Novodvorskaja - ngubani yena? Novodvorskaja Valeria Ilinichna. Novodvorskaja: Biography

Abantu abaningi emphakathini wanamuhla sebeqala ukuba nesithakazelo kule ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe zezwe lethu kanye nezwe wonkana. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo kule ndawo ine Valeriya Novodvorskaya.

Kakade eziningi zeminyaka, izingqondo abaningi bakhathazekile daba, lapho sizama ukuqonda futhi. Ngakho: Novodvorskaja - ngubani yena kuyini lo wesifazane na?

Intsha Heroine yethu

Valeriya Novodvorskaya - sezombusazwe, isishoshovu okweqile, ube nesandla esivulekile ngokomqondo. Wazalelwa Meyi 17, 1950 ku Belarus, eBaranovichi. Amangqamuzana lalona wesifazane kusukela ekuzalweni igazi ihlongandlebe, kwakunabanye Abavukeli eziningi emndenini wakhe. Biography Novodvorskaia kubabangele imibuzo eminingi futhi izimfihlakalo eyayithi Valeria Ilinichna futhi wamisa umthetho othi esikhathini esizayo yini ukuziqhathanisa American wamavukelambuso zesifazane. Nakuba sonke siyazi ukuthi umndeni Novodvorsky futhi ukhokho nomkhulu esasiyizakhamuzi wamavukelambuso abanomqondo ofanayo Valeria uthi ukhulele emkhayeni nongqondongqondo, futhi esikhathini esidlule akusho neze indlela abheka ngayo izinto abathintekayo yakhe yokuphila.

ubaba wakhe Usosayensi othile nonina wasebenza njengoba udokotela, okusho ukuthi sesikhundleni yomphakathi. Eminyakeni 17 Valeriya Novodvorskaya (isithombe insizwa ungabona ngakwesokunxele) engena eMoscow Isikhungo Izilimi zangaphandle isifundo ulimi French futhi masinyane baqala ukukhuluma ngokumelana kokubusa kweSoviet futhi iSoviet Union iyonke.

Novodvorskaja insizwa bebephila ukuphila okumatasa kakhulu kwezepolitiki, ngoba yena wajeziswa ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yezenzo zakhe, waboshwa ngo-1969 futhi baphoqwa ukuba ibhekane ukwelashwa ezibhedlela zengqondo. odokotela Russian ukubeka uphethwe wakhe, ezifana uhlanyiswa futhi bayasangana. Kodwa lokhu Yebo, akazange ayeke. Esikhathini yoma kwekhulu elidlule kwaba ngomzamo ukuhlela party komhlaba, ukulwa ekhona ngaleso sikhathi umbuso zamaKhomanisi.

Umuzwa wokuqala kunqubomgomo Valerii Novodvorskoy

Eminyakeni 27, wayesalokhu okwenzayo ukuze uthole imfundo kusihlwa e emnyangweni wesifundazwe Pedagogical University eMoscow. Awu oluphethe izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, Novodvorskaja Valeria Ilinichna iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu wasebenza njengoba umhumushi, okwenza ngokuhumusha izincwadi ezikhethekile esikoleni sezokwelapha. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izikhathi ezintathu, bathweswe icala ngoba inkulumo-ze emelene ngempela namaSoviet futhi imizamo yayo indefatigable kulesi siqondiso. Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe isikhathi eside umtapo MOLGMI Novodvorskaja ngokuvamile wabonisa isimo sengqondo sabo ngamandla. Ilokhu ngokubhala amapheshana ezihlukahlukene inkulumo-ze iziqubulo, lenziwa isendleleni ku-microphone kanye egcwele amagwebu emlonyeni nokuklabalasa mayelana nenqubomgomo olungalungile lokuphikisana neziphathimandla zamaSoviet. Ukuze lezi zenzo Valery Ilinichnu ngokushesha axoshwe ezihlukahlukene izihloko, ngisho baboshwe.

Ukudala inhlangano yezepolitiki

Nokho, naphezu kwezithiyo ezihlukahlukene futhi ukushiyeka endleleni, Valery kusiza ukwakha inhlangano yezepolitiki ngokuthi "yeDemocratic Alliance", isikhathi esiningi beqhuba imihlangano ahlukahlukene ogunyaziwe ngisho, futhi akuyona isikhathi imisiwe yiziphathimandla. Intuthuko e Novodvorskaia nokumangalelwa mayelana begcina zomphakathi Mihaila Gorbacheva, uMongameli wase-USSR. Ngemva kokuwa we-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, izikhathi eziningi wazama siqalise Duma State, kodwa lemizamo ayiphumelelanga. Wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo lapho kudalwa indawo party "Democratic Union of Russia" futhi kwaba esinye abasekeli lokuqala elisha Russian Federation uMongameli Boris Yeltsin. Ngo-1994 waqala yokuqinisekisa engapheli imisebenzi yayo, njengoba izihloko zakhe ishicilelwe emaphephandabeni ehlukahlukene, yena obala olwenziwa inkulumo-ze kwempi yombango futhi wazama okhela izingxabano inter-yobuhlanga.

Futhi manje nombono ezithakazelisayo: Novodvorskaja ngubani lokhu ngokuya ehhovisi lomshushisi, okuyinto izikhathi eziningi wabalethela icala sowesifazane wobugebengu? Lona wesifazane - lucky yangempela ekuphileni, ngoba ngemva injabulo kukhona amacala anjalo alivala ngokushesha, ngoba kwakungafaneleki ukuba sitholakale izenzo zakhe kube ubugebengu.

ukubukwa Political Valerie Ilinichny

Novodvorskaja, ogama biography iqukethe ukuphikisana eziningi nokushintshashintsha, ubheka yena ovulekile okuqina futhi isekela umbono Western ngokuphila. Ingabe Umphikisi ngokuphelele wobukhomanisi, ebusheni bakhe uze abizwe nangokuthi 'antisovetchitsey abasha ". Valeriya Novodvorskaya omubi kakhulu amisiwe njengoba igunya wesimanjemanje Russian Federation futhi iziphathimandla zaseSoviet, futhi ubiza ezweni eziphuthumayo wethu ukubopha, okuyinto amabhuleki lonke umhlaba nakho konke okuhle kuye. Ekhuluma nezinye izincwadi, Valery ophika isimo sakhe sengqondo liberalism kanye nentando yeningi. Yena asekelwe ngesikhathi Estonia futhi eLatvia ngo umthethosivivinywa, okuyinto wabeka phansi ukucwaswa abakhuluma isi-Russian kula mazwe.

Libuye indima ebalulekile inkulumo zezombusazwe Novodvorskaia udlala umusho ukuze amalungelo esintu, umbono esivela ngamunye wethu, eqinisweni, singenciki konke, kodwa kuphela "abantu ehloniphekile". Yebo, futhi umqondo wegama elithi "intando yeningi" buyakhahlela incazelo yalo, ie akacabangi intando yeningi amandla abantu abaningi kuleli zwe futhi ukholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele abe neqembu elincane yabantu abanamathela nemibono.

Ethonya wukuthi lokhu, like, owesifazane ngokwemvelo bantule ngokuphelele umuzwa isihawu nozwela. Isihlobo iziqhumane zenuzi 1945 on ensimini yamadolobha Japanese Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki Novodvorskaja uzwakalise ukujabula eJapan ukuthi. Ngenxa yalokho izwe uye waqaphela ngokwayo ngokuya yezombusazwe, okwamanje enhloko-dolobha, esihlalweni eyinhloko emazweni eziyisikhombisa emhlabeni, inezidingo ePhalamende Liberals yayo. Yena abantu bayazithanda Melika njengoba izwe elikhulu kunawo futhi uthi Japan kufanele ngibonge izindiza American ukuthi ebhubhisa imizi emibili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi-United States uzama ukuyeka ukubhujiswa Japan njengezwe, ngoba iphuma kwalasha Ephakathi, kodwa ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi kwelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni nomnotho omkhulu futhi ezingeni lelisetulu impucuko.

Valeriya Novodvorskaya futhi liberalism

A Novodvorskaja ngubani ngokuhlobene Liberals? Kwezinye imithombo lithi umsekeli ke yazo yentshiseko kwesinye, kunalokho, angahambisani nayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-2009, Valery Ilinichna ezihlongozwayo ohlelweni ayo sokuthuthukiswa liberalism eRussia.

Nanti iphuzu elisemqoka ukuqala sengqondo budedengu maqondana abantu bayo futhi, umbono ovamile ngokuthi kusolwa esikhathini esizayo ukwenza okuthile nje nabantu abafanayo. Okwesibili, kufanele ngokuphelele abaqeqeshwe aseNtshonalanga mbumbulu yabo yokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikali yokuqeqesha okunjalo kumele kutsatse eminyaka. Novodvorskaja ukholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu unelungelo lokukhululeka amalungelo abantu ukunikela ayisadingeki. Konke abantu omunye kudingeka uthole, hhayi ukucela isimo. Okwesithathu, izinguquko ezenziwe futhi yelinyenti. Democracy, amehlo Valerie, kusho amandla kuqembu ayesenakho abantu bakholelwa ngokuqinile e liberalism.

mayelana Russia

Novodvorskaja ngubani lokhu Abantu BaseRussia? izwibela okuPhakade, akukuniki ukuphila ngokuthula? Valeria isethwe maqondana Russia nase uhulumeni waseRussia alivumi kakhulu. Emazwini akhe wazizwa ngokwedelela, intukuthelo, ngisho ohambisana ophilileko.

