Pavlovsk Palace. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace

Kusukela ngo-2005 Pavlovsk - idolobha elincane elihle kule Pushkin lesifunda saseSt Petersburg. It ikhona eMfuleni Slavyanka, 30 km kusuka enhlokodolobha enyakatho. Kuze 1796 ke ngazalelwa edolobhaneni Pavlovsk, eyasungulwa ngo-1777.

Umlando omncane

Ngo 1777, izwe Slavyanka emfuleni esigodini laba impahla yabantwana uPawulu Petrovich - Grand Duke Romanov. Manor waziwa ngokuthi "umuzi wekhabo Pavlovsk." Yonke Ensemble yezakhiwo sidalwe phelelisa ngoba cishe engu-50 edlule. Lesi siqiwu kwadalwa umbhali kanye nesigodlo waba Scot Charles Cameron, omenye eRussia ngoba ukucutshungulwa Tsarskoye Selo. Elegant elicwengiwe Pavlovsk Palace lakhiwa esizeni esakhiweni esidala lokhuni. Ngaphezu Cameron sekugcineni yakhe futhi ahlotshiswa ngezikhathi ezahlukene abathintekayo A. N. Voronihin, K. I. Rossi, J .. Kvarnegi, V. F. Brenna. Pavlovsk emzaneni edalwa njengendodana imperial kuyo ehlobo, kodwa 1788 Paul Petrovich wakhetha ukunika ke kumkayo, kusale yena Gatchina Palace.

ngemuva kwesonto ukubusa kaPawulu eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, yena uqobo usho ngaphambilini ukuqamba kabusha nomzana emzini Pavlovsk.

Big Pavlovsk Palace

Ukuze lingakanani lesi sakhiwo itsatfwa kunabayeni nedlelo eziningi Petersburg, futhi sifana villa ocebile nenhle kwama-Italian ku isitayela umakhi Palladio. Umnyombo esigodlweni isibe ngempela compact isakhiwo ezintathu storey, nhlangothi zombili lapho kukhona amaphiko anamagalari lwalugobile.

Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo ebusweni yayihlukile kuleyo yasekuqaleni eyodwa esikubonayo namuhla. Ngokwezazi-mlando, umuntu storey ohlangothini zemibukiso kwanezelwa kamuva. olungaphambili lwesonto Front lwesigodlo lihlotshiswe amakholomu eziyisishiyagalombili laseKorinte. Isakhiwo ethwele umkhatsi amakholomu ngokuvamile esilinganayo. Imisebenzi ku esigodlweni lalethwa wezakhiwo Brenna, owakwazi kakhulu ukwandisa futhi ukwakhela emadokodweni esigodlweni ohlangothini nemipheme. Lokhu kwenzeke ngisho nangaphambi uPawulu efika esihlalweni sobukhosi.

The ingaphakathi umhlobiso

Pavlovsk Palace, isithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko, has a Ngokuphambene okukhulu phakathi ukubonakala kwakhe okuqinile futhi zikanokusho umhlobiso ingaphakathi. Esitezi sibonisa egumbini lokuphumula, lokulala, cwaningo, ekamelweni lokudlela. Esitezi sesibili babe izakhiwo, ukubhaliswa kwawo kwakuyizingalo ka uhlamvu ummeleli.

Nangu Hall Umhlaba neHholo kweMpi. Esikhathini esithile Izimpi Hall abadlale indima Amancane Sobukhosi Hall. Elikhulu Sobukhosi Hall kwaba eNingizimu Hall we Pavlovsk Palace. Izakhiwo Area 400 m ^2. Ukuhlala amakota, kanye staterooms - kuyinto suite, esemgwaqweni azungezwe lwesigodlo. Phansi owesithathu wanikwa ngokuphelele phezu esikhaleni ehhovisi.

Centre zakhiwo Italian Hall, elise ophahleni olungaphakathi lwesakhiwo. yomhlobiso wawo oyinhloko kwaba Iqhwa zikanokusho, wazenza ngethusi kanye irubi ingilazi ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Umhlobiso ehholo yahanjelwa Brenna, Cameron, Voronikhin.

endaweni epaki

Uma lucky ngokwanele ukuza Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace kumele ngempela ungene ukubona uhlelo lwakho. Kufanele ube ngumnikazi amehlo ukubona nje kuphela Isigodlo esihle, kodwa kwepaki emangalisa elilizungezile. Indawo esingamahektare 600 uyisibonelo ecacile isitayela English ukwakhiwa epaki. Lubonakala ngokugcizelela ubuhle bemvelo imvelo yindoda.

Ipaki ehlotshiswe izakhiwo eminingi yezakhiwo: Aviary, inkundla ye-Three azibeke phezulu, avalele, ifenisha Turkish, ezitebhisini Italy. On emphemeni ongaphezulu ungakwazi ukujabulela umbono omuhle nesigodi emfuleni. Kukhona Nethempeli Ubungane. Lo msebenzi limelela Cameron Antique round ethempelini, azungezwe zazo setha kanellirovannye amakholomu Doric asekelayo Dome.

Umhlobo kwepaki yakhiwa mass ithuna Parade ensimini Pink inkundla. Ngesikhathi umngcele oseningizimu kwepaki ithempeli amancane ethokomele kakhulu lasendulo lalibizwa ngokuthi "Isikhumbuzo kubazali." Yakhiwa ngo-1786, Grand Empress Maria Fedorovna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa umzamo wokuba abhebhezela imemori ngumkayo, wayala ukuba Mausoleum iphrojekthi ezidabukisayo Epitaph "oshade naye-umsizi."

Pavlovsk e XIX-XX eminyaka

Lo mcimbi oyinhloko edolobheni phakathi kwekhulu XIX, - kuyinto ukuvela ujantshi Tsarskoye Selo ukuthi exhunywe ngayo Petersburg. Terminus baba Pavlovsk. Isiteshi iphrojekthi Shtakenshnejdera wezakhiwo elaba isikhungo ukuphila zomculo ehlobo Petersburg. Kwakukhona bands egijima G. Mansfeld, B. Bilsen, Strauss Omncane. Amakhonsathi olwenziwa MM Ippolitov-Ivanov, A. K. Glazunov, nezinye eziningi abaqambi owaziwa nabaculi.

Kuze 1917, Pavlovsk Palace lalilokhu yokuhlala bababusi Russian. Ngo-1918, kwaba khona Museum "Pavlovsk Palace." Ngawo lowo nyaka, lonke idolobha lase kabusha yokudumisa Slutsk wamavukelambuso V Slutskaya.

Ngo-1941 amaNazi ashaqe Pavlovsk Pavlovsk Palace lwabhidlika. Amashumi ezinkulungwane izihlahla ogawulelwé ngayo phansi, nezimvaba zonakale emadokodweni, washisa esigodlweni, wabhubhisa esiteshini. amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela abakhulula abantu edolobheni e-January 1944. Kulapho-ke lethiwa zomlando. Cishe ngokuphazima kweso baqala ukufeza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo umsebenzi, okuyinto kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1971. Ngalowo nyaka sobukhosi futhi Cavaliers Hall wavulwa izivakashi.

isithombe igalari

Kancane kancane ke ibuyiselwe futhi epaki uqobo. Lengamela umsebenzi abaklami SV Popov-Gunich, F. F. Oleynik, IG Kaptsyug, Yi Sinica, VB Mozhayskaya. Ingxenye ezimatasa ekubuyiselweni wathatha zonke izisebenzi Museum, kanye nomqondisi yayo AI Zelenova futhi wasinikeza umthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela Museum AM Kuchumov.

Ukuqoqwa Pavlovsk Palace

kumiswa wabo ngenxa ukuhamba eYurophu abanikazi bayo. Ukuthatha amakhosi owaziwa, bazitholela izithombe, imidwebo, zethusi, zobumba amasethi, esiyingqayizivele usilika izindwangu. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe edumile emhlabeni wonke imikhiqizo yobuciko neyezandla futhi ezobuciko. Indawo ekhethekile esichasiselweni kunikezwa iqoqo wakudala, izibonelo isiko Russian futhi Western Europe kwekhulu XVIII.

Museum ine iqoqo eliphelele iningi zobumba ayetholakala emelelwa ekupheleni XVIII futhi ekuqaleni XIX leminyaka. Impahla yasendlini, ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo-mlando - umsebenzi amakhosi German nesiFulentshi. isithakazelo esikhulu nokuthi ifenisha imidwebo A.Voronihina. Abaningi emakamelweni esigodlweni zisusiwe tapestries esiyingqayizivele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Museum ine iqoqo ezingavamile kwendandatho, abafana, imidwebo, izibani ezilengayo amawashi.

Gatchina: Pavlovsk Palace

Lesi sakhiwo grand itholakala ogwini Silver Lake. Waqala ukwakha ngo-1765 ngomyalo Umbusikazi uCatherine II. Akukho okwenzeka okwakufana nakho ekupheni kwabo isipho Empress ozithandayo Bala Orlov. Ngaye, umakhi Rinaldi izakhela isigodlo, okuyinto lalifana castle ukuzingela nge tower ne amavesi ngomshoshaphansi. ukwakhiwa kwalo yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-16 edlule.

Eyinhloko yokungena kuyinto kwesithombe Markiori Morleytera futhi "Justice", "War", "Ukuthula", "Isexwayiso". wendawo itshe yemvelo - okokuqala emlandweni izakhiwo Russian lesi sakhiwo sibhekene impahla yemvelo isetjentiswe. Palace senziwa futhi isitayela classic, ngalezo zinsuku, entsha ngokuphelele futhi engaziwa.

Bala Orlov, umthandi sokunethezeka, cwe kokululama imali Izindawo isigodlo, futhi ngokushesha yaba yokuhlala omangalisayo. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, Catherine abathenge isipho esivela izindlalifa Orlov walinika indodana yakhe uPawulu mina - ikusasa Russian uMbusi.

Umnikazi omusha kabusha Pavlovsk Palace ngendlela esilindele yakho. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kuqondiswe yi wezakhiwo odumile Brennus. Ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo eyinkimbinkimbi esigodlweni ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala ukufana uthango aqinile futhi villa suburban. Kushintshwe ingaphakathi umhlobiso anda amahholo nemipheme reception amakamelo babe izibonelo ezingokoqobo of classicism Russian XVIII omangalisayo futhi XIX eminyaka.

Kusukela eminyakeni 1801 kuya 1828 ka Pavlovsky esigodlweni kwakungekaNkulunkulu umfelokazi uPawulu mina, iNdlovukazi uMaria Feodorovna. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, yokuhlala esiyingqayizivele okungewakho uMongameli Russian: Nicholas mina, u-Alexander II, u-Alexander III, uNicholas II.

Ukuzalwa kabusha esigodlweni

AmaNazi ukubaleka kwabo ngo-1944, nokho washisa nesigodlo senkhosi, sibonga restorers, abasebenzi Museum nabasizi yezenhlalakahle Pavlovsk Sigodlo ekhatsi Gatchina abuyiselwe ngokushesha, kodwa lowo mnyuziyamu baba litholakale emphakathini kuphela ngo-1985. Ezinye amakamelo Gatchina esigodlweni abuyiselwe ezinsukwini zethu.