ImpiloIzifo nemibandela

Paraplegia - Iyini?

Paraplegia - kuyinto ukukhubazeka cuphuluza lo zokugula, ukuhlukumezeka. Uma abathintekayo nemilenze kukhona phezulu, phansi. Kususelwa kule angawodwa paraplegia phezulu, phansi.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Lesi sifo kanyekanye kokubili aphansi (elingenhla) zomzimba. It ngokuvamile kubangelwa iziyaluyalu emgogodleni. Imbangela ezivame kakhulu, ngokusho izibalo - ukushayisana kwezimoto. Kakhulu kangakanani, kodwa namanje wathola paraplegia wemikhawulo aphansi, engenhla, sokucasuka izifo umgogodla, emgogodleni.

Kukhona division zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:

  • paraplegia kubangelwa umgogodla cord yokulimala engxenyeni engezansi;
  • tetraplegia, cuphuluza ukulimala yomgogodla engenhla.

Ngesikhathi last amane nemilenze kukhona okhubazekile. Upper elingalodwa futhi sikhona, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu. Ukuze-ke kungabangela izimila, nokopha petechial.

Paraplegia - kuyinto sokugembula, iningi abathintekayo abasebenzisa izihlalo zabakhubazekile. Kubonakala iso ukukhubazeka - hhayi kuphela lokuhambisana isifo. Ngazuza kanye lezinceku spastic paraplegia conjugate ngenombolo enkulu iziyaluyalu izinhlelo zangaphakathi zokuphendula umzimba.

izizathu

Lesi sifo kuphakamisa umonakalo:

  • umgogodla;
  • ihhashi umsila nomgogodla;
  • izimpande emsipheni.

ingozi iqembu - amadoda abaneminyaka engu 15-45, okungukuthi, abantu ngokuvamile awela nezinye izingozi ezokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona paraplegia lezinceku senziwa ufuzo.

symptomatology

Paraplegia - iyisifo ephelezelwa zimpawu ezilandelayo:

  • ukunyakaza iziyaluyalu;
  • ubuhlungu;
  • ezinkingeni;
  • ukungasebenzi zokuzala, izinhlelo urinary;
  • sphincter ukungasebenzi;
  • autonomic, abanokukhubazeka sezinzwa.

Izinkinga ukunyakaza

Paraplegia - ukuphazamiseka lapho ukunyakaza cishe noma kungenzeki nhlobo nhlobo. Okungukuthi, kungakanani ukukhubazeka isiteleka umzimba kuxhomeke ezingeni esiphakamisa umbhalo wokulinyazwa. Kwezinye izimo, kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo paraplegia iyunifomu lapho esiphelweni kwenzeka afanako ngenhlonipho nomgogodla. Okungenzeka thuthuva okungajwayelekile. It kuxhomeke ekutheni umgogodla intambo sigaba ngaphansi buhlungu.

Uma kwenzeka yokulimala ukuxhumana kwemizwa ukuwa, okuholela ukunyakaza ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka ngesikhathi osithandayo, futhi aze abe nobudlova. Imisipha ithoni iba ephakeme, okuyinto Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu kuya flexors. Uma umuntu ezama ukuqondisa esitho, lokhu kuholela Ukuwohloka isimo. Elingenhla, paraplegia ephansi libhekene spasticity. Uma abathintekayo emsipheni izimpande, kungenzeka imisipha hypotonia. Kulokhu, kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo paraplegia flaccid.

ukungasebenzi sezinzwa

Lapho abalimala isikhumba ukuzwela siyabhubha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlupheka ngokuningi:

  • nekhono lokuqonda ubuhlungu;
  • umqondo touch;
  • lokushisa isasasa.

Ukuzwela kwama yonke echithekayo. Labo engavamile kubantu enempilo wokuthi kuphakamisa engenhla, paraplegia ephansi, isayensi Ivame ukubizwa paresthesia. Uma bubonisa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, umuntu kalula bayalimala noma zishiswe, futhi alimazanga okwenzekile. Uma ukuzwela kulahleka ngokuphelele, awokuthi ingcindezi izilonda, njengoba ephelezelwa ukwephulwa kuphazamiseka trophic.

ukuzwela umzimba evumela abantu abayimiqemane ukuqonda ukuthi yini isikhundla ke ithatha emkhathini, kangakanani ingcindezi bafakela kuye kanjani okukhulu phuca amandla. Ngo iziyaluyalu kubangelwa paraplegia, uzizwa eziphukile, ngakho-ke abantu aphansi esitho izilonda kungaba siqonde isikhundla hlala, kodwa uma ubheka kubo. Ukusebenzisa izandla, udinga ukubheka kwabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo basuke unenkinga okulinganisa, kanye lesisu ehlaselwa ukukhubazeka. Iziguli ukuthi nginesifo paraplegia, esekhala isiyezi, ukwesaba izindawo eziphakeme.

Ubuhlungu paraplegia

Njengoba zigqila futhi paraplegia spastic Adolph Strümpell ezahlukene ubuhlungu ophikelelayo syndrome. Uma elimele, kubonakala ngokushesha, kodwa lilondolozwe ukuphila. Ubuhlungu kungenzeka kulezo izingxenye zomzimba lapho uzwela akuyona siphukile, kodwa indawo isiteleka futhi walahlekelwa ukuzwela.

Spinal intambo ukulimala kusho ukuthi imizwa tisebenta kahle, nobuchopho ithola ulwazi uhlanekezelwe ukuthi ayihambisani ngokoqobo. Ezinye iziteshi Idatha avimbelwe ngokuphelele.

Ubuhlungu sifo kakhulu abantu, ebangela ukucindezeleka, kunciphisa lizinga lemphilo, kuphakamisa ukucindezeleka njalo, ukukhathazeka. Kwezinye syndrome livela, ibisinyamalala bese ibuyisela, ngesikhathi abanye ke kungokwaphakade. Ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukubeka ubuhlungu kwesifo yokugcina - isibonelo, ukukhomba izinkinga zesikhumba, amathumbu, kwesinye. Kwezinye izimo, ubuhlungu is senziwa ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka, ngisho nakho. Medicine uyazi izimo eziningi lapho amandla yobuhlungu bathonya ushintsho lokushisa endlini.

ukungasebenzi autonomic

paraplegia spastic kubonakala:

  • hyperreflexia;
  • dysreflexia;
  • ingcindezi yokwanda kwama;
  • ukuphathwa ikhanda;
  • ajulukayo;
  • Ukugodola;
  • Goosebumps.

Izizathu eziyinhloko:

  • ukutheleleka;
  • ukusonteka kwesinye;
  • izinkinga zesikhumba;
  • hemorrhoids;
  • catheterization.

kungenzeka yini ukuthi kwephulwe ibhalansi ezishisayo we umzimba, senziwa ukusebenza ayilungile izitsha yenhliziyo. Umjuluko izindawo isici elise ngezansi endaweni elimele.

ukwelashwa

Lokho okungalindelwa uma paraplegia kwatholakala? Ukwelashwa lwalezizinsuku, ngeshwa, njengoba enjalo, alikho. Uma ukulimala etholakala, kubalulekile ukugxila imizamo ku nokuqedwa imiphumela oyingozi. Njengomthetho, isiguli usebenze, ukuqeda waphuka, ukuhlola isimo jikelele umzimba, ukutadisha emgogodleni yembula izinga umonakalo futhi uhlamvu yabo.

Khona-ke iqala esigabeni ukuvuselelwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, odokotela ukusiza iziguli ukubuyisela ukusebenza komzimba ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokulinganiswa imisipha elise ngezansi endaweni elimele is esifakiwe asalile ukulawula imisebenzi. Ukuze izindawo umzimba ngaphezu lesion Kulinganiselwa asalile amandla ezingaba khona. Kuyasiza ukuthola izivivinyo elilungile, izinqubo okuhloswe ngalo ukuba kuqeqeshwe abantu bakhonza ngokwabo. Yiqiniso, imiphumela ngisho nokuvuselelwa ephumelela kunazo sibonisa kuphela esikhathini eside esizako.

izigaba engeziwe yokwelashwa

Uma okokuqala ngemva ukulimala isiguli iyagula nokugula zokuphefumula, kuyodingeka uhlele ukupholisa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, dala amanzi postural, ukufundisa umuntu ukukhwehlela. Sebenzisa amasu ezikhethekile ithuthukiswe iziguli paraplegia. Esikhathini esizayo, sizobe ukwenze njalo.

Enye inqubo ngempumelelo - a Physiotherapy. Le nqubo yakhelwe emalungeni isiguli Yayintininiza futhi. Luhilela ukusebenza endaweni ethintekile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we udokotela - ukuvimbela imisipha, okuholela ukuhamba encishisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza eqinisa imisipha.

Ukwelashwa kwemfuyo kusebenza ngempela isimiso, ngokusekelwe amakhono isiguli futhi ekugcineni eqala iqoqo ezahlukene ebanzi of imisebenzi. Qala:

  • Ukufunda self-ephakamisa kusukela embhedeni;
  • ukwamukelwa of postures ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile;
  • ubambe ukulinganisela awulutho;
  • abangu ngokwakho;
  • isilawuli sabakhubazekile.

Lapho paraplegia inikezwe ukukhubazeka. Laba bantu zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo futhi wayengisekela, lokho kuncike yobude bokuphila kwakhe. Uma izinqubo zokwelapha, zokwelapha ngokucophelela, bese abantu bazokwazi iphile isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Kodwa ubunzima yokuqala imvelo ehlanzekile singaholela ezinkingeni eziningi, ukuhlaselwa amagciwane kanye ukuvuvukala izibilini izinhlelo, izinkinga trophic ukuthi kungabangela sepsis. Uma ukutheleleka iba generalized, anda ingozi yokufa.

isifo Ubuhlobo

Adolph Strümpell paraplegia - iyisifo yokuthi lisho:

  • ethuthukayo;
  • ezingelapheki.

Lapho umgogodla pyramidal indlela yakhe abathintekayo nhlangothi zombili. Lesi sifo sibangelwa preconditions zofuzo: ngofuzo. Ezimweni eziningi, ifa zenyathi spastic kwenzeka ngendlela esikhubazayo, kodwa kunethuba ephezulu kakhulu. Izifo kwenzeka sina. Kodwa paraplegia okumsulwa ngokuvamile wadluliselwa isakhi evelele. Kukholakala ukuthi kukhona izakhi zofuzo ezithile normal ezibanga zokugula umndeni. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ngenxa yala izakhi zofuzo kufanele kube engu lapho isifo ziqala ukukhula.

Lapho paraplegia Adolph Strümpell pyramidal uhlangothi indlela yokuvuselela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izinguquko zenzeka ezithelo Gaulle. Uphethwe cortex cerebral. Lesi sifo heterogeneous. Adolph Strümpell emibhalweni yakhe echazwe umndeni subtype spastic lesi sifo, okuyinto in umkhuba kuyaqabukela isilungisiwe. Okuningi kaningi waphawula paraparesis spastic, lapho le ndawo ethintekile - nasemilenzeni aphansi. Kulezi zimo, spasticity evelele phezu paresis. Isayensi namuhla imbangela isifo emkhakheni wesithupha cortex cerebral, okuyinto ekuqaleni imicu extrapyramidal.

ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo

paraplegia Umkhaya ngokuvamile iqala buthule kakhulu. Okokuqala umuntu uthi imilenze yakhe usukhathele ngokushesha futhi kakhulu, ekugcineni unomuzwa wokuthi izitho hambisa sengathi ezihambisanayo. Imisipha ithoni liyakhula, okuholela umsipha reflex ukunyakaza. Ngokuvamile kukhona Babinski.

Ukudlondlobala kwalesi sifo kubonisa clonuses izinyawo, amadolo. Okulandelayo ukuxilonga izifo flexion zomzimba. Tonus ukhula kakhulu kakhulu, imisipha buthaka, kodwa ukukhubazeka njengoba enjalo namanje akanawo. Kubantu, izinguquko Gait, iba "spastic". amalunga omzimba sikhubazekile, ekushintsheni lamatshwayo zabo, ngaleyo ndlela sokucasuka ikhaliphe zokuzivikela.

Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli ukulondolozwa ikhaliphe cutaneous, izitho kwezitho zangasese kungakhonjiswa ngendlela ukusebenza. IQ asishintshi, abantu bangakwazi nokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza kwabo futhi lokho kungalungisi iziyaluyalu ukuzwela. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kunqubo omubi abathintekayo nasemilenzeni engenhla. Akukona kwenzeke e-100% amacala, kodwa amathuba le ithuthukiswa. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe ezikhulayo imisipha ithoni, ikhaliphe umsipha ziyancipha, izimpawu kaningi pseudobulbar.

Inkathazo akezi wedwa

izikhathi Akuvamile kakhulu lapho paraplegia spastic livela lodwa, ngaphandle kokuba sihambisana nezinye izifo. Ngokuvamile uhlushwa nezinye izinhlelo zangaphakathi. Isikhathi esining impela paraplegia kubangelwa isizinda zofuzo, ukuxilonga STIs ataxia sitholwa njengefa. Kukhona paraplegia uxhumano kanye syndromes amyotrophic. Kodwa kuze kube lamuhla, odokotela abazi isifo phenotypic maqondana inqubo eyodwa noma ekucasulile isakhi sofuzo yabo ehlukile.

Ngokuvamile paraplegia ephelezelwa yoma we izinzwa obhekene umbono, ubuthakathaka imisipha iso zangaphandle, nystagmus futhi dysarthria. Esikhathini zokugula fixed izinguquko kwengqondo, isithuthwane hyperkinesis, inhloso liqhaqhazela.

Pathology kanye nobudala

Akukho imininingwane eqondile ngokuthi iminyaka paraplegia spastic buqondene nomuntu onesifo a Umlando womkhaya wokusebenzisa kabi ke. imiphumela yocwaningo olwenziwa phakathi iziguli akhawunti obulungu umndeni, okuyinto yenza ukuba odokotela bakwazi ukusungula ngokunembile, ngisho nalapho kuziwa izihlobo, lesi sifo isabonakala emazingeni ahlukene, akukho okufana ngaso. Ezinye zezimpawu zesifo Okokuqala ngaphawula ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, kwezinye pathologies kukhona ngokwesilinganiso yobudala amadala.

Uma kuziwa paraplegia okumsulwa, ngenkathi izibalo ezithile ongathi: iqembu ingozi - kweminyaka eyi-10-20. Lesi sifo kancane kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo baba nomuzwa intuthuko yakhe. Ngokuvamile, iziguli baphile isikhathi eside, ngisho ukuphila size siguge. Kukhona amacala ifike avuse izimpawu kanye nezifo izifo.

paraplegia flaccid

Ukwephulwa ephathelene ne-lesion izinzwa obhekene ukunyakaza. Isizathu kungaba:

  • ukuhlukumezeka;
  • uvendle;
  • ukuvuvukala;
  • polyneuritis;
  • plexitis.

paraplegia Flaccid bavame ukubambezela, kancane kancane, uqinile attenuation ingqondo. Ngokuyinhloko kuthinte imisipha, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inqubo uyanda. Imisipha wehlise ubukhulu, excitability kagesi ukuwa. Indlela olunembile kakhulu ukuthola isifo - electromyogram.

Lapho paraplegia flaccid kungenzeka atony. Ezimweni eziningi, le ntuthuko kusikisela ukudabuka of emgogodleni cishe ngokuphelele (noma ngokuphelele). izitho okhalo ulahlekelwe kahle, akunakwenzeka ukuhambisa umzimba wakhe ngezansi endaweni ethintekile. Kodwa kukhona okunye okukhethwa kukho. Uma zokugula ngokuzumayo babengenalo preconditions, mhlawumbe, isizathu diaschisis lapho izinzwa okwesikhashana phezani umsebenzi.

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