Philosophy kanye nokuziphatha kuka-Aristotle

Isazi sasendulo saseGrithani u-Aristotle ungumfundi wengqondo enkulu uPlato nomqondisi we-A. Macedon. Ungumdali wesistimu ephelele yefilosofi ethatha izindawo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila komuntu: physics, logic, ezombangazwe, ezenhlalo.

Ukuziphatha kweminyaka yakudala emisebenzini ka-Aristotle kufinyelela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kokuthi umcabangi omkhulu uqale ukuphakamisa umbuzo wokuzimela kwesayensi, ukutadisha ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu, naye wadala inkolelo ejulile yokuziphatha. Noma kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwakhe okuyinhloko kungukubhala komsebenzi obizwa ngokuthi "Ukuziphatha kuNycomed". