Okokhelekayo supply system. incazelo Injection uhlelo futhi isimiso ukusebenza

Okokhelekayo supply system kuyadingeka ukuba uqedwe engenayo esuka uphethiloli, filtration wayo kanye isizukulwane ingxube elingenawo umoya-fuel ukuze ukudluliselwa kwawo kuya amasilinda injini. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningana fuel izinhlelo. Okuvame kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20 laba carburetor, kodwa manje kuthandwa umjovo uhlelo. Kunesizathu sesithathu - umjovo owodwa, okuhle kuphela ukuthi uvumela ezimbalwa ukunciphisa petrol. Ake sihlolisise ngesikhathi uhlelo umjovo kanye ukubhekana isimiso yayo wokusebenza.

hlinzeka Jikelele

Eziningi zanamuhla amandla izinhlelo, nophethiloli injini efanayo. Umehluko kungenzeka kuphela at the stage of ukuxuba. I Ukwakheka kohlelo fuel siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. uphethiloli - umkhiqizo compact kokuba futha isihlungi zokuhlanzwa izinhlayiya lokukhanda. The main injongo - isitoreji nophethiloli.
2. Bakha eziyinkimbinkimbi fuel hose kanye tubing ukuhambisa uphethiloli ithangi ohlelweni kuhlangana.
3. Ukuxuba kudivayisi. Esimweni sethu kuzoxoxwa phezu injector. Lokhu umhlangano yakhelwe yakha i emulsion (ingxube emoyeni-fuel) futhi usinika ke kuya amasilinda emjikelezweni injini zokusebenza.
4. Control iyunithi uhlelo carburetion. Kufakiwe kuphela umjovo izinjini, ngenxa isidingo lokulawula izinzwa, injector valve.
5. Isifutho sophethiloli. Ezimweni eziningi, inguqulo ngwenya. Kuyinto amandla motor amancane, okuyinto ixhunywe futha uketshezi. Ukumanzisa waqaphela fuel, kanye nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-TC nobungako esingaphansi 5 amalitha uphethiloli kungaholela ukwehluleka motor.

Uma Ngamafuphi, injector - iphuzu supply fuel ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho. isignali Electronic ivela control unit. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi injector enezinto eziningi Izinzuzo ebaluleke phezu carburetor, ayizange esetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe komkhiqizo kanye ongaphakeme maintainability izingxenye ahluleka. Ngesikhathi samanje isikhathi iphuzu uhlelo umjovo cishe esikhundleni carburetor. Ake sihlolisise lokho kuyinto injector ngakho okuhle futhi yiziphi izici zayo.

Izici imishini fuel

Imoto bekulokhu into ukunakwa abavikeli kwemvelo. Amagesi qeda zikhishwa ngqo emkhathini, okuyinto igcwele ukungcoliswa yayo. uhlelo Sifo fuel wabonisa ukuthi inani osenyameni lapho carburetion okungalungile luyanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu ezilula, kwanqunywa ukuba ukufaka Converter okhanda amanye amathuba. Nokho, kule divayisi kuye kwabonisa imiphumela emihle kuphela uma izinga emulsion, futhi uma kwenzeka noma yimuphi ngeziphambeko ukusebenza kahle yayo lehla kakhulu. Kwanqunywa ukuba esikhundleni carburetor kwi ukunemba kakhudlwana fuel injection uhlelo, okuyinto i injector. Inketho yokuqala kuhlanganisa inqwaba izingxenye mechanical, futhi ngokusho izifundo, isimiso esinjalo siya siba sibi kakhulu njengoba ukusebenza imoto. Kwakuwuhambo yemvelo, kusukela izingxenye ezibalulekile nemizimba ukusebenza ezingcoliswe futhi aphume oda.

Ukuze uhlelo umjovo oye wakwazi ukulungisa ngokwayo, electronic control unit sidaliwe (ECU). Kanye esakhelwe lyamba uphenyo, esemgwaqweni umfula we Converter okhanda amanye amathuba, banikeza ukusebenza okuhle. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi intengo kaphethiloli namuhla impela high, kanye injector muhle nje ngoba ikuvumela ukuba ugcine uphethiloli noma diesel. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukwandisa injini ukusebenza izici. Ikakhulukazi amandla kukhuphuke ngo 5-10%.
2. Thuthukisa ukusebenza ashukumisayo wemoto. I injector ingaphezu ebucayi yezinguquko umthwalo bese ilungisa emulsion uqobo.
3. Kwemisebenzi yoMnyango uphethiloli emoyeni ngxube kunciphisa inani qeda amagesi ubuthi.
4. Ukufakwa ohlelweni Kulula ukusebenzisa, kungakhathaliseki izimo zezulu, okuyinto inzuzo enkulu kuya izinjini likaphethiloli.

kudivayisi umjovo Okokhelekayo futhi yayo

Okokuqala kuyafaneleka yokuthi izinjini yesimanje zinama vpryskovyh Imibhobho esemzimbeni ilingana nenani amasilinda. Injectors exhunywe phakathi kummango. Kukhona uphethiloli kuqukethwe ngomfutho ongaphakeme, futhi idala idivayisi kagesi - likaphethiloli futha. Inani fuel injected incike kuvulwa umlomo wombhobho, okuyinto kunqunywa control unit. Ngenxa yalesi ukusebenza shot nge ezihlukahlukene izinzwa, zazo ogibele emhlabeni imoto. Manje sibheka ayinhloko:

1. Air ukugeleza inzwa. Usebenzela ukunquma ukugcwala komoya isilinda. Esimweni ukwehluleka izinkomba ziyazitshwa bayiswa idatha ithebula njengoba izinkomba main.
2. Isikhundla inzwa mpintsha ibonisa umthwalo injini, okuyinto kubangelwa yokuma mpintsha, emoyeni kanye ukugcwaliswa eyindilinga we yangaphakathi omlilo injini linemibhikisho.
3. Izinga lokushisa inzwa hladgena. Esebenzisa isilawuli yaqaphela kagesi ukulawula fan ukulungiswa kukaphethiloli kanye ukuthungela. Esimweni iphutha uphethwe okusheshayo kohlelo fuel akudingekile. Amazinga esithathwayo kuncike ubude yangaphakathi omlilo engine.
4. Inzwa crankshaft isikhundla (crankshaft) kuyadingeka ukuvumelanisa lonke uhlelo. Isilawuli silinganisa isivinini injini akuyona kuphela, kodwa futhi isikhundla salo ngesikhathi esithile. Njengoba kuyintando inzwa polar ke lo ukungasebenzi ukusebenza eminye imoto akunakwenzeka.
5. Inzwa mpilo ukuze kutholakale% oksijini amagesi asakazeka emkhathini. Ulwazi oluvela kulesi isilawuli idluliselwa kuya control unit, okuyinto ulungisa emulsion kuye ubufakazi.

Kuwufanele sokunaka neqiniso lokuthi akuyona yonke izimoto nge injector ifakwe i inzwa umoya-mpilo. Sinenkosi kuphela labo izimoto anemisila a okhanda amanye amathuba Converter ekushayweni ejwayelekile "Euro-2" futhi "Euro-3".

Nazi izinhlobo injection: owodwa iphuzu umjovo

Okwamanje, kusetshenziswa kakhulu zonke izinhlelo. Basuke ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka inani injectors futhi uphethiloli supply isikhala. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ohlelweni umjovo:

• iphuzu elilodwa (umjovo owodwa);
• multipoint (ukusatshalaliswa);
• oqondile.

Okokuqala, ake sicabangele isimiso esisodwa-iphuzu umjovo. Zadalelwa ngemva nje carburetor futhi wabhekwa njengongento okuthuthukile, kodwa manje kancane kancane ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Kukhona ezinye izinzuzo obungenakuphikwa amasistimu ezinjalo. Basic aqukethe e eningi uphethiloli ukonga. Njengoba sazi ukuthi intengo kaphethiloli namuhla kunalokho enkulu, ngakho injector lubalulekile. Into ezithakazelisayo wukuthi lesi simiso iqukethe eziningi electronics ezincane, ngakho-ke singamethemba futhi uzinzile. Uma ulwazi ngobulili kusukela izinzwa isici control, nemingcele umjovo baguqulelwa ngokushesha. Very interesting Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi cishe kunoma iyiphi injini kaphethiloli ingashintshwa iphuzu umjovo owodwa ngaphandle izinguquko eziphawulekayo kwesakhiwo. Ububi eyinhloko izinhlelo sinjalo ongaphakeme Pick-ICE, kanye sokulungisa okunqala fuel ezindongeni kwesigubhu, kodwa inkinga ukuthi onobuhle nokungapheleli esakuzuza carbureted.

Njengoba umlomo wombhobho kuleli cala, eyodwa kuphela, khona-ke isendaweni ezininginingi engayitholi kusayithi we carburetor. Njengoba umlomo wombhobho kwaba endaweni ekahle futhi kwaba njalo ngaphansi umfudlana emoyeni abandayo, linokwethenjelwa bekulokhu ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi idizayini kwaba ngokwedlulele elula. Siwasebenzise endlini uhlelo fuel iphoyinti umjovo owodwa Akuthathanga sikhathi, ngoba kwanele nishaye umlomo wombhobho eyodwa kuphela, kodwa yanyuka nezimfuneko zemvelo eziye zaholela yokuthi basungula nezinye izinhlelo ngaphezulu yesimanje.

uhlelo multipoint umjovo

umjovo Okusatshalalisiwe kubhekwa zanamuhla, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kangako. Kulokhu, isilinda ngamunye ifakwe umlomo wombhobho ukushisa namakhaza, okuyinto ahlelwe ku ezininginingi engayitholi eduze valve eyanele. Ngenxa yalokho, okuphakelayo emulsion Kwenziwa ngokwehlukile. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, nale umjovo omlilo yangaphakathi amandla injini zingandiswa ukuze 5-10%, okuyinto ephawuleka uma ushayela endleleni. Elinye iphuzu ezithakazelisayo: lokhu umjovo fuel muhle ukuthi umlomo wombhobho itholakala esondelene kakhulu valve eyanele. Lokhu kunciphisa sebethule fuel ezindongeni kwesigubhu, okwenza kube lula ukufeza okukhulu uphethiloli ukonga.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana multi-iphuzu umjovo:

1. Kanyekanye - kuvulwa Imibhobho esemzimbeni senzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo.
2. parallel Pairwise - kokuvula injectors ngababili. Omunye umlomo wombhobho sivulekile umvimbo eyanele, kanti eyesibili phambi unhlangothi qeda. Okwamanje, uhlelo olunjalo isetshenziswa kuphela ngesikhathi eziphuthumayo kokuqala yangaphakathi omlilo engine uma zokugwema ukuphuka isigaba (crankshaft isikhundla inzwa).
3. Ikhishiwe - injector ngamunye ilawulwa ngokuhlukana, kodwa ivula phambi unhlangothi eyanele.

Kulokhu, uhlelo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi uncika ngokuphelele ukunemba electronics. Ngokwesibonelo, siwasebenzise endlini uhlelo fuel kuzodinga isikhathi esiningi, njengoba isidingo ukugeza injector ngamunye. Futhi manje ake qhubeka ukubheka olunye uhlobo ethandwa Umjovo.

umjovo oqondile

Umjovo izimoto nge izinhlelo ezinjalo kungaba kubhekwe umdlalo wobungani kunazo imvelo. Injongo eyinhloko ukwethulwa le ndlela lomjovo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ingxube fuel, kanye nokukhula kancane nekusebenta injini imoto. Izinzuzo esemqoka kule isixazululo zimi kanje:

• sishaye olunzulu emulsion;
• kumiswa eliphezulu ingxube;
• ekusetshenzisweni emulsion angefani yangaphakathi omlilo engine.

Kususelwa kwalezi zimo ezinhle eyayikuzo, singasho ukuthi izinhlelo ezinjalo ugcine nophethiloli. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile nge ride quiet endaweni ezisemadolobheni. Uma siqhathanisa izimoto ezimbili injini umthamo ofanayo, kodwa ehlukene injection, isibonelo, ngokushesha futhi multi-iphuzu, ukusebenza kakhulu kangcono ashukumisayo kuyoba eduze kohlelo ngesikhathi. Amagesi qeda mancane enobuthi, njengoba kuthathwe litre umthamo izoke ephakeme ngenxa Ukupholisa emoyeni nokuthi ingcindezi fuel kancane anda.

Kodwa qaphelani ukuba nozwela oqondile umjovo uhlelo izinga nophethiloli. Uma thina acabangele izimiso Russian futhi Ukraine, okuqukethwe sulphur akufanele futhi iyophakama kuno-500 mg ngayinye 1 ilitha kaphethiloli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo yaseYurophu sisho okuqukethwe timphawu 150, 50 ngisho 10 mg ilitha uphethiloli noma diesel ngayinye.

Uma sicabangele kafushane kulesi simiso, kunjengoba kulandela: injector wahlela ikhanda isilinda. Ngakho, umjovo Kwenziwa ngqo amasilinda. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlelo umjovo kufanelekile eziningi uphethiloli izinjini. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, uma lisetshenziswe uhlelo umfutho ophakeme fuel, emulsion sidla ngaphansi okuyinto ngqo ekamelweni amandla omlilo, ngokudlula ezininginingi eyanele.

Okokhelekayo uhlelo umjovo: Ukugibela mafutha

Kancane ngenhla, siye sahlola umjovo oqondile, yakhishwa okokuqala ukusebenziswa izimoto we brand "Mitsubishi", okwakubekelwa esifushanisiwe GDI. Ake sicabangele kafushane omunye izindlela main - the mafutha. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi imoto kuleli cala siqhutshwa e-imithwalo ongaphakeme futhi ngesivinini ngokulinganisela amakhilomitha kuze kufinyelele 120 ngehora. umjovo Okokhelekayo wenziwa lokugcina ithoshi esiteji kokucindezelwa. Kokuba zibonakale piston, fuel exutshwe emoyeni bese engena ikhandlela ukuthungela zone. It kuvela ukuthi ekamelweni ingxube is kakhulu mpilo, nokho icala layo eduze plug inhlansi angabhekwa elilungile. Lokhu Kwanele for ukuthungela yayo, khona-ke ikhanyisa futhi lonke leli emulsion. Eqinisweni, uhlelo fuel injection enjalo inikeza operation evamile yangaphakathi omlilo injini ngisho nalapho isilinganiso emoyeni / nophethiloli - 40: 1.

Lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukulondoloza fuel kakhulu. Kodwa kufanele uyinake ukuthi kukhona umbuzo qeda amagesi. Iqiniso lokuthi ekwandeni zinokungaqeqesheki, ngoba kwakheka oxide nitrogen. Kulokhu, lo recirculation of qeda amagesi. Special uhlelo ERG ivumela emulsion ukuba alulaze qeda amagesi. Lokhu kancane kunciphisa izinga lokushisa amandla omlilo futhi iwukudambisa kumiswa oxides. Nokho, le ndlela ayikuvumeli ukwandisa umthwalo injini. Ukuze kancane ukuxazulula inkinga esetshenziswa isitoreji kulethe. Kugcine kuyinto ebucayi kakhulu uphethiloli nge high okuqukethwe nesibabule. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isheke gqwa kohlelo nophethiloli.

I eyohlobo ingxube kwetinhlavu kanye-2-step Imodi

isimo Amandla (eyohlobo ingxube kumiswa) - ekahle ukushayela nolaka ezimweni ezisemadolobheni, kuyomfica nokushayela emgwaqeni omkhulu futhi omkhulu. Kulokhu, ukuvuleka oyindilinga, kunethemba elincane ukonga kuka samuntu odlule. Umjovo wenziwa ngesikhathi unhlangothi eyanele, futhi emulsion kwakhiwa ngokuvamile isilinganiso 14.7: 1, isb eduze stoichiometric. Empeleni, lo othomathikhi fuel okuphakelayo uhlelo nse wokusabalalisa.

I ezimbili isigaba fuel injection imodi kusho phezu unhlangothi kokucindezelwa, kanye ekuqaleni-up. Umsebenzi main - waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi injini. Isibonelo esimangalisayo ukusebenza ngempumelelo njalo kwesimiso esinjalo ukuhamba ngesivinini ongaphakeme nokucindezelwa elinjengezinyo ngapha namafutha. Kulokhu, amathuba ongqongqozayo inyuka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu elula, esikhundleni umjovo owodwa esigabeni wenziwa ezimbili.

In the isinyathelo sokuqala esincane fuel is injected ngesikhathi unhlangothi eyanele. Lokhu kuvumela abanye emoyeni ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kule isilinda. Ungakwazi ukuxoxa ukuthi uMbhalo kuyoba ingxube superpoor esikhungweni isilinganiso 60: 1 Ngakho-ke, detonation akunakwenzeka okunjalo. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina lo mvimbo kokucindezelwa wenziwa jet fuel injection, okuletha a emulsion ocebile isilinganiso mayelana 12: 1. Namuhla singasho ukuthi uhlelo fuel injini ezinjalo yethulwa kuphela izimoto wemakethe European. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Japan akuyona umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya ngesivinini, Ngakho-ke, kukhona umthwalo omkhulu phezu injini. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani inqwaba imigwaqo kanye nemigwaqo, ngakho abashayeli bajwayele ukugibela ngokushesha, futhi kungcono umthwalo omkhulu phezu yangaphakathi omlilo engine.

Ngisho okuthile okuthakazelisa

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokungafani kuya izinhlelo carburetor, injector idinga ukuthi ibe isheke njalo kohlelo nophethiloli. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu electronics eziyinkimbinkimbi bangase bahluleke. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuzoholela nemiphumela engathandeki. Ngokwesibonelo, umoya ngokweqile ohlelweni fuel kuzoholela ukuphazamiseka ukwakheka emulsion kanye okungalungile ukuxubana isilinganiso. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kuthinta injini, kukhona operation engazinzile futhi kwadala umonakalo abalawuli, njll Eqinisweni, injector - .. Ingabe kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi inquma lapho amasilinda ukufake inhlansi, ukuletha kanjani eliphezulu ingxube block uMbhalo bese ezininginingi eyanele, lapho ukuvula umlomo wombhobho futhi isilinganiso emoyeni nophethiloli kumele kube i emulsion. Zonke lezi zici ezithinta ukusebenza ezivumelanisiwe kohlelo nophethiloli. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iningi abalawuli ngaphandle umshini ongenza kahle, kanti kuyoba okukhulu, njengoba kukhona eziphuthumayo ukuqoshwa namathebula isetshenziswe.

Izindleko omlilo yangaphakathi injini kulokhu kunqunywa kangakanani idatha evumelekile izotholwa kusukela abalawuli. Kokuphonswe yibo ngokunembile, kancane kungenzeka ezahlukene fuel uhlelo amaphutha. Kufeza indima ebalulekile futhi ijubane impendulo lonke uhlelo. Ngokungafani carburettors lapha akudingi ukulungiswa manual, okwenza kungabi namaphutha phakathi umsebenzi Samandla. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola amandla omlilo more ephelele ingxube kanye iphuzu ngcono kwemvelo umbono kohlelo.

isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, kufanele sitshele kancane mayelana amaphutha esivela injection. Ububi eyinhloko izindleko aphezulu yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, izindleko amayunithi enjalo kungaba ephakeme ngo-15%, okuyinto kakhulu. Kodwa kunezinye nemibi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuhlulekile fuel umphini kuyinto ezimweni eziningi asivumi lilungiswe ngenxa ubuqotho ukuhlukumeza, ngakho-ke kufanele kube lula ukushintsha. Lokhu kusebenza futhi maintainability imishini iyonke. Ezinye izingxenye kanye izingxenye ezisele lula kakhulu ukuthenga entsha, kunokuba ukuchitha imali yokulungisa kubo. Lokhu izinga akuyona esingokwemvelo imoto carbureted, lapho unga umjikelezo ngokusebenzisa zonke izingxenye ezibalulekile futhi ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwabo ngaphandle utshalomali enkulu isikhathi nomzamo. Ngokungangabazeki, ze-electronic fuel supply system kwalungisa samabutho amakhulu futhi izindlela. electronics eyindida akunakwenzeka ukuba abuyiselwe phezu iziteshi lokuqala etholakalayo.

Nokho, siye zazikhuluma nawe ngayo lokho ohlelweni umjovo. Njengoba ubona, lokhu isihloko ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ingxoxo. Ungase futhi ukutshela okuningi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi Imibhobho esemzimbeni ezinhle kanye nokwenzeka ukulungisa osheshayo yenjini. Kodwa, lawo ngamaphuzu ayinhloko esinalo wathi kakade. Khumbula ukuthi uhlelo kukawoyela injini kaphethiloli kumele kuhlolisiswe njalo kubhekwe ukukhubazeka kungenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa ukhwaliti ongaphakeme uphethiloli, okuyinto empeleni kuyinto esivela ezweni lethu, ngokuvamile avimbekile Imibhobho esemzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini iqala ezisebenza ngezikhathi, amandla lehla, ingxube kuba mafutha kakhulu noma okuphambene nalokho. Konke lokhu kubi kakhulu imoto iyonke, Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuqapha njalo futhi njalo. Futhi, zama ukwenza ifake uphethiloli kuphela uphethiloli, okuyinto weluleka nomkhiqizi imoto yakho.