Pen: kuyini? Kungani usebenzisa ipeni?

Umdwebo - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi nge umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amaningi, okudinga amathuluzi athile. Omunye wabo - esibayeni. Kuyini futhi ingasetshenziswa kanjani, ezichazwe ngezansi.

Kuyini?

Ekuqaleni, leli gama inezincazelo ezimbili. Eyokuqala - a "ipeni-umnikazi phambili." Esesibili - "quill adjustable, ngawo ungakwazi ukufinyelela kwesakho." Icala lokuqala emhlabeni okukhiwa kahle ezingavamile kusukela kulula ukuthola ipeni kwesokudla. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu manje ipeni - ithuluzi lokudweba ngoba inki imigqa.

Kuye uhlobo ukubukeka sengathi ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa isakhiwo jikelele kuyafana. Ngokuvamile lokhu isibambo plastic kanzima noma lwensimbi, lapho eqondiswa ithiphu. Kungaba zisuswe noma cha, kwenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene, kodwa noma kunjalo, kufanele kube khona nut kancane ebamba ezimbili ezincane ipuleti pointy. ukulungiswa kwalo kuthinta ukushuba emgqeni, okuyinto etholakala emva ukugcwalisa igebe.

amathuluzi indaba

Ipeni yasungulwa ngekhulu XVIII. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesevile eminyakeni engu isethi saziso ukudala amamephu olunembile nemidwebo - amathuluzi umdwebo. Kwaba ithuluzi eziphambili elikuvumela ukusungula ngokucacile isithombe kudingekile.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX kwathiwa ngcono kakhulu. Ububi ithuluzi kwaba ukuthi kwaba nzima ukubhekana inki, uhlale yaphela nge yiyo nokunye. Kwaba ukubhekana nalezi kwamaphutha sidalwe rapidograph - ithuluzi nge cartridges replaceable ngoyinki ka ububanzi ezithile.

Manje esibayeni kabani isithombe ungabona kancane ephakeme, hhayi athandwa kakhulu kuleli nemibuthano umdwebo, kodwa isabalulekile ngomdwebo, calligraphy, iconography nezinye izindawo yobuciko.

Amafomu ithuluzi okuthiwa "ipeni"

Yini-ke nokuthi owasungula ke, siye kakade asebenzelana ngayo. Manje kufanele kusho ukuthi kukhona kunezinhlobonhlobo amathuluzi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• umdwebo ipeni nomunye ikhanda oyedwa umugqa flat ngesikhathi;
• ngepeni Dual amakhanda amabili liguquguquke kuze kuphele bands ezimbili ezifanayo ukungena;
• krivonozhka - ipeni enekhanda ezithathekayo okuvumela emigqeni lwalugobile we amaphetheni futhi kungenzeka kabili;
• isiyingi, lapho ikhanda ukuqoshwa iyingxenye ikhampasi umdwebo ipeni;
• kungase futhi kube yomugqa, ummese-like nobe aminyene izihlathi - ikhanda eliyindilinga.

Ipeni, okuyinto ngezansi isithombe - ithuluzi ubudala, ogama design ishintshile kuphela rapidograph obhekwe.

Lapho ukusebenzisa?

Sebenzisa ithuluzi imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ingcaca. Zibhaleni phansi impela, njengoba imigqa ecacile eqinile kuyadingeka ezimweni eziningi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• ukudalwa imidwebo, isibonelo, ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo;
• ngoba lokusebenza iphepha amabalazwe ngesimo sendawo;
• delineation besitayela ezithile umdvwebo, drawing manga (amahlaya Japanese);
• e imifanekiso, isibonelo halo vectorization;
• ngaphezulu.

Yingakho imibuzo mayelana leli thuluzi njengoba ipeni - kuyini nokuthi ukuyisebenzisa - Kubalulekile ubuchwepheshe eziningi, kusukela abakhi kanye Abadali isiphetho yamahlaya.

imininingwane zisebenzisa

Kubuka ipeni, ukuthi kuyini, ungakwazi uqonde kangcono. Ngokusho isimo sawo futhi izici, kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukusetshenziswa kwaso, okuyizinto ezibalulekile kokubili umdwebo nezinye imisebenzi ingcaca.

Okokuqala, ithuluzi kufanele kugcinwe ngqo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukwenza phezulu noma phansi akuyona kwakhiwa umugqa eziphukile. Uma utshekisa ithuluzi kakhulu bebheke omunye amapuleti uthinte iphepha eyeka ukuthi asihole imiphumela okungafunwa. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana ipeni umdwebo nge ikhanda ezithathekayo - athuthe ngokuqinile perpendicular iphepha ukudweba, noma izingxenye ezinyakazayo awukwazi ngokuvamile "hamba" ejikeni inikezwe.

Okwesibili, isidingo ukusebenzisa kahle amakhono. Ukuze ubambe umugqa oqondile ukuze inki akusho podtekli umbusi noma cha kukhona usula futhi amagagasi ezingadingekile kusukela okokuqala cishe kungenakwenzeka. Okusalungiswa kufanele abaqeqeshiwe futhi ugxile, futhi kuphela ke uqhubekela yasekuqaleni.

Okwesithathu, emigqeni obukhulu ethathelwe more xaka. Olwenziwe Lihle imigqa emibili ohlabayo ngokuvumelana umngcele engenhla nengezansi band ezibanzi ke phakathi ligcwele inki usebenzisa ibhulashi noma ezinye ithuluzi efanayo.

Kulokhu, isipiliyoni ngaphezulu siqu, kulapho olumnandi aesthetically nothembekile uzobe drawing.

fillers

Thela ibanga phakathi amapuleti esibayeni ingase ibe fillers ahlukahlukene. Isikhulu izibalo, it is kunqunywa isipiliyoni kanye nezivakashi. eqinile etholakala uma emgqeni akawufaneli kahle ukwakheka.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu Mascara njengoba kudingeka ekwakhiweni kweluhlaka lwetinhlelo imigqa ecacile black. ukusetshenziswa Ngaphansi kuvamile umdwebo ngepeni umbala imidwebo kudinga ethela upende. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukugcina ukungaguquguquki sokuqanjwa, ukuze akazange lasakazekela insimbi, ningaweli emgqeni futhi akazange konakalisa umphumela wokugcina. Isimo reverse kungenzeka, lapho, ngenxa obukhulu kakhulu yamathebhu umugqa ngeke ingasebenzi nhlobo, ngoba ngeke kuyayiqeda ephepheni.

Ukunakekela ithuluzi

Ukuze ngempumelelo Umdwebo ithuluzi kubalulekile ukugcina ukuze ephelele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, emva ukusetshenziswa ngamunye, ukuhlanza ngokucophelela peni ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi zokuvimbela:

• Geza ngamanzi nensipho ke ngotshwala;
• amapuleti kumele lifane ubude;
• ukujiya zabo kumelwe futhi okufanayo futhi ngokwanele mncane, cishe izinwele, ithuluzi kungaba ngensimbi kuphela ngaphandle;
• usebenzisa i-chromium oxide Phucuzani izingxenye yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi ngokucophelela, bese ngobumnene ukusingatha onqenqemeni ngensimbi.

yesondlo njalo kuyokusiza uthole umphumela omuhle ngempela. Ngaphambi ukusebenza ikhophi ahlanzekile Kunconywa ukuba enze ambalwa test imigqa emshinini Scrap ephepheni ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ilungile umugqa nemingcele.

Ipeni - ithuluzi ngomdwebo nokudweba. Bafuna into kwezesayensi 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, okuyinto, uma isicelo kahle abanekhono uzokunika high imiphumela.