Okubekiwe weRiphabhulikhi Komi: incazelo, umlando kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Wonke umuntu oza okokuqala e-Republic of Komi, enyakatho captivates ubuhle lezi zindawo. Ngenxa izinqumo kanye ohlakaniphile, 15% of the indawo yalesi sifunda zivikelwe isimo, ukuze wakhe balondolozwa imvelo intombi, okungasekelwe sathinteka impucuko.

Okubekiwe weRiphabhulikhi Komi - ukuziqhenya bendawo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izwe lilonke, ngoba u-70% walezi zindawo aqukethe ehlathini. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi kwezimboni, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kwakuyinto evamile, kodwa yokutakula zazizinde futhi zibiza. Nale ukuphela kuleli zwe ukuze kulondolozwe izitshalo eliyingqayizivele nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, evamile, esenyakatho-mpumalanga European Russia.

History of the esifundeni

Komi Republic yasungulwa ngo-1921, nakuba ezweni ingeyamakhosi ubukhulu eMoscow kusukela ngekhulu xv. Le ndawo amumethe ezikhangayo zemvelo. Nayi:

• 78.000 amachibi zivela ezifana nemifula emikhulu njengoba iVolga, ob, Pechora naseNorthern Dvina;
• izintaba ezembethe amahlathi;
• Tundra nge kulondolozwe semvelo;
• ubuhle eyingqayizivele indlela okwakheke ngayo zayo zemvelo Torre Porro-Out futhi Manpupuner.

Kodwa isici esikhanga kakhulu nge - ihlathi virgin, ososayensi abaningi baye ngokufanele ngokuthi amaphaphu e-Europe, ngoba indawo enkulu, isetshenzwe ngabantu kule ngxenye yomhlaba alikho.

Uma wahlala kulezi zindawo abantu ezifana Mansi, Khanty, futhi Komi. Kukhona namanje walondoloza amasayithi abo lasendulo namathempeli. Futhi, kule ndawo emhlabeni sibonga izwe abavubukuli bathola e sifinyelela engenhla Pechora River isiphetho, elalingelamaFilisti abantu Upper Paleolithic ezaziwayo. Ngaphambi kwalokhu ukutholakala, ososayensi akazange acabange ukuthi ungase izizwe abahlala kude kangaka enyakatho, ngakho lapha isimo sezulu elibuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ebusika.

Ngisho nanamuhla, inkinga eyinhloko esifundeni evikelwe kuyinto ukungabi khona kwemigwaqo, futhi ngo-1931, lapho ezabonakala, ezivikelekile umngcele, okuthunyelwe, iholo kanye nezinhlinzeko zazinikezwa phezu Chaise nezikebhe ebusika - Ukushushuluza.

UNESCO amagugu

Izimo zokuphila Komi angabhekwa ezinzima. Kukhona izinto ezimbalwa kuphela emadolobheni amakhulu, ezifana Syktyvkar, eVorkuta, Usinsk, Ukhta futhi Pechora, akha 5 izifunda ezisemadolobheni, kuhlanganise 15 izifunda zomasipala. lokushisa ebusika Isilinganiso lapha -17 ⁰S nakuba fixed lokushisa udedela ukuze -57 degrees.

Okubekiwe weRiphabhulikhi Komi ehlangana ku kunethiwekhi eyodwa ngokuthi "intombi nto ihlathi onqenqemeni." Lihlanganisa National Park "Yugyd va" kanye Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve. Izwe labo zingahlukaniswa zibe 3 esishintshashintshayo:

• medium-high amagquma endaweni, okubandakanya zibe entabeni Urals;
• esifundeni kusuka emithambekeni ye Parma okusezingeni eliphezulu entshonalanga ukuba unyawo Ural Ukhahlamba;
• flat ngowomnikazi evikeleke kwezindaba zesifunda Timan-Pechora.

Kusukela ngo-1985, lonke kule ndawo kwahlanganiswa isigaba "Biosphere izinqolobane weRiphabhulikhi Komi." UNESCO uhlu, okubandakanya ezimbalwa izindawo ezifana kule planethi yethu okuwukuphela, umhlaba kuhlangene, ngokuthi esifundazweni sonke isintu, futhi manje ngaphansi kwesivikelo lokhu inhlangano yomhlaba wonke.

Pechora-Ilych Indawo egicna imvelo

Yasungulwa Meyi 4, 1930 endaweni phakathi kwemifula emibili - i Pechora futhi Ilych, owumthelela sayo esifanele. Ekuqaleni ezweni matasa 1.135.000 amahektha. Imifula baba umngcele abo angokwemvelo lentshonalanga neningizimu. Reserve enyakatho Ngasemdeni ke ka emfuleni isikhumba, bese empumalanga - ne yaseTyumen.

Gada isimo emahlathini nemikhawulo yalo ngaleso sikhathi kwaba nzima kakhulu, ngoba yayingekho imigwaqo, air zokuthutha futhi iziteshi zomsakazo. Esikhathini eside kamuva, yaqala ukusebenzisa enophephela emhlane, kanti elithi An-2, esingalapheki 4:00 ingandiza emhlabeni endaweni enkulu kangaka.

nenhlangano ngo-1978, ihlathi ezifundeni eziyisihlanu, ezweni yahlukaniswa yadliwa okuyinto, ukuvikelwa kwabo, imingcele kanye yesayensi kuphela, endaweni wathatha ifomu, uyatholakala namuhla.

Ohlukile ukuthi Republic of Komi eYurophu (Pechora-Ilych egicna imvelo ikakhulukazi), okungukuthi indawo kuphela uye walondoloza ubudala-ukukhula amahlathi intombi. Zikhula futhi siphile yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo laseSiberia nabaseYurophu. Ezinye zazo afakiwe International Red Book.

Kuyinto kule Reserve ipulazi i-moose wokuqala emhlabeni wavulwa, sandla i ukwanda kwalezi zilwane nokusatshalaliswa yabo.

National Park "Yugyd wa"

Lesi siqiwu yasungulwa ngo 1994 futhi sise kakhulu, esenyakatho-mpumalanga European Russia. Kulapha kunezinto esiyingqayizivele abavubukuli, ezifana Ust-Podcheremskaya ndawo yasendulo, Podcheremsky umcebo kanye nabanye.

Ngenhla kwepaki imele intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke ye-Urals - entabeni Wabantu (1895 m).

Hhayi bancishwa izinqolobane, amapaki kazwelonke , Komi (republic) futhi amachibi, phakathi lapho amachibi olunothile kakhulu kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuhweba, perch kanye nobude. Phakathi imifula baziwa ngokuba amanzi awo ecacile futhi nenqwaba yezinhlanzi Kozhim, Big Synya nabanye. Basuke uhlalwe 23 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ezifana salmon, peled, whitefish futhi carp crucian.

"Yugyd Isiqhingi" waba yilungu lenhlangano "Virgin Komi Amahlathi", futhi ivikelwe UNESCO. Ukuhamba phakathi nendawo yalo, ungathola hare reindeer, squirrel flying, uchakide, impisi, impungushe, amaphiva, impungushe ezimhlophe nezinye izidalwa eziningi.

I kazwelonke epaki isidleke 190 zezinyoni, 19 zazo awatholatholakali futhi ohlwini esifundeni ezisengozini. Lokhu nengqungqulu, golden eagle merlin, peregrine uheshe nabanye.

Komi Flora

Ngokusho idatha yakamuva eyakhishwa ngo-1980, kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela weRiphabhulikhi Komi kuhlala zezimila ezingaphezu kuka-1000, kuhlanganise 11 ezisengcupheni kanye ezingavamile, njenge slipper ntokazi, minuartia Guelma, oxytrope Urals, okuyinto liyalondolozwa lapha kuphela lemali amakhophi 400. Ngo lonke elaseYurophu, lesi sitshalo Sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela wanyamalala.

Scaffolding emelelwa zikaphayini amahlathi, nezihlahla, ezifana okhalweni, namaxhaphozi sphagnum ukhula ephila futhi Ledum amajingijolo.

Eqinisweni, izinqolobane weRiphabhulikhi Komi kuze kube sekupheleni futhi engakaze wafunda, kanti nezitshalo kungukuthi oluthathwa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubonisa ngezinga elikhulu ukuthi phambi omningi ukuze ososayensi. Ukuze iwenze ube lula umsebenzi waleli qembu, Chernamsky Reserve (Komi Republic) yasungulwa, umsebenzi kabani main ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kanye nekhwalithi ihlathi imele, kanye nokuphepha kwabo. Lapha, ke ihlelwe ukuqoqwa kanye storage of imbewu zezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu noma ezisengozini.

Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze zwe lasendulo

Of ngabomvu ukuba folklorists zinganekwane lwemidondoshiya lasendulo mansiytsev siguqulelwa izithombe zamatshe ezingcwele Urals ubudala. Lezi boobs, njengoba ukubabiza zendawo, kungabonwa phezu Manpupuner ithafa.

Ayikho legend ngaphansi amahle ngokuthi iGolden Baba, okuyinto kuyabonakala namuhla - sibalo zesifazane elikhanyayo, ngokuvamile kokuvela ngokumelene amnyama iziqongo entabeni. Ngokusho yetinsita UnguNina Okwezwe, evades nezimpahla zabo.