Bobani boatmen futhi lokho ababekwenza?

Abaningi abafundi lanamuhla, ukutadisha imisebenzi yobuciko Russian Awukwazi ukuphendula umbuzo ngobani haulers njalo. Nokho laba bantu uma savusa ezahlukene imizwa phakathi kwakhe abantu besikhathi, kusukela edabukisayo ephelele ukwenqatshwa. Sizozama ukwenaba ngalolu daba.

Lisho ukuthini leli mkhakha?

Burlacu eRussia ngokuthi abasebenzela inkokhelo babe avame ukuba abantu abavela kumasegmenti empofu kakhulu yenhloko-labantu, okuyinto sidonse usebenzisa izintambo ezinde izitsha iqhubu zomhlaba ngokumelene wamanje. Kwakuwumsebenzi onzima ngokomzimba, okuyinto eyenziwa ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka. Burlachestva isikhathi eyathatha kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ukuze basekelane, laba bantu bamunye co-op. Njengomthetho, Burlatskii umsebenzi akazange abangele eningi nenhlonipho futhi kubhekwa ngendlela baphoqeleka ukuba bathole imali.

Umholo wawumncane ongaphakeme ngokwanele, ngakho lo msebenzi waba eningi abangenamakhaya iziphanzi futhi ngokuvamile abangenamakhaya. Burlacu ngokuvamile baba ex-iziboshwa nabantu nge idumela ezingabazisayo.

Namuhla udaba nezokusigcoba ukuthi wadonsa boatmen. bona ikakhulukazi kwadingeka donsa uhlolo olukhulu, eyayihunyushwe ophucwa traction steamship. Lezi zitsha asetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla ezehlukene.

Burlachestvo njengendlela yokuphila

Ukuze ingxenye yabo vagrants umsebenzi encane inzuzo isiyindlela yangempela yokuphila. Burlak - umuntu, njengoba umthetho, zibancishe umndeni kanye nabazibophezele. Ngohlobo Lomuntu Okufanele Ube tumbleweed, ubuntu, khulula ezibophweni eziningi zomphakathi wancishwa izibusiso eziningi zokuphila.

co-op Iningi kwakungamadodana iVolga. inhloko-dolobha yabo okwakuseduze layo umuzi Rybinsk.

Ngakho, umbuzo ngubani haulers nalokho abakwenzile iVolga, impendulo kungaba: liklilasi ezithile nezenhlalakahle Russian Empire of the ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, eyayihlanganisa abantu netindlela tekuphila, ngokuvamile abantu kusuka phansi emphakathini.

Isithombe yobuciko Russian

Kakhulu kakhulu obonakaliswe umfanekiso isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla hauler Russian art, eye njalo wafuna jikelele indlela isithombe amalungelo abantu. abantu abanjalo banjengoMariya akekho omunye, isifuthefuthe ngaphansi kwalesi ekahle: eqinile, enamandla, ngesibindi phansi, emele eyisihlubuki uhlamvu Russian.

Mayelana Burlaka, lapho ezwa ngosizi lwabo of Nekrasov wabhala inkondlo "On the iVolga" (1860), labo ababebanga ukuba nesithakazelo esikhulu babantu besikhathi sakhe.

Le timu ziboniswe yakhe imisebenzi, kanye nezinye eziningi abalobi kanye izimbongi. Kodwa mhlawumbe umsebenzi edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa namanje isithombe I. E. Repina ngokuthi "Barge Haulers phezu iVolga". Le Umdwebo omkhulukazi lwabangela ukuba mkhulu phakathi abalandeli umculi. Njengenjwayelo, Repin ngesineke abantu abahlukahlukene abanale Imibono ezahlukene isabelo sabo Burlatskii: kusukela bephelelwe yithemba ilungela ukulwa bajabule.

By endleleni, lokhu Umdwebo wathenga omunye omkhulu izikhulu Romanovs futhi ngokuvamile bayikhombisa yakhe izivakashi.

Bobani boatmen: Umlando eRussia

Le timu okungukuthi ngenkuthalo ezimboziwe e documentary izincwadi elidlule leminyaka. Eziningi zalezi hauler isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla wabhala Muscovite ezidumile intatheli V Giljarovsky. Nabo bengangazi Giljarovsky imigwaqo eminingi futhi owaziwa, futhi ukuphila kwabo futhi indlela yabo yokuphila.

On umbuzo ngobani haulers, kafushane Giljarovsky uthumele le: abantu, abantu abafani, ngokuvamile nje ebanjwe esimweni esinzima, kodwa olungenayo esinjengomuntu futhi umphefumulo womuntu.

Isithakazelo Burlacu futhi kubangelwa isithakazelo zamasiko abo. Umculi odumile Chaliapin F. ngempumelelo kwenziwa enye yezingoma zesonto lazo "Oh, Dubinushka, Uhnem!".

Burlachestvo isigaba sezenhlalo laqala ukunyamalala kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, lapho kwakukhona imikhumbi, ayisekho kudingeka ngikhishwa abantu ogwini.

Nokho, le nkinga iye yaqhubeka inzuzo udumo, kangangokuthi ngisho ovulekile nezihlakaniphi ayazi kahle ukuthi ungubani lo haulers. Njengomthetho, isithombe laba bantu okufunwayo nge ingcindezelo kudlula Russian abantu phakathi wamavukelambuso-nomqondo kwentsha.

Ngokusemthethweni umsebenzi Burlatskii wawuvinjelwe e-USSR. Nokho, waphoqwa ukuba esetshenziswa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.

Namuhla, le ndaba besikhathi zethu zaziwe, kunalokho, esekelwe imisebenzi yobuciko. Ngakho-ke, kukhona amaculo amasha, futhi imidwebo emisha kwezobuciko ukuthi kulandiswe ngobani haulers.