Order of St uCatherine Omkhulu: Umlando

Phakathi imiklomelo ambalwa Russia tsarist, ezivuselela kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa namaSoviet, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele inikwe i the Order of St Catherine, incazelo kanye nomlando zazo zaba isihloko lesi sihloko. Njengoba eminyakeni eyedlule, futhi namuhla isethiwe ukuhlonipha abesifazane abanale kokufaneleka ekhethekile phambi Russian. Nokho, kwakukhona ngaphandle nje kwento eyodwa, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Salvage esivulekile Catherine mina

Indaba ukuthi kwakukhona Order of St uCatherine Omkhulu, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu isethulo ngendlela yakudala kubangela mlando ezithile singabaze phakathi kwezinye imiklomelo le Petrine inkathi. Ixhumeke nge umkhankaso Prut kaPetru mina, ngiyithathile e 1711 ekumelaneni nebutho lase-Turkish, futhi yaphela kabi kakhulu kuye.

Izimo zase yokuthi amasosha Russian phakathi kwabo kwakukhona nombusi nomkakhe, Catherine mina, sebephila amabutho esitha anamandla. Isimo esibucayi, kodwa akatholanga indlela yokuphuma iNdlovukazi ezinikelwe ukugwazela Ottoman webutho wonke amagugu awo amaningi. Ngo ukubonga ngaleli isenzo ukuthi ukulondolozwa ibutho ekubhujisweni, futhi bobabili kusukela bamba futhi kungenzeka ukufa yenkosi ngqo nomkakhe Order of St Catherine.

Ukuziphatha njengabawufanelekele Empress

Ngokusobala, kungcono nje legend, ngoba ngesisekelo imibhalo ezigciniwe it is ukuthi izingalo eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu nezinkulungwane zegolide ruble zanikezelwa ukugwazela izikhulu ezikhohlakele endaweni yomcebo-Turkish, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isamba cwe ezaziwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqhaza emkhankasweni Prut ohlakaniphile Danish wakhumbula Umlando wakhe ukuthi iNdlovukazi kwakungekaNkulunkulu ubucwebe bakhe akudingeki ukuba anikele ngayo, futhi behambisa idiphozi sezikhonzi abaseduze, ephuma imvelo ukuze ubuyele.

Mhlawumbe igolide ofayo, futhi kunikezwa ngalutho, kodwa ngokukhombisa ngomzuzwanyana ingozi isibonelo eliphezulu kakhulu isibindi nokuzithiba, kuba, ngokusho ubufakazi abahlanganyeli e lezo zenzakalo, ke kwadingeka lelitimele ezidingekayo ukuze ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwesekwa zokuziphatha, futhi wathola i the Order of St uCatherine Martyr Omkhulu yokuziphatha njengabawufanelekele Empress. Kunoma ikuphi, kwathi ngokuthi ufanele lolu dumo high.

UNongorwana St Catherine: izici kanye nezici

Esikhathini kusuka 1714 kuya 1917, le ndondo waba ngowesibili ngobukhulu phakathi kwezinye imiklomelo Russia futhi kwadingeka degrees ezimbili. Eyokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi "iGrand Cross", yenzelwe kuphela abantu yokunikeza ebusa House. degree Okwesibili, eyaziwa ngokuthi "isiphambano Small noma kavalerstvenny 'liye laqiniswa kwabamele izikhulu ephakeme. The umklomelo we le ndondo inikezwe ilungelo ubizwe izintokazi noma kavalerstvennogo cross esikhulu wahlonitshwa kakhulu.

Ngamunye degree Order uhambisane izimpawu zayo kanye izinkanyezi, kwadingeka nomunye njengoba kufana nekwehluka abalulekile. Ngo-1856, i-uMbusi u-Alexander II yakhipha umyalo wokuba owawuthi, kuqala degree indondo iziphambano abangu ehlotshiswe amadayimane, kanti eyesibili - diamond.

Phakathi nenkathi okwalandela maphakathi esiphambanweni, elalihlotshiswe ngegolide imisebe, ibekwe medallion ohlezi uCatherine. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe saint yafakwa esiphambanweni enkulu nge-x omncane phakathi, futhi Palm.

Ngenhla kwekhanda lakhe olotshiwe isifinyezo CBE, okwakusho - St Velikomuchenitsa Ekaterina. Enye isifinyezo, ehlanganisa izincwadi DSFR, esivezwe esiphambanweni omkhulu, futhi lalinabashumayeli izinhlamvu zokuqala ibinzana Latin Domine, salvum fac regum, okusho "Kayiphile inkosi."

Ngokuthakazelisayo kwathiwa anezinhlaka futhi ohlangothini reverse esiphambanweni. Wahambisela isithombe yokhozi nokhozi, ukubhubhisa inyoka esinqeni umbhoshongo, phezu kwawo kwakuyizingalo sikhehle amatshwele. Lapha kwaba Latin umbhalo, ukuhumusha linjengezwi "Esikhathini imisebenzi kuqhathaniswa nomyeni wakhe." Wayefanele ukugcizelela kokufaneleka siqu ukhishwa.

Maphakathi ezingu-kwakubonisa esiliva inkanyezi Sash kwaba medallion round enkundleni elibomvu, okuyinto wayechazwa esiphambanweni, wayakha yila mazwi - ". Ukuze Uthando wobaba" La mazwi kwakufanele iwuphawu Order.

Isiko zokuhlola ezasungulwa Catherine mina

Kuze kufe uPetru mina, balandela, e 1725, ke waklonyeliswa Order akukho. Lolusiko esungulwe Catherine mina, ngubani wathola isihlalo sobukhosi futhi anikezwe Order yamadodakazi nomyeni wakhe ongasekho - Anna Elizabeth (futhi kamuva usewutholile umqhele Russian). Ngesikhathi ukubusa kwakhe kusezingeni kunako ukhishwa bantu abayisishiyagalombili kusukela eliphakeme enkantolo mbuthano.

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, eyathatha iminyaka emibili, i the Order of St Catherine waba umklomelo kakhulu ladies grand abathola akusiyo kuphela (hhayi kakhulu) ngenxa yosizo lwakhe, kodwa futhi njengoba umvuzo emishikashikeni yabo babayeni bawo abaye esiphezulu zomphakathi eliphakeme. Lolusiko iye zigcinwe eminyakeni elandelayo.

Imiklomelo wathola ngokuzalwa kanye amasevisi ekhethekile

Ngisho ngaphezulu ephakanyiswe isimo Order koMbusi uPawulu mina, kokuthi ishicilelwe ku 1797, saba ngumthetho, owawuthi, basuke ukhishwa ngamunye okuzelwe Grand Duchess, okungukuthi, enye indodakazi yenkosi eyayibusa. Kusukela sovereigns Russian anesizotha zihlukaniswa i wenzalo enviable, inani awardees kamuva lenyuka kakhulu. Esewonke amadodana amakhosi, esethole isihloko ukuzalwa izikhulu omkhulu, waklonyeliswa Order of St Andrew.

By endleleni, lo mthetho okuqalwe bytuyuschey kulezizinsuku isiko ukuba agqoke ingane amantombazane pink kudabuke nabafana - blue, okuhambelana umbala amabhande endwangu ezo olukhulu duchesses.

Isikhundla ku yokuklomela Order - isimo salo - akukhulunywa ngokukhethekile, ngoba ngayiphi-ke okufanele umkhonze, Ngakho-ke, unelungelo ukhetha abazobhapathizwa wanikwa yinkosi. basuke ngokuvamile inikezwa abantu abaye ayevelele ngokwabo emkhakheni wemfundo yomphakathi noma esiza abantulayo. Ngokuvamile-ke wathola iminikelo emikhulu, wenza ukuze ahlenge amaKristu ekuthunjweni ngowezizwe, kanye ukuqashelwa sokunconywa inakekelwa eSikoleni capital for Noble emaNtombazaneni.

Ukuqedwa kanti imvuselelo okwalandela Order

Lo mkhuba kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba nezenzakalo ezivusa amadlingozi zenzeka ngo-1917. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga ngemva kokuthatha amandla, amaBolshevik ezaqedwa le ndondo, ngoba yayihloselwe kuphela abameleli besigaba nobutha kubo. Savuka Order of St Catherine wayeseGibithe izinsuku zethu nge isimemezelo ngoMeyi 2012. Russian uMongameli Dmitry Medvedev. Namuhla, njengasekuqaleni, kuba omunye imiklomelo wezwe eliphakeme.

Order of Saint Catherine the Martyr Omkhulu (Russian Federation)

Ake ukugxila yokuthi namuhla kuyinto umklomelo zokuhlola ezasungulwa uPetru I. Lokhu entsha, efanayo ne-prototype kwalo ngokomlando Order of St Catherine (RF) has a inkanyezi futhi isibonakaliso ngesimo medallion okusaqanda etholakala maphakathi esiliva-gilt ukuwela. Ekupheleni ngalinye isiphambano yakhelwe njengoba imisebe amane egolide ehlotshisiwe umhlobiso futhi ahlukaniswe amadayimane ezimbili. medallion Central lizungezwe nomhlobiso esihle impumuzo izindandatho, embozwe koqweqwe lwawo blue ne koqweqwe lwawo idwetshwa ke umfanekiso St Catherine.

Ingxenye engenhla unikezwa timphawu indandatho, phezu okuyinto ewumngcingo mpo kwagcizelela Uhlaka ehlotshisiwe idayimane umndeni ukwakha umugqa mpo. It badabula indandatho eteyipini, wabeka ngesimo umnsalo kokuba ohlangothini reverse of the idivayisi for axube yona izingubo. Insignia unamahlangothi 45 x 40 kwangu futhi ingalungiswa a usilika moire imicikilisho kokuba esiliva usebe discontinuous.

Ibheji ye-Order of St Catherine oluhambisana liyinkanyezi ayisishiyagalombili zesiliva maphakathi okuyinto wabeka medallion esiyindilinga umbala obomvu kanye umfanekiso State Emblem we Russian Federation, sizungezwe umngcele okudweba nombhalo othi "Ngokuba umusa".

I okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho

Ngo-September 2012, i the Order of St Catherine, isithombe okuyinto okusesihlokweni esithi yaqale unikelwa umuntu. Kukahulumeni nesinqumo le isakhamuzi udumo luketshezi Fall-Fein Edward Aleksandrovich ngomnikelo zakhe ezivelele ukuze kulondolozwe izikhumbuzo nakumasiko yeRussia, kanye nemisebenzi yesihle, zezenhlalakahle kanye yokugcinwa.