Eveza umqondo wokuthi bonke abantu isizwe Russian kufanele kube ejele (hhayi nje ejele, okungukuthi "ibhakede"), yena akesabi lutho noma ubani. Ukholelwa Russia umdlavuza Zomhlaba, futhi abantu abakhuluma isiRashiya - ukusabalala metastatic emhlabeni wonke futhi kungaba ukunwetshwa kwamanye amazwe. Nakhu akucabangayo Novodvorskaja Russia - yezwe ahlala kulo.

Nokho, kukhona eziningi izitatimende mayelana okuqondene yayo Russian. Yena, Isimanga siwukuthi, ubheka yena owesifazane oqotho isiRashiya, omunye amaphesenti amahlanu ungalokothi uphonse ithawula ka. Laba ngabantu ukuthi baphathe inkumbulo yabo kanye namasiko zaseScandinavia. Ezinye izindaba zika-ephilayo endaweni WaseRussia, aluthole izidalwa, kukhona nje kancane ciliates. It eliqhathanisa labantu Russian nge izibankwakazi, pterodactyls nezingwenya kwizitatimende lapho Novodvorskaja akusho skimp on yokukhuluma kanye ukuboniswa yisimo sakhe sengqondo ukuze abaseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena nje elambile impi Russian futhi American namaphupho ukuthi yokugcina ugxeke Russia nase uyobeka Russian endaweni okufanele bakuthole like izikelemu. Esinye sezizathu esenza Novodvorskaja, biography ukuthi ine amnyama eziningi, ukuzonda abantu Russian futhi noma yini ehlangene nakho, ekubonisa esidlule wezwe lakithi. Unika isibonelo izenzakalo ezenzeka phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, lapho izikhulu White Army waminza ikakhulukazi olwandle. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II le NKVD imibengo nezazi Soviet, futhi ehamba ekhulekelwa amaJuda wakhe bathunjwe enyakatho. Zonke lezi zenzo esezinzile umphefumulo inzondo ongashi umbuso wamaSoviet. Nokho, yena Uyazazisa kwamanye amazwe, ukuvula amehlo izimpi nokuhlasela kwabo, ngisho sizisekele ukungenelela zabo.

Novodvorskaja kwamanye amazwe

sezombusazwe Sokuvelela futhi Flamboyant isekela konke ezingase ubuthi izimpilo zezakhamuzi Russian kanye Russian Federation ukusula ebusweni Earth. Yena bavikela ngokuqiniseka nozime Chechen zamaphekula AmaSeparatist owayengifundela lonke kugasela zizodla labantu Russian. Lapho besongelwa lapho kuqala impi nge Georgia ngo-August 2008, nge ngokweqile akahlanye Novodvorskaja bayahlonishwa Saakashvili. Okwamanje Russia enobudlelwane nzima nge-Ukraine, futhi ngokufutheka Novodvorskaja becela uhulumeni Ukrainian ukuba simelane umhlali Russian. Uma kwadingeka ithuba futhi amandla, Valery Ilinichna, yathi: Sekuyisikhathi eside ngabe wema ibutho Ukraine lifaka eduze nabezempi.

Novodvorskaja nobuzwe futhi inkolo yomuntu

Ulwazi olunembile mayelana nokuthi ubani kuyinto yobuhlanga Novodvorskaja Valery Ilinichna ndawo. Ikakhulukazi akazange ukukhangisa bakuyiphi inkolo ethile. Valeria ithi isiRashiya, nakuba wazalwa ngo Belarus. It nekubeka uqobo njengomKristu weqiniso. Ngemva kokufunda e sixties kwevangeli Valeria injongo yabo, futhi bamukela ukholo lobuKristu kuphela nineties kwekhulu elidlule. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo usukela emuva njengoba ukhulekela amaJuda futhi akusho ukufihla iqiniso lokuthi igama layo - kuyinto mbumbulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ubaba wakhe komJuda ngokukhethekile yashintsha igama lakhe, oqanjiwe imibhalo kuya wezifiki lamaJuda ngokuthula ikhadi abangenanga emkhawulweni Melika, e-New York. Nokho, ukuthuthela bahlala Israyeli, lona wesifazane ayinakho isifiso. Yena uthi umthetho ongcwele ukubuyela kwamaJuda ezweni lawo phezu abazukulu nabazukulu omkhulu azihlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke, futhi, futhi. Ngo nineties, Valeria Ilinichna yokutholwa yisakhamuzi Georgian futhi uye wasekela ngenkuthalo uhulumeni Georgian. Ekhuluma ubuzwe lomuntu, Novodvorskaja ungacabangeli ngamunye njengoba kummeleli isizwe. Ngesikhathi isidingo kazwelonke ukubheka okuhlushwa futhi enye indoda uhoxile umphakathi, abakwazi ukunikeza isithombe olunembile wokuzwana zabantu bayo. Ake ungayifihli, Valeria Ilinichna Uyazazisa kuphela e-United States, iphutha kuphela inqubomgomo ngalo ubona ekusizeni abangasebenzi kanye asiphumelelanga kuzo osayizi kunangendlela ukuwuvula.

Personal ukuphila Novodvorskaia

Valeria Ilinichna iminyaka izindaba zezombangazwe kungaba ukulahlekelwa sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia, singasho ukuthi sonke isizwe uyamzonda wakhe. Kodwa kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa futhi lokhu ngokubamba iqhaza kunoma iyiphi inkulumo-mpikiswano zezombusazwe, ngokuphelele ngabandayo, njengoba yena ukumkhafulela ukwamukela imibono yabanye. Ngokusho odokotela bengqondo eziningi, isizathu esiyinhloko kuba enjalo ubudlova ukukhungatheka ekuphileni kwakhe siqu. Novodvorskaja, ukuphila kwakhe siqu has akukho zimfihlo, ngoba ayikho nje abukho ukuthi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wayengalokothi embhedeni indoda ke kusekhona intombi eminyakeni yakhe 64. Valeria uzama konke ukufakazela ukuthi nakanjani qakala injabulo yezwe, indlela yalo nobuhlobo obuvamile nabantu futhi ukuphila ubulili, umphakathi evamile. Kasibili ngomoya ophansi futhi okunengqondo isola ezombusazwe Russian futhi uhulumeni waseRussia, unikeza inkulumo yakhe indida undisguised kanye nobubi. Ngokusho abantu abaningi emhlabeni ukuphila kwakhe siqu Novodvorskaia is ingqondo abanye bayazithanda, bathanda ukuthi ngokukhethekile ukumisa abanye ukuba bamelane. Uthola kusukela kule injabulo enkulu ngokukhuluphala kweqiniso futhi enelisekile ngokuphelele ukuphila kwabo.

Nokho, kusenomsebenzi omkhulu oyedwa ababonisa uzwela lokhu ungenakunqotshwa, uveze amaqiniso njengoba enjalo, hhayi ubuhle - lena umngane wakhe, umngani izenzo zezombusazwe, umsizi Borovoy Konstantin Natanovich (kwesokunxele esitfombeni - futhi Novodvorskaja Borovoy). Kodwa akukho ukuhlobana okuseduze phakathi kwabo kwakungeyona. Ngo Borovoy unomfazi, namadodakazi akhe amabili nabazukulu abathathu, kanye Novodvorskaja, ngokusho kwakhe, ngangingeke ngikwenze nhlobo avunyelwe ekhuthalele nokudiliza fortune emndenini. Ngakho-ke, inselele ukunemba amagama ubumsulwa acwebile Novodvorskaia okungekho omunye. Futhi, futhi, ngokuvumelana kakhulu Valerie, ucansi - kungcono pretty isidina, kodwa owazi iqiniso? Ngo ingxoxo yakhe Valery Ilinichna othuka-KGB futhi uthi iziphathimandla zaseSoviet bancishwa kwakhe kungenzeka ukushada, uzozala kweqembu izingane ube umama ujabule futhi unkosikazi. umyeni Novodvorskaia asitholanga e yonke le minyaka. Uthi Valery, ngangingakaze ekuphileni kwami akakuthandanga wanoma yimuphi umuntu, futhi lapho ethola ukuthi wayenze ngisho uyajabula ukuthi, njengoba noma ubani wayengeke akwazi ukuzwana.

Novodvorskaja manje

• Okwamanje Valeriya Novodvorskaya kuyinto ukuzola ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe kunasebusheni yakhe. Noma kunjalo, eminyakeni yamuva nje ephathelene nemikhankaso yezombusazwe ka iziqinisekiso zakhe bezwa ukuthi umzabalazo zalo zokuqala yeningi kwaba kuphela ngobuqili uhlelo ukukhwabanisa ezungezayo indlela wayezothola umgomo wakhe.
• Nanguya intatheli emangalisayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlanganyela imfundo, abhale izincwadi. Kanye nomngani wakhe Konstantin Borovoy kuyinto amavidiyo njalo lapho ukuxoxa ngezombangazwe emhlabeni, kodwa sibangelwa inkululeko umbono eliphikisayo nesiqondiso pro-Western.
• Okwamanje kumabonakude Novodvorskaya kungabonwa kakhulu kuyaqabukela, ngoba saphela ukumenywa yonke indawo.
• Valeria Ilinichna ngokukhululekile futhi baxhumane kalula e IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi, kanye uyazi Latin, isiNtaliyane, isiJalimane.
• Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe Novodvorskaja ayaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa kunenkolelo yokuthi uhlala buthule idolobha elincane eliseduze eMoscow, ngokuthi Kratovo kuka bendawo hhayi ujabule kakhulu.