"Pasvik" State Nature Reserve. Izilwane ezifuywayo inqolobane "Pasvik"

Kuyinto esiqiwini lesithathu ngobukhulu e-Murmansk esifundeni. It yadalwa 1992 nangokwesinqumo sokwahlulela soMthetho woHulumeni Russian isifundo kanye nokongiwa emahlathini kaphayini umkhawulo enyakatho yokusabalalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiqiwini kumele kwenziwe ukuqapha jikelele wezimiso zemvelo enyakatho. • Kushayisana ngemcondvo zihambelane zone evikelwe indaba lezi zindawo.

Kwezinye izindawo, abavubukuli bathola iminonjana ngabantu basendulo. Endulo kulezi zindawo wahlala Sami, ngubani babehilelekile ukudoba, reindeer, bazulazula kanye esigodini emfuleni. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, kwakukhona isiRashiya, baseNorway, Finns. Leli zwe phambi 1918 ingeyamakhosi sifundazwe Arkhangelsk, wathuthela neSoviet Union eleza ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili.

Bhuka "Pasvik" - indawo sesikhana ukuze imizimba amanzi Waterfowl eminingi - ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi Whooper, goose, amadada izinyoni sihamba, kanye nayo ekulondolozweni embhedeni emfuleni Paz.

Le ndawo has a isiko ocebile nomlando. Bhuka "Pasvik" - a ukusebenzisana wezazi Norwegian futhi Russian. It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ngokungalingani endaweni ngimatasa futhi. Baqamba amanga nhlangothi zombili emngceleni egijima ngomfula Paz.

"Pasvik": State Indawo egicna imvelo

Marshes namachibi hlala bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli kule nsimu. amahlathi Pine ukumboza 40% endaweni evikelwe. In the isikhungo, phezu emathafeni, ezinde ezintabeni kuze kufinyelele 380 amamitha.

"Pasvik" - inqolobane nemvelo isetshenzwe. Lokhu ezindawo indawo contact zinhlobo zemvelo Western zezilwane nezitshalo ne empumalanga. Sasibonakala ezintabeni okuxubile namathafa, amaxhaphozi kanye ehlathini nezimfunda.

Paz River kanye Lake

Bhuka "Pasvik" elise ngomfula. Kugeleza endaweni evikelwe. Umfula avela Inari (Finland) kanye agelezela Varanger Fjord (uBarents Sea). ubude bayo - 147 km, esiphezulu ukuphakama umehluko - mayelana 119 amamitha. Ngaphambili emfuleni siqanjwe amachibi amakhulu, Rapids nezimpophoma kuhlanganiswe. Base 2 5 izitshalo amandla Norwegian futhi Russian ezakhiwa. Kuphela endaweni encane walondoloza emfuleni zemvelo embhedeni. Namuhla yayibhekwa njengenguqulo enhle kakhulu Waterfowl. Le sayithi ngokuthi Fyarvann, eyahunyushwa isuselwa Norwegian ngokuthi "phansi Lake".

Lakes hlala bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli le nsimu yayibona "Pasvik", ingxenye enkulu umbono wazo on enyakatho esiqiwini. Iningi lawo abantu engajulile, kukhona ezinodaka, enesihlabathi esiningi noma peaty ezingwini. Kukhona echibini futhi entabeni nezitsha. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - Kaskamayarvi. Itholakala inhliziyo esiqiwini. endaweni yaso 188 amahektha kanye nokujula esiphezulu okukhulu kuka-20 m, ogwini olunamadwala.

Varlam isiqhingi

Kuleli sayithi kunendawo encane esiqhingini Nature Reserve. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, lapho ababehlala futhi besebenza kuzo Hans Skonning - umfundi ornithologist eNorway. Waqale wethulwa emhlabeni yesayensi kule ndawo futhi wabhala incwadi ngesikhathi sakhe esiqhingini. Lo msebenzi bamlethela udumo emhlabeni wonke. Le ncwadi yayibhalwe zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba abaningi bafuna ukuza kule ndawo.

Muva nje, H. Skonniga endlini lavuselelwa kuleli chibi. Namuhla isetshenziswa njengendlela base inkambu okwashiwo nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi siqhingi ngo-1995, umngcele umbhoshongo ubudala kabusha futhi kabusha ku ornithological, esangenza inyoni ababukele. Ngesikhathi wokuvula elikhulu wakhe wafika Iphrinta filipp - WWF uMongameli.

Bhuka "Pasvik" - izilwane

Iningi nezilwane ezihlukahlukene esiqiwini imelelwa zinhlobo ejwayelekile ye ehlathini. Isibalo ezincelisayo endaweni - 34 zilwane, 14 okuyizinto ezingavamile. A ingxenye enkulu kulo bayizinkulungwane namagundane.

Ukuze lezi zindawo ayisibonelo salezi izilwane ezifana amaprotheni abavamile, Ermine, impungushe abavamile, nonogwaja, marten, Ibhere elinsundu, amaphiva. Ngo amachibi sasivumela imiphakathi enkulu muskrat. Ibhere elinsundu kanye amaphiva zitholakala ezindaweni okuqondene kwalawa mazwe amabili angomakhelwane. Wolverine, uchakide futhi Otter zenzeka, kodwa kuyaqabukela.

"Pasvik" - inqolobane, esesikhundleni nezilwane ayo bomdabu. Lokhu reindeer - ke iyisilwane ezivamile ezifuywayo. izinyamazane Wild kungatholakala maphakathi Peninsula Kola. Reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya is kabanzi ithuthukiswe eLapland (Finland) kanye Finnmark (Norway). Kulezi zifunda, liye lalondolozwa ifomu olukhulu.

Nezilwane ezilwane ezingenamgogodla of esiqiwini kuphela lafundvwako. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lapho khona ngokomthetho 776 zama-zinambuzane, okungokwendlela oda 8. Namuhla, wafunda kakhulu yiwona Hymenoptera futhi Diptera.

spider zilwane afinyelele 68 zezintaka imindeni eyishumi nantathu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le akuyona izibalo sokugcina. ososayensi Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka.

izinyoni

Bhuka "Pasvik" kabani isithombe thina kuthunyelwe lesi sihloko, ecebile izinyoni. Baloba 229 zinhlobo lapha.

River Paz, kanye namaxhaphozi eseduze - kuba olwenzeka endaweni ebalulekile izinyoni ezifana whooper dada futhi diver black iphimbo, smew futhi Goldeneye, merganser obomvu breast Mallard. snipe Common emaxhaphozini (Izinkuni Sandpiper, Evamile snipe, Spotted Redshank) kanye grey crane.

Zaziziningi izilwane asemhlophe-tailed ukhozi nengqungqulu, goshawk, kestrel, Buzzard, Buzzard anolaka-ezinemilenze, isikhova iDemo-eared. Ukuze zilwane zasehlathini, isidleke esiqiwini zihlanganisa pipit esihlahleni futhi lesiqophamithi, redstart futhi snowbird, warbler kanye Yurok, oatmeal kanye flycatcher.

Izinyoni ezifana grouse emnyama capercaillie, hazel grouse partridges, ondlunkulu, chickadees nabanye abaningi, bahlale khona ubusika ehlathini. Njengoba ungabona nezimfunda entabeni Wheatear, bulala edlelweni, Whimbrel.

izwe yemifino

Bhuka "Pasvik" Itholakala enyakatho Boreal ihlathi zone, odlulayo singene nezimfunda. On the loMfula Paz sikhule enyakatho kakhulu zikaphayini amahlathi e-Europe.

fir laseSiberia isakazeke endaweni Pechenga. Litholakala maphakathi esiqiwini ubunjalo Mount Kalkupya. Kukhona ingxenye ehlathini eyingqayizivele, okuyinto belingazithintanga ukugawula, ubudala baso idlula iminyaka 200.

Eyesibili ezivame kakhulu kuleli wokugodlwa birch. LoMfula imifula nemifudlana zivamile izihlahlana birch. On ezindaweni flat ungabona birch emhlophe. I birch Elfin basakaza emazombezombe. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ezingavamile, kodwa ezivame birch esiliva, ikakhulukazi ngasogwini lomfula ukusakaza, emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi.