningana ezinkulu Berlin, abazange kubange ukulimala abalulekile enhlokodolobha isiJalimane, kodwa ngikuvuse isimo salo amasosha ethu. Kusukela ngo-1944, ngemiyalo yezikhulu Commander Kuznetsov NG - Admiral we Fleet, lesi sihloko unikelwa okokuqala futhi zaba marshal.

yi

Active elwa imikhumbi Soviet sezishiye ukulahlekelwa enkulu eyakhiwe isitha. Fleet Admiral NG Kuznetsov mathupha ithuthukiswe yonke imisebenzi eqhubekayo evunywe ke uMbusi, esebenza ukuhlanganisa njalo nabanye izingalo. Ihamba, ngwenya phakathi nempi wabhubhisa amayunithi 1,200 (ezokuthutha, ezokuphepha) lesitha. Navy Aviation zempi phansi futhi waphula angaphezu kwangu-5,000 izindiza German. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabutho Northern Fleet eyenziwa ukuvikelwa kanye ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla abasuka emazweni azihlanganisa. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu zikhishiwe we indlela yokuphila Leningrad phama, ezingaphezu kuka-10 amathani wezimpahla zilethwe emzini belamba. On minefields wabhubhisa ezingaphezu kuka-200 imikhumbi isitha. Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov waklonyeliswa Order of "Ushakov" 1 degree "Red Banner" futhi "Lenin". imikhumbi engaphezu kwengu-70 kwanikezelwa isihloko Guards, 513 amatilosi baba Heroes zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Njengoba webutho Navy Admiral zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Kuznetsov nengxenye izingqungquthela international, imihlangano kanye izingxoxo ne oMfelandawonye.

ngemva kwempi,

Injongo eyinhloko yawo lasolwandle sokuthula kwaba yokutakula. shipbuilding amaphrojekthi (kuhlanganise abathwali izindiza) nokuthuthukiswa amabutho asolwandle ndawonye kwethulwa phambi Stalin mathupha Commissar. NG Kuznetsov, undunankulu, Yaduma phakathi nempi, wathi ufuna ukungenzela izinhlelo nezimfuneko zawo, ngokuvamile kuba khona ukungqubuzana nemibono umholi. Ngenxa yalo mehluko, nokuzibona komuntu elungile ngo-1948, Kuznetsov ukuthi zehliswa ezikhundleni isikhundla sokuba engemuva Admiral futhi cishe wahlala phansi esikhumulweni semikhumbi. Wahlala izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle inkonzo, wahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kodwa ekugcineni wakwazi ukubuyeka ukuqala umsebenzi njengoba isekela induna Navy zaseMpumalanga Ekude. Kwakulapho ukuthi walithola isikhundla esilandelayo Vice-Admiral okwesibili. Ngo-1951, ku-oda siqu Stalin, wabuyela eMoscow futhi avuselelwa ngokugcwele. Isihloko esilandelayo Admiral Kuznetsov wathola ngo-1953, yena wahileleka kakhulu umsebenzi futhi efuna ukubuyekeza uhlelo shipbuilding.

kathathu Admiral

Isiphetho obengeziwe Nikolaya Gerasimovicha exhumene ukuguqulwa imikhumbi nokubambisana yayo obuseduze ejensi afanele kanye Academy of Sciences of USSR kwenza ukuba ukudala ngwenya yenuzi-powered. Yena enamathiselwe ukubaluleka okukhulu kuhlomisa imikhumbi ezicitshwayo. Bona zafakwa ngwenya bese Ugcwalise ezokuthutha. Umqondo ukudalwa abathwali izindiza futhi akatholakalanga Ukuqaphela yayo kuze 1972, ngesikhathi nje isuke ibangelwa isidingo ngokuya "impi yomshoshaphansi" ne-United States. Ukukhuthazela Kuznetsova wasiza ahambise uhlelo yesikhathi sesimanje yemikhumbi, kodwa kwaqina ubudlelwane bayo ne elite elibusayo. Ngaphansi Khrushchev, le Admiral Kuznetsov kwaphinde zehliswa ezikhundleni. ukugula kwakhe kwenza ukuba asuse kuye kusuka kokuthunyelwe ka umkhuzi induna Navy, futhi eqinisweni asuswe icala, lapho wayehumusha konke ukuphila kwakhe. Kodwa izithelo zemisebenzi yakhe yaba nemiphumela emihle - esiphathiswa izindiza Yakhiwa Admiral Kuznetsov. Umhlalaphansi Kuznetsov wabhala okuningi mayelana Navy, ngokuhumusha izincwadi angaphandle sibukeze ngokunqoba kwabo kanye ukunqotshwa. Washona ngo-December 6, 1974, wembelwa Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow. Lapho ngiyoshumayela okwesithathu kwaba Admiral we Fleet Kuznetsov ngemva kokufa kwakhe, isihloko eyabuyiswa 1988 ecindezelwa nozakwethu nomkhaya wakhe Nikolaya Gerasimovicha.

Indiza yenethiwekhi Admiral Kuznetsov

Ngo-1982, amasheya we Shipyard Black Sea yesihlanu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezisindayo sabekwa phezu simila. emphemeni yakhe lwenzelwe ekhaya, kokufika futhi uthathe-off Su futhi MIG izindiza. Kusukela ngesikhathi nokubeka emkhunjini kuze kube sekupheleni zonke izinhlobo zokuvivinywa, ayenakho amagama amane: "Riga", "leonid uBrezhnev", "Tbilisi". Futhi kuphela ngo-1990 umkhumbi wawususukile ukubizwa ngegama "eSoviet Union Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov". Lo mkhumbi wethulwa 1985, baqhubeka nokwakha yayo sisemanzini sekugcineni, kuhlomisa futhi zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali. Ngo-1989, amatilosi wema ohlangothini lwakhe, nama-pilot wayeqale wahlola zezindiza izici. Su-25, Su-27, Mig 29 uye babhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuphazamiseka umsebenzi, bese idluliselwe kudokhi umkhumbi inzuzo ukuze uyigcwalise.

imishini

I othwala izindiza Admiral Kuznetsov, yabekwa emifanekisweni eziningana. radar, navigation, izikhali zayo electronic kufanele njalo ngcono. Lo mkhumbi lokhu usayizi futhi ikilasi kunzima kakhulu ukuguqula futhi ngempela eqolo ukugcina on uqaphile, kodwa kuze kube namuhla enkonzweni, emsebenzini kufanele yenziwe ngezinhlamvu Northern Fleet. ukufuduka wayo (esiphezulu) kuyinto 61 m, ubude -. 306 m, ububanzi -. 71 m. Ukuphakama - 65 metres, okusalungiswa esiphezulu -. 10 m Njengoba lisetshenziswe nezikulufi propulsor pyatilopastnye ezine iniketwe diesel-generator ukunyakaza (6), ophephela umusi (4) kanye ophephela ugesi (9). Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali siqukethe micibisholo "Granit", "Dirk", "angababulali", anti-aircraft izibhamu AK-630, RBU ASW amabhomu. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi zezindiza iqembu kuhlanganisa izindiza amahlanu nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane.

ukuthuthukiswa

Kuze kube manje, le ndiza yenethiwekhi Admiral Kuznetsov, iyona umkhumbi ngobukhulu yalolu hlobo. analogue yayo kungukuthi kukhiqizwa ethembisa Navy izinhlelo kulesi siqondiso kukhona imfihlo. Kodwa kobuholi yesimanje Navy Russian ibona iqiniso lokuthi elakhiwe N. G. Kuznetsovym engu-50 edlule, intuthuko msebenzi esasebenza nanamuhla. Kungenzeka ukuthi abathwali entsha izindiza, okuyizinto ngokushesha ku shipyards yesimanje uzobe wabeka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo yesimanje. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izikhali futhi umkhumbi izinjini. New imikhumbi yempi iphansi kwesandla sika-Admirals abasha liyowanqoba nobukhulu olwandle, nokubonisa izwe ngamandla izikhali isiRashiya, kodwa bayakhohlwa abantu owabhala Amakhasi sokuqala sale ncwadi, akudingekile.