Kuyini imisipha ithoni?

Imisipha ithoni - omunye izakhiwo bokuphila emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuthi lo isimo engakaze isungulwe, kodwa kukhona eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziningana aphethwe ochwepheshe. Imisipha ukungezwani uphumule okungenzeka bahlukunyezwe izici noma izifo ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa zangaphandle. Zimbili izinhlobo zokugula: hypertonicity futhi hypotonia. Isihloko ezinemininingwane sibheke izimpawu zabo kanye nokwelashwa.

Inani imisipha ithoni

Tonic imisipha ukungezwani - evamile isimo bokuphila emzimbeni womuntu, okuyinto eyenziwa ezingeni reflex. Ngaphandle kwayo, bekungeke kube khona ukuze kukwazi ukunyakaza ngendlela eziningi, kanye ukuze zigcine indawo zomzimba. Imisipha ithoni kugcina umzimba ezilungele senzo. Lena injongo eyinhloko ke.

Iyini indlela kwemisipha ithoni evamile? Uma ngesikhathi ukunyakaza kuhilela konke Imicu yotshani Indwangu, lonke alandela nomunye. Nakuba omunye esishubile, abanye baphumule. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inqubo oluthinta ngqo isimo psycho-ngokomzwelo umuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwehla imisipha ithoni kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala. State sihambisana nokuzola yemvelo: iyehlisa injabulo ngokweqile.

imisipha ithoni isiqondiso Kwenziwa usebenzisa alpha- futhi gamma-motoneurons, futhi uthi lokuphotha afferents. I pulses ivela ingqondo. Ekugcineni kwemisipha ithoni ukuhlangabezana le ganglia basal, cerebellum, ubuchopho obuphakathi (obomvu nucleus substantia nigra, quadrigemina, ukwakheka reticular). Uma sithinta izinzwa obhekene amaphaphu tonic kuphakama ukungezwani okwaba khona: hypotension noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme imisipha.

Sifo e abadala

ithoni ushintsho singenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile kuba isifo isimiso sezinzwa noma isimo eziyinkimbinkimbi psycho-ngokomzwelo. Ekuxazululeni impikiswano ukwephulwa kwemisipha ithoni wezinzwa noma wezifo zamathambo. Ukuxilonga kahle, afeze ukuhlolwa. Uhlaziya imisipha ukungezwani ukunyakaza ekhululekile izimpambosi ngosizo ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: iconsi ikhanda, supination-pronation, ukushwiba umlenze, emahlombe shaking, nabanye.

Hlola nzima impela: akuzona zonke nesineke ungakhululeka ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezibalulekile futhi ziqu udokotela - ukuhlola isimo esithinta ijubane ukunyakaza yekwentiwa. Kwangathi skew imiphumela futhi iziphi izici zangaphandle: imisipha ithoni washintsha ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa, nesimo sengqondo. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zidinga kabusha luhlolo.

Tonus e izingane ezingaphansi konyaka

I isithelo sesizalo liseduze kakhulu, + kangangokuthi bonke imisipha e ukungezwani njalo. Emva kokuzalwa kwengane yakho waphawula hypertonicity bokuphila. Kulokhu, inhloko aphonswe emuva, futhi imilenze nezingalo zinikwa umzimba.

Ngasiphi imisipha onezinkinga, kuthinte yokuma nomntwana esizalweni futhi inqubo lokuzalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho praevia siqu ukuzwakala anda entanyeni (usana Ufaka ikhanda lakhe emuva). Ngesikhathi isikhundla "phambili izibunu" imilenze womntwana owashukumisela ngaphandle obumba engela 90 °. Embhedeni, ingane izama ukuthatha ajwayelekile isikhundla fetus.

Sifo ithoni ezinganeni

Ngokusebenzisa luhlolo, udokotela wezingane noma udokotela wezinzwa mayelana nesimo se-imisipha ithoni wengane nge izici ezilandelayo:

• Ngo 1 inyanga nomntwana olele esiswini wakhe, abazama ukukhulisa ikhanda futhi uphethe ke imizuzwana embalwa. Imilenze kwenza flexion ukunyakaza efana nokudweba. Uma we shintsha kwengalo ngezinyawo, kuyothiwa wacasulwa ke.
• Ngu izinyanga 3 ingane endala kunesithembiso ikhanda sakhe ngokuqiniseka. Uma uphakamisa ke okuqondile, imilenze uzokwenza ukunyakaza efana nokuhamba. Ingane angathembela ngezinyawo. Uma wambeka emhlane wakhe bese udonsa isibambo, ukuthi kuyobonakala ngelinye ilanga ngesikhathi amabutho abo.
• Kufika 6 izinyanga umntwana liphenduka kusukela esiswini kuya emuva, uzama uvuke lakho konke okuhamba ngezine, ubambe izinto ezincane.
• Ngu ngonyaka ingane ehlezi ngokuqiniseka, bezama ukuhamba ngokusekelwa yena, eba emihle motor amakhono.

Uma izinyane angeke senze lezi zinyathelo ngenxa ukungezwani ngokweqile, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba buthakathaka kwezicubu, khuluma zokugula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela ihlola ithoni wesimethri. Kuze kube yimanje, yanjalo bend-waqonda izingalo nemilenze ingane. Ukulandelela nokunyakaza asebenzayo kwezimo ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene. Ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela kubhekwa hypotonia, hypertonia, Ngokuqhubeka ngisho ngesikhathi sokulala, futhi dystonia.

Izinhlobo izimbangela Hyper ukuthuthukiswa yayo

imisipha Ukwandiswa ithoni kungase kubonakaliswe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa phakathi:

• Spasticity - eba ngenxa ubuchopho kuhlasimulise futhi balimala eqolo, meningitis, encephalopathy, i-cerebral palsy, yi-multiple sclerosis, unhlangothi. Libhekene ukusatshalaliswa engalingani hypertonicity, spasm lapho zihlatshwa kuphela amaqembu athile imisipha.
• Isandla esiqine ngokweqile - waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi lwamathambo imisipha ithoni, kuphakama ezifweni isimiso sezinzwa, isenzo ezinobuthi of ubuthi ezithile.
• Gegenhalten - kakhulu okwandisa nokumelana imisipha ngesikhathi ukunyakaza yokwenziwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo. It kuvela ngokuqondene izilonda ipheshana corticospinal noma okuxubile ezindaweni frontal zobuchopho.
• Myotonia - elinesimo Ukwehla eziphumulele imisipha esishubile emva ukunyakaza asebenzayo.
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu Psychogenic - kwakhiwa "arc akahlanye" ngesikhathi kokuquleka.

Izingane imbangela Hyper sokuzalwa umuntu elimele, hypoxia nalapho esesikwa, ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa kanye nobuchopho, meningitis, ukucasuka ngokweqile noma hyperactivity.

Izimpawu ze-Hyper

Kwegazi sivezwe kula imisipha yokucindezeleka ngokweqile esimweni esikhululekile. Lesi sifo bungabonakala izici ezilandelayo:

• wehlise yezimoto umsebenzi, ukuqina imisipha;
• seal;
• umuzwa ukungezwani njalo;
• ubuhlungu;
• amajaqamba;
• baphikisana kakhulu kuya imisipha ngesikhathi ukunyakaza nje kuphela;
• nabantwana bememeza, ukucasuka, kukhuphuke imisipha ukumelana ngesikhathi okuphindaphindiwe flexion-isandiso ukunyakaza;
• sesimweni iqotho izinyawo ukwesekwa onyaweni ngazo ingane ngokuba ku tiptoe;
• deceleration intuthuko motor wengane (akusho shwabanisa, akusho ukukhasa, akusho ukuya baba ubudala).

Isaziso gipertonus omdala noma ingane kube lula, ikakhulukazi ngezigaba nokulinganisela ezinzima. Izinguquko Gait, izenzo kwenziwe ivukuza, lula. Izingane ngesikhathi esifanayo aboshezelwa sendlala, ngokuvamile ukukhala ubuthongo kabi, ubuhlungu basabela ikhona, ngisho Umsindo omncane nje. Ngemva kokudla ukuhlanza ezinkulu zenzeka.

Izimbangela zesifo imisipha hypotension

Ukusebenza kwemisipha okubuthakathaka ithoni libhekene-low voltage Indwangu esimweni esikhululekile, ngenxa okuyinto kuba nzima ngibalethe senzo. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa umonakalo noma isifo se-umgogodla, cerebellum noma ukuphazamiseka kwempilo extrapyramidal kanye izilonda cerebellar. Amacala kanye nokuquleka ngesikhathi lapho encishisiwe imisipha ithoni okwesikhashana. Lokhu kwenzeka esigabeni acute unhlangothi noma yesibili izimila ebuchosheni.

Ukusebenza kwemisipha okubuthakathaka ithoni ezinganeni nomfutho wegazi ophezulu bungavami. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo kungenziwa senziwa prematurity, imisiwe ukuthuthukiswa ubuchopho, ukulimala kwenzwa neuropathy phakathi kwenqubo lokuzalwa, kwasekuzalweni,-Down syndrome, yamathambo.

imisipha hypotension okunezimpawu ezinganeni yilezi:

• ukucobeka, phezu-ekhululekile isimo;
• iziyaluyalu zokuphefumula, ukungakwazi ukugwinya, ncela;
• umsebenzi abampofu ngokomzimba;
• ukozela ngokweqile, abampofu isisindo somzimba.

Ukwephula imisipha ithoni bebheke ukwehla yayo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni lapho usukhulile. Ukuze lokhu ngokuvamile kuholele ezifweni ezihlukahlukene: sokuwohloka kwemisipha, sepsis, yamathambo, meningitis, Sandifer syndrome. Isimo ephelezelwa buthakathaka ngokomzimba, encishisiwe ukumelana lapho wenza ukunyakaza yekwentiwa. Amalunga e flexion ngokuzimela unbend, imisipha, buthambile.

dystonia kwemisipha e abadala kanye nezingane

Lapho dystonia imisipha ithoni kukhona engalingani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona izimpawu kokubili hypotension kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Izimpawu eyinhloko dystonia ezinganeni nakubantu abadala yilezi:

• ukungezwani ngokweqile imisipha ethile futhi aziphumulele zabanye;
• ukusikwa spastic;
• ukunyakaza okungalindelekile ka imilenze noma izingalo;
• ukunyakaza okusheshayo noma kancane ngabanye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.

Thuthukisa isimo ngenxa yofuzo, izifo ezithathelwanayo, lokuzalwa ukuhlukumezeka, ukudakwa ezinzima.

ukwelashwa

Imisipha ithoni kubalulekile kujwayeleke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni. Inchubekelembili izimpawu kuholela ukuphazamiseka ukunyakaza, ukugobeka komhlandla,-cerebral palsy, ukuthuthukiswa imisiwe. Kukhona izindlela eziningana ekwelashweni:

• massage kwemisipha ithoni linikeza imiphumela emihle kule unhlangothi imisipha, xova, yokwelula, ukuqeqesha amandla abo, okwenza ukunyakaza bokuphila (flexion-isandiso);
• Physiotherapy e t h emanzini ..;
• Physiotherapy: electrophoresis, imisindo ephansi, ukwelashwa nge ukushisa, amanzi kanye muds;
• ezimweni ezinzima, zisebenzisa izidakamizwa, phakathi okungase babelwe B amavithamini, dibazol, Mydocalmum.

Lapho ozama khululeka hypertonia imisipha usebenzisa imivimbo, ukuhlukumezeka sokuphulukiswa, massage mnene, elula. Uma hypotension kwenzeka, kunalokho, zishukumisa motor ukunyakaza, imisipha ithoni ngokwenza izivivinyo. umsebenzi Motor kakhulu ngcono ngezimo zesiguli.

Ukwephula imisipha ithoni - inkinga evamile ezinsaneni kanye nabantu abadala kanye izifo ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa. Kulula ukuba aphathe ngosizo massage, okungenani - kwemithi. Mobility siphinde sibe nokuphila okuvamile, futhi ngisho nomkhondo uhlala yenkinga. Into esemqoka - isikhathi aqale ukwelashwa, akakuvumeli ukwephulwa okungathí sina, bese ngeziphambeko ukuthuthukiswa kwe-skeleton kanye nemisipha.