Obumavukuvuku izikhali aseYurophu - isiko yamuva Ephakathi

Heraldry ngesimo lapho kuyaqondakala ezweni lanamuhla, zivela eYurophu. I amajazi lokuqala kwakulwiwa kwamakhulu eminyaka acishe abe XI-XII njengophawu abameleli siqu ebukhosini lempi. Nge yinkimbinkimbi yokwanda kokungabi ubudlelwano emphakathini nasekucabangeni ukuthuthukiswa feudalism ngokwezifiso kophawu ngaleyo ndlela badume isiba evame kakhulu. izifanekiselo siqu babe wonke amalungu Izicukuthwane, kuhlanganise nabesifazane, abapristi, abathengisi ezinkulu ngisho abalimi abanye ocebile.

Ekhulwini XIV izimpawu heraldic avele izitolo, imizi kanye nendawo. Ngemva komunye kwekhulu leminyaka, ngo ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, zikhona izingalo lokuqala isimo sezwe. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukunquma usuku oluqondile okuvela kuyo uphawu isimo, ngoba imibono yabo njalo ukushintshwa. izingalo Wanamuhla amazwe aseYurophu esekelwe ejwayelekile amaphosta mithi futhi zibonisa umlando wabo futhi izici zamasiko.

Amafomu netimphawu izihlangu heraldic

I element eyinhloko yimiphi isibonakaliso kuyinto billboard - isakhiwo eliqoshiwe, sithwele phezu phambi iqoqo lezinhlamvu. heraldry Esemthethweni ihlukanisa buyisiphi ezilandelayo:

• French - quadrangular, nge phansi ekhethekile maphakathi.
• Varangian - esingunxantathu nge izinhlangothi ngobumnene agobile.
• Spanish - afana isiFulentshi, kodwa nge abangaphansi oyindilinga.
• Italian - okusaqanda.
• German - esingunxantathu nge cut emaphethelweni.

Kukhona izihlangu atypical round, bobunjwa isikwele noma etshekile, le esingokwemvelo, njengoba umthetho, umhlaba ukuhlanganisa noma lizisho.

albhamu Uhlolojikelele heraldic ebonisa ukuthi iningi izingalo aseYurophu zisekelwe amabhodi yefomu French. Lo msuka ushintshwa njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uphawu Enkulu YaseBrithani ekhulwini XIX, elise ibhodi isiNtaliyane, kodwa ngekhulu elilandelayo wadlulela Varangian.

imibala heraldic

Penda esehlanganise elingenamikhono, okukhulunywe isithako nomuthi futhi ngokuvumelana esehlile isiko Ephakathi zihlukaniswe amaqembu 2:

1. izinsimbi - zegolide nezesiliva. Imifanekiso luhambisane kubo imibala ophuzi nomhlophe.

2. koqweqwe lwawo noma koqweqwe lwawo - abomvu (obomvu amnyama), onsomi (violet, imajenta), black (black), green (enombala oluhlaza okotshani) nombala oluhlaza (blue).

Isethi elinganiselwe kakhulu imibala sasifanele ngesikhathi umsuka isiko heraldic. Ngo XII-XIII eminyaka imibala efakwe ohlwini ayengenawo "lombhalo ongaphakeme", abakwazi ethathwe ngezinto zemvelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingalo amazwe aseYurophu kungafaka noboya okuthiwa noma izimpaphe - inhlanganisela olukhethekile imibala nobujamo, efanekisela uphawu esiyigugu namandla. Esikhathini ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi kwakukhona lesiko upholster panel noboya, bese iSilo babegqoka izingubo izembatho, uphahlwe Ermine eziyigugu noma amaprotheni. Tincture "izimpaphe" phakathi izifanekiselo isimo angahlangabezani, ngoba baye basakaza kuphela ngaphakathi izikhulu yezizwana ababusi German ezingeni lezwe futhi aphume.

Ngo heraldry zingeqedwe kunombolo futhi inhlanganisela imibala. Kuphela uma udala logo ukunameka koqweqwe lwawo esenqatshelwe noma koqweqwe lwawo on metal onesigqi, nakuba kungase kube eduze komunye nomunye. Akunjalo ngokusho salo mthetho, elingenamikhono izingalo ngeke ngakho.

heraldic

Isayensi amajazi izikhali kuboniswe isihlangu uhlukanisa izakhi ku amaqembu amaningana:

1. Heraldic - zeJiyomethri, uhlukanisa iphaneli ibe izingxenye eziningana. Ubude eyaziwa 10 izibalo ezisemqoka:

• Top.
• Thumela.
• Ziyisivikelo.
• Emkhawulweni.
• Sash.
• Umshayo.
• Cross.
• Umphetho.
• Isihlangu.
• Freestyle ingxenye.

Heraldry uyazi izinhlobo eziningi bobunjwa eziyisisekelo. Alone kweqa amafomu 200 ezaziwayo -. The Pope, Latin, Burgundy, Maltese, njll EYurophu, uphawu kungabonwa izingalo Hungary, Greece, eSwitzerland, e-Iceland, Slovakia neSerbia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izakhi ezincane, ezingavamile ijazi isimo izingalo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona esingunxantathu (nhlonhlo, ungumholi) quadrangular (isikwele, ezimise okwama-tile, idayimane), nxazonke (ibhola, lulwimi embuthanweni, arc) kanye izehlakalo (collar umncintiswano).

2. Negeraldicheskie - izithombe okuphelele noma okuyingxenye izibalo zangempela (nemvelo noma ezenziwe umuntu) noma imihlaba oqanjiwe. Inani labo elikhulu, futhi ukuqoqwa njalo wanezela izinto ezintsha. On izingalo amazwe aseYurophu zivame ukumelela isilwane zemvelo, okungukuthi amabhubesi amanqe. Nokho, emehlweni wabo kuyahlukahluka ngamunye izimpawu isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, Lions ongema noma ulale, abe umqhele noma ubambe inkemba isidladla sakhe. Classical uhlobo izilwane nge umhlwenga nomsila nge ibhulashi, kungabonwa izingalo United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Netherlands, Latvia, Finland, Sweden nase-Estonia. Kodwa kwezinye ukwahlukahlukana Norway uhlamvu kuvezwa ingwe kunokuthi "inkosi yezilwane".

Isimo siyefana ne amanqe. Bangase babe Ubukhulu ezahlukene kanye shape amaphiko, umsila nezimpaphe, umlomo wenyoni ukubamba livuliwe noma livaliwe. On izingalo Russia, e-Albania, iSerbia neMontenegro inyoni heraldic 2 amakhanda, waphenduka bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuqinile efeni labo ezivamile zomlando izibopho eziqinile phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. On the asele (Austria, eJalimane, ePoland, Moldova, Romania, Czech Republic) unayo eyodwa ekhanda futhi izinkozi ngokuvamile ebekiwe umqhele.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kukhona amajazi izikhali aseYurophu, ngokuhlanganisa izinhlamvu ezingavamile. Ikakhulu, i-uwuphawu Ireland - igolide celtic ihabhu on isizinda blue - ayitholakalanga iliphi elinye izwe emhlabeni. I elingenamikhono izingalo neHerzegovina ngokuvamile kudidaniswe uphawu European Union ngenxa umbala ofanayo futhi ezinhlanu-wakhomba izinkanyezi ezimhlophe.

izimpawu Heraldic lamazwe, amadolobha nezindawo - kuyingxenye ebalulekile isiko futhi umoya yeYurophu. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, bona, kanye kahle walondoloza esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, okusikhumbuza izakhamuzi EU futhi izivakashi ukuba khona 'Europe ubudala ".