Industrial flotators zokuhlanzwa amanzi angcolile: izinhlobo kudivayisi, isimiso yokusebenza

Namuhla, izindaba zemvelo etafuleni ikhanda cishe yonke imihlangano ohulumeni emhlabeni. Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi imvelo isibe inkolo entsha kwekhulu lama-21. 2017 wamemezela Ka nokuvikelwa kwemvelo eRussia, ngakho imfundo kwemvelo - omunye imisebenzi kulo nyaka.

Kungani ngidinga okuhlanza amanzi?

The stock ingqikithi Okwezwe Ocean, 3% kuphela - kuyinto amanzi ahlanzekile, zazo 68% - kuba zeqhwa (asihambisani ukuphuza), 30% - imithombo komhlaba (ngokuvamile kusukela enhlabathini enobuthi) kanye% 2 kuphela - ke kuyo ingumhlabathi imithombo yamanzi. Kusukela isithombe global zomhlaba kuyacaca ukuthi ukutholakala amanzi ahlanzekile - akuyona nje isidingo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi uphawu lokunethezeka.

Ukusingathwa amanzi elakhiwe phakathi imisebenzi yezomnotho amabhizinisi, aqukethe isamba esikhulu contaminants e lokuhlala kokweqa kuvunyelwe neziqondiso. Ngokuvamile, kuba izinsimbi ezisindayo (yensimbi, nickel, ithusi, okuhola mercury cadmium, njll)., Uwoyela amaminerali, ukudla okuqinile imisiwe, aluminium, surfactants zokwenziwa (zokwenziwa surfactants, ngokuba ongelutho konke foams). Lezi izinto ngokufaka amachibi, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza evamile biogeocoenoses zasemanzini, ubuthi inhlabathi, ukuyithukuthelisa ukukhula ulwelwe oluluhlaza, zinobuthi izilwane. Lezi ezingcolisa nazo ezinobuthi ezingaba yingozi kubantu.

Yizenzo zabantu kwezomnotho e yokuhlala emafulethini kanye nezindlu zangasese bakhiqiza inqwaba ukungcola. Ngokuvamile, lezi surfactants kanye nemfucumfucu ye-organic, kodwa ukuwela amapayipi kanye zensimbi.

Uyini skimmer wamaprotheni kubantu yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile?

Skimmer - idivayisi ukuze kususwe ukungcola emihle evela amanzi physico-imithi. ukukhuluma kuqhathaniswa, lo mshini ingenye main ukucutshungulwa amamojuli ubuciko kanye yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ubuchwepheshe. Kuthatha indawo skimmer seperation eyinhloko solutes kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi kuze kube izinkomba ejwayelekile.

Industrial flotators kungenzeka senzelwe izitshalo ezinkulu, futhi imoto, ezingafani ngobukhulu nezezinto ezibonakalayo.

Injongo eyinhloko izonikezwa skimmer futhi ukwehla ngamanzi ziyoncibilika therein makhemikhali aguqulayo wabayisa ifomu zingaxazululeki. Ngo-apharathasi, emoyeni ihlinzekwa ukuthuthukisa yokuhlanza umphumela.

Isimiso ezisebenza we skimmer for yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile

Umgomo we operation isekelwe skimmer ukuba zihlanzwe sidlulile kusetshenziswa air Bubbles ngenjongo Foam kumiswa. Lokhu Foam libizwa flotoshlam, okuyinto kususwe kanye elinikezwe kudivayisi ekhethekile Ukususwa. Ukuze Bubbles ethumba bathumba kusuka ukungcola, ukwengeza lwangaphambili izinto ezikhethekile - coagulants futhi flocculants. Lezi izinto kufanele adhesiveness okusezingeni eliphezulu, isb ukusiza ezingcolisa ukuba agglomerate nomunye futhi Bubbles emoyeni, ukwakha okuthiwa flocculi.

Vial, wedlula kusuka umlomo wombhobho noma umlomo wombhobho phezulu izabelo apharathasi, sibambe ne contaminants okunamathelayo. inqubo enjalo wenziwa nje amanzi awufiki edingekayo yokuhlanza umphumela.

yinkimbinkimbi nqubo ukulungisa ngokunembile umthamo coagulant futhi flocculant ukuze amandla adhesion yayiphezulu okungenele adhesion ibhamuza, kodwa ishq okuholela kwakungafanele ezisinda kakhulu, ngakho njengoba ilimaze bubble air.

Umbonisi ehlanganisa a skimmer for yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile

Ubuchwepheshe, uzitshela skimmer njengoba main processing unit njalo nje isitshalo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-apharathasi ngokudala air Bubbles. Reagent kuyinto ipulazi ithangi reagents (coagulants, flocculants, alikhali ukulungisa pH) kanye ophendulayo ngoba ukuxuba reagent ngamanzi.

Njengoba idivayisi yokwenza air Bubbles njengoba ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa saturator emelela egumbini emoyeni kuhlangana ngamanzi ukwakha ingxube amanzi emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngxube kwaba napravlyayuetsya e skimmer. kudivayisi carbonation ifakwe futha elinamandla lomoya khulula.

Skimmer alisetshenziswa nhlobo nje kuphela, njalo kufakwe Imininingwane umshini ohlanza amanzi isikimu. Qedela wesifunda ngokuvamile uhlanganisa kwangaphambilini sedimentation esiteji, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba-chemical (noma skimmer Coagulator) futhi okwalandela yokuhlanza mechanical phezu izihlungi.

Ngamanye amazwi, lo skimmer ngeke zikwazi ukunikeza konke sokuhlanzwa, lokhu kumane nje engeyokuqala olulodwa, ezidinga preprocessing nangemuva. Ukungena esihlabathini skimmer noma ezinye ukungcola indawo kuholele ukwehluleka kudivayisi. Futhi, le divayisi ayikwazi ukunikeza magciwane kanye wekulihlanta kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kudingekile UV ukufakwa futhi sorption (noma mechanical) izihlungi.

Umdwebo wokuhlelwa kwendikimba kusekelwe inqubo flotation. Flotation - lokhu yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile Bubbles of air ukuze kukhishwe izinto encibilikayo futhi emulsified. Amanzi. main processing unit. Kukhona futhi ingcindezi (noma depressurized) imodi ngaphambilini walungisa reagent enikeziwe kule ophendulayo. Futhi flotator air Bubbles ezidla ngedivaysi carbonation. Ngo skimmer ngoba umshini ohlanza amanzi kwenzeka yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile reagents futhi air Bubbles, ogobhozayo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesimo flocculation flotoshlama. supernatant Flotoshlam esuswa kwamanzi ngumuntu elihambayo bushelelezi e chip umzingeli.

Lokhu kodaka linamandla kakhulu kolevaniyam mechanical, Nokho nge ebusweni uya ngokucophelela ukuze aphule Foam.

kudivayisi skimmer

Skimmer - i isitsha evulekile ngensimbi noma ngepulasitiki, ifakwe indlela bushelelezi ukuqoqa flotoshlama nokuba phansi oyindilinga. Skimmer kusho khona umlomo wombhobho amanzi emoyeni ngoba usinika inhlanganisela the saturator, futhi kabusha bethulula flotoshlama okuphuthumayo usinika amanzi angcolile kanye ukudedelwa kwamanzi hlamba. Ukufaka skimmer, ngokuvamile owawuba kwisayithi ye-lula.

izinhlobo flotators

Flotators yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezihlukahlukayo + ngokomusa kanjani amanzi ligcwele Bubbles kanye nesimo Bubbles. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa mechanical, Umfutho futhi electroflotation. flotation Umfutho kusho carbonation chamber kanye ukudonsa iqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndlela evame ukusetshenziswa reagents. Electroflotation ayidingi isitshalo chemical kanye saturator, njengoba kusekelwe kokuphela electrode emanzini.

flotation mechanical

Mechanical (noma impeller) mixer kusikisela ukuthi ngesivinini eshayisa ku Bubbles amanzi. Lolu hlobo ukwelashwa amanzi amanzi othambekele yesivini futhi amagesi ayegcwele. Ngo indlela mechanical, lo reactants ingasetshenziswa yini, kusukela omawala adalwe a stirrer, umane ukwehlukana ishq izinto. Okwamanje, flotation mechanical akuyona ovamile, njengoba kuyaqabukela inikeza eyanele yokuhlanza umphumela.

Ngokuvamile, le ngxenye zihlanganisa flotators ukuhlanjululwa ukuhlanzwa amanzi angcolile kuyi-petroleum.

ingcindezi flotation

Kulokhu flotators yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kudivayisi ifakwe carbonation reagent kanye nomnotho. Saturator kuyinto egumbini lapho umjovo emoyeni nangaphansi kokucindezeleka ngenhla ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Okulingene ibhalwe saturator, ngokuthi ingxube emoyeni-amanzi. Lona owande kakhulu flotation nokuningi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa. Inqubo uhlanzekile kwenzeka pretreatment reagent (coagulant noma flocculant) nokucindezelwa okwalandela amanzi ukwelashwa ingxube. Ngamunye bubble igesi unamathele ukungcola uqobo, ngoba ine Luhambo butho elikhulu ngenxa umngcele isigaba (air-amanzi). ukulungiselela owandulelayo amanzi ngcono yokuhlanza reagent, ngoba kudala floccules (micelles), ephinde ibe namandla athile Luhambo. Kwenqwaba amanzi isuswe ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanzwa amanzi ipayipi ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukuhlanza noma kabusha. Phezu idivayisi ekhethekile bushelelezi kususa flotoshlam - ukungcola, kushaywa nge air Bubbles phezulu ifomu kanzulu.

Inzuzo enkulu ingcindezi flotation uba anhlobonhlobo kwezicelo. I nemibi khona kumadivayisi angeziwe zihlanganisa (reagent ukuphathwa, carbonator amaphampu), okuyinto isikhala futhi kufanele ezenzakalelayo (isb, ukukhethwa reactants ulapha). Ukunqunywa reagent ubuningi inendima enkulu njengoba umthamo ongaphakeme kuzoholela uhlanzekile enganele (akuzona zonke izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ziyoncibilika uquqaba), futhi umthamo omkhulu kungaholela yokuthi Bubbles ngeke ukumelana isisindo ishq futhi zilulaza, futhi umphumela waba wokwehla yokuhlanza umphumela.

Elektroflotator

yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile Lolu hlobo flotators kuyahluka ngobufushane kanye kalula yokusetshenziswa. Indlela liqukethe ketshezi electrolysis ukuze kuhlanzwe futhi amagesi ngokwahlukana kusukela electrode. Phakathi nenqubo electrolysis kwenzeka skimmer: ezishukiwe hydrogen ngaleso cathode, le anode - umoya-mpilo. Lapho usebenzisa i-electrode encibilikayo (isb aluminium noma insimbi) okwengeziwe amanzi ligcwele metal ion nge isimo namachibi okusezingeni eliphezulu odlala indima le reactants ukudala ukungcola ishq. Le nqubo kusiza ukwehlukanisa ukutshala ezingcolisayo nakakhulu kusukela amanzi. Kusukela isikhala skimmer ingenkulu, ezimweni ezinjalo kukhona okuhle ishq ababambelela nomoya pozyrkov enikezela aphakeme yokuhlanza umphumela.

Inzuzo enkulu leli thuluzi ukungabi amakhemikhali isitshalo namanye amadivayisi okukhulu ngezinga eliphezulu yamanzi nokuhlanzwa. I yokuntula kukhona okusezingeni eliphezulu energy ukusetshenziswa kanye nesidingo imishini yokususa hydrogen.

umlomo wombhobho flotation

Kulokhu, sebenzisa Imibhobho esemzimbeni ekhethekile ukwethula emoyeni emanzini ukucutshungulwa ukuthi ihlinzekwa kumshini flotation, lapho lihlukaniswa singene ingxube biphasic. Buhle le ndlela kuyinto bafake kancane izingxenye ukufakwa ngakhoke ukuphila isevisi eside.

chemical isitshalo

Kwezinye izindlela, i-flotation reagents ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa umphumela uhlanzekile:

• ejenti ushintsha pH - acid kanye alikhali kunezelwa ku amanzi ukuqinisekisa izimo zokusebenza ezivamile coagulant futhi flocculant;
• coagulants - reagents ekhuthaza flocculation futhi yensimbi kanye ne-aluminium nosawoti;
• flocculants - reagents okuyinto ukukhiqiza ishq emikhulu futhi uzinze ngokwengeziwe (floccules) futhi bamele ekhuthaza polyacrylamide.

Ububi oyinhloko khona reagent ukwelashwa amanzi ndlela kukhona isidingo okuseshwa kuyo abantu, kanye izindawo kumele anikezele umkhumbi sikhungo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ukhethe umthamo efanele reagents, okuyinto kungenzeka empirically kuphela.