PC machine gun. Izibhamu Modern. PK machine gun

Ngoba noma yisiphi ubunye ibutho kuwumgomo ezazifunwa gunsmiths. Uma izingxenye kukhona nezilandiso, futhi amasampula ezahlukene design has izici ezifanayo, ke ngokushesha ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningana. Okokuqala, ukucinga izingxenye ezisele uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kulula. Okwesibili, amasosha uqeqesho kubelula futhi kusebenze kahle. Okwesithathu, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziyancipha. Zikhona nezinye izizathu okufanele siyiphishekele Standardization, zingabantu ngokwengqondo nemvelo, kodwa nayo ibalulekile. Kodwa uma lesi sikhali sigcina enobunye, ukuthi lokhu akwanele ukufunda akwente kuphumelele. Okubalulekile nokulwa izimfanelo. Izibhamu Modern elise izinqolobane lamazwe - nezitha ezingaba yingozi, njalo izindinganiso eziphakeme ngoba amasampula yethu. Kufanele kube khona nakakhulu, futhi kungenzeka kangcono ngokuya umlilo ukusebenza, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi, yebo, okuthembekile. Zonke lezi zidingo zanelisekile jikelele inhlukano umshini Kalashnikov isibhamu, ehlanganisa behlome ngemibese ibutho laseSoviet futhi Russian ngo-1961. Ubizwa nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, alokhu athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aziwa.

Isampula olulodwa

Umqondo womuntu oyedwa esihlanganisiwe machine gun alulusha. Cishe zonke yempi ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, wajabulela "Maxima", "Hotchkiss" futhi "Colts". Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi elihamba futhi entabeni ingxenye wazizwa isidingo amasampula ukuxegiselwa okuyinto nabizelwa uhlangothi, njengoba kuqhathaniswa Iyizeli. Qedela ukuhlanganisa kungawufinyelela uma Ochwepheshe kuphela inkampani German "Rheinmetall 'ngokubheja" lawnmower "le MG-34 (ekupheleni konyaka, ukuthuthukiswa 1934-th). Wayehola unjiniyela iphrojekthi Louis Stange. Machine gun ukuthi kube yimpumelelo enkulu, futhi amasosha iRed Army wafuna ifa izikhali efanayo. Kuphela ngemva kwempi, bamukela into efana naleyo. Injongo kwaba izici ezinhle izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo izibhamu (Iyizeli futhi ngesandla) ahambelana e isampula olulodwa. Yena kwakufanele abe ezahlukene izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba isibhamu nezinhlamvu "eside" igobolondo (lo mshini, isibonelo, yehlukile isibhamu sub-umshini) osebenza naye, uhla umlilo okuhloswe kukhulu kunesono ezivamile ngezikhali ezincane. isampula esinjalo kwakumelwe zamukele ngokuqhubekayo njengenkathi eyodwa wonke ka ebuthweni laseSoviet.

DP-27 Shilin

Ngo-1946, i- "trio" zokudala abaklami A. I. Shilina AA Dubinin futhi P. P. Polyakova, kokuba sesimanje ezijulile obuthembekile nokunokwethenjelwa DP-27 kuya imodeli cishe omusha obizwa ngokuthi RP-46. Abaklami Soviet baye basebenzisa ngezikhali ezincane nezinhlamvu uhlelo ibhande yokudla, lapho lo mshini sifunzo ihlanganiswe, plug-in kwisayithi esitolo. DP-27 kwaba kuhle, kodwa ngisho nalapho, eminyakeni yokuqala wokusebenza wezempi, kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso esikhundleni okwesikhashana akusebenzi RPD Degtyarev. Cishe zonke-Soviet izikhali ezikhethekile ibhizinisi wahlanganyela nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zabo ngethemba lokuthi liyoba isampula olulodwa.

Phakathi kwabaholi yayiyiminyaka elikhulu KB ezimbalwa, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uMdali AK-47 Kalashnikov Mihail Timofeevich, ngubani esethula isibhamu umshini PC nje inguqulo yokuqala. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1959.

Umncintiswano kanye izimbangi

Ngemva kokuxilongwa Lesisemkhatsini lokugcina, wamemezela eMnyango Wezokuvikela, amasampula amabili aphume. Elinye lawo lalise-PC (Kalashnikov machine gun), owesibili - umsebenzi onjiniyela ehamba phambili lo okb-14 (okufanayo Tula izingalo ifektri, kubalulekile ukuba banake, njengoba inkampani sekuneminyaka kanye nokuncintisana kwangaphakathi, laba kanjani nesandla izinga okusezingeni amaphrojekthi). Lokhu isampula wawujabulisa, ikhombisa ngandise imiqondo eziphambili engineering ekhethekile lokukhanda. yimpumelelo kakhulu iphuzu lokuveza tape izinhlobo ezimbili amabhokisi okwakha (200 noma 100 imizuliswano). yesivalo ukukhiya Inhlangano waqaphela njengoba omunye the best in the lula nangobuciko izisombululo zobunjiniyela. ngendlela engavamile futhi original ukuxazululwa umbuzo amagesi cutoff powder. Ukulethwa izinhlamvu owenziwa ekhethekile "iminwe." Sekukonke, isibhamu ezinhle kakhulu. Nokho, i-PC, wathandwa umncintiswano, futhi kwakukhona izizathu.

Ukungabi isibhamu Nikitin futhi Sokolov

Nge zonke izinzuzo ukuthi bakhanya isampula Nikitin futhi Sokolova, kwakusadingeka eyodwa ethile ukungabi nokwethenjelwa. Cha, akazange enqabe nhlobo, kodwa waqala ukudubula e umdlali mode olulodwa, ngemva kokuba ebilayo eziningi imizuliswano, yehliselwa emanzini. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kwabangelwa kuphakama Ukuhlanekezelwa ezishisayo ku Iyunithi enikeza. Uma uthi nhlá, isici okuncane, kodwa empini yangempela lalingabiza izibalo ukuphila. Njalo umcibisholo waphoqeleka ukuba ulayishe, ngokubeka NTC cocked izikhathi 2-3 ngesandla. Ukwephuza kuyingozi kakhulu. RPK ukuhlolwa ngokuqhathanisa baziphathe ngokugcina, akazange enqabe, ngisho nangemva ke yehliselwa phakathi ezineqhwa ngaseziseleni elise-Asia Ephakathi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi PC kusuka a Kalashnikov. isiqu

Namuhla, i-AK-47 is kahle kakhulu eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ukuthi asikho isidingo ngigxila izici nomklamo walo. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, ukuqaqa umshini waze wafundisa abafundi esikoleni esikoleni-okusezingeni eliphezulu ekilasini eziyisisekelo lezempi. Kwamanye amazwe, izingane ziyakwazi ukuphatha lezi zikhali, futhi ngesikhathi isencane kungukuthi yingcweti okwamanje kanye nezitifiketi.

Iningi izixazululo design yasungulwa futhi wasebenzisa gunsmith omkhulu Russian, ukuziqambela umshini yakhe edumile. Machine gun Kalashnikov ihlukile prototype e umgqomo kokuqala, mude, kuyinto esikhiphekayo, futhi ukuguqulwa yokuqala longitudinally ribbed ebusweni for ukudluliswa ukushisa kangcono.

nezinye izici

Ukuze kube lula PC ifakwe bipod umlilo isibhamu. Ukuthwebula e umdlali mode olulodwa singanikezwanga, ulayini kuphela. isigwedlo uhlobo fuse usebenza kuyafana AC. Umagazini Umthamo ibhokisi ngokwemvelo lande laba ngu-100 (noma ngisho 200 Iyizeli samuntu). Amandla kuyinto nerassypnoy izingcezu itheyiphu cartridges 50, nge ngokwedlulele zazo kukhona kwakwakhe yayo. Ukuze kube lula, i esithwele isibambo ezengeziwe. PC ifakwe emehlweni machine gun, idivayisi efanayo emshinini isimo, kodwa kukhona ukukhweza kwidivaysi eyengeziwe ebusuku sextant. Ukwenza lula Umklamo ngesidunu has a ngokusebenzisa-slot. Kunezinye izici design ezincane, kodwa ngokuvamile degree of ubunye isampuli likhulu kakhulu, iningi izingxenye kukhona nezilandiso, okuyinto kusiza kakhulu ukulungisa. Kamuva izibhamu umshini kudedela emgqonyeni esikhiphekayo abushelelezi, ngaphandle izimbambo Ukuphola, futhi udonga ukujiya ezinkulu.

ethangini

Izibhamu Modern kuhle hhayi kuphela esihlanganisiwe kakhulu, kodwa futhi kusebenza ukwenza imisebenzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. imodeli PC machine gun - "i-PTP", ithuthukiswe 1969, senzelwe ukusetshenziswa njengenhlangano izikhali ezengeziwe organic izimoto zempi. elawulwa kude olunikezwa inhlamvu kagesi. Kulesi simo abagibeli kungase, uma kunesidingo ukuze uyilethe isimo elihamba yayo yasekuqaleni, axube izakhi enamathiselwe ephelele (Butt bipod, isibambo). Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela impi ngokushesha okukhulu, inhlangano ilula. Umehluko kusuka prototype liqukethe Ushintshe ukuzwakalisa inhlangano, eklanyelwe inciphise intuthu ticale izindlu zempi. Umgqomo senguqulo ithangi a eside futhi usinda.

izinketho ezengeziwe

Kusukela PC, ungakwazi ukudubula sengathi isibhamu mshini abasebenzi bipod, futhi kokuncika kumadivayisi angeziwe ekulinganiseni umugqa lomlilo. Ekuqaleni, isithenjwa umshini-tripod enikeziwe, yakheke ES Samozhenkovym, ukhululekile kakhulu, kodwa okunzima. A engasindi uzimele ehlongozwayo ngu L. Stepanov, okuyinto encishisiwe isisindo amakhilogremu angaphezu kwamathathu. Kukhona bronetransporterny kukho ngokuthi PKB.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka INcwadi Yonyaka ezimbili ukusebenza lempi lempi wenzé iziphakamiso ezihlukahlukene ukuze sithuthukise izimfanelo izikhali, ezinye zazo ezazamukelwa, lokubonakala ikhodi izikhali. Ngakho umshini PC izibhamu kanye PKK, ngesihloko nencwadi ezengeziwe "H", kungenziwa ifakwe ebusuku emehlweni (NSPU noma PAR-3), i-PCB yakhelwe zokudubula izindiza lesitha.

Umhlaba phezu

izinkomba Inhloso isibhamu zimi kanje:

osezingeni Standard kuyinto 7.62mm. Isisindo ngaphandle amadivaysi ezengeziwe (okubizwa ngokuthi "umzimba") - 9 amakhilogramu. isibhamu Ubude - 1173 mm. Inhlamvu yanda e umgqomo a ijubane 825 m / s. Lapho kokudubula izinga 650 RDS. / Min ukulwa rate (isilinganiso) 250 RDS. / Min. umlilo Siqondiswe ingagcinwa buqamama engafinyelela kwengu-1 km 300 m.

I okusezingeni eliphezulu ukusebenza izici isibhamu umshini futhi linokwethenjelwa emangalisayo kunomthelela ukuthandwa yayo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ngaphezu amasampula ezikhiqizwa e-USSR, futhi iza ngaphansi kwezinkontileka ukuthekelisa eVietnam, Egypt, Libya (futhi eziningi lapho ngaphezulu), ukulandisa eyaziwa, ekhishwe kwamanye amazwe ngaphansi kwelayisense. Ngezinye izikhathi igama lashintsha, isibonelo, "Uhlobo 80" (PRC), noma "M-84" (eYugoslavia). Ngo Bulgaria futhi Romania It ikhiqizwa njengendlela Kalashnikov machine gun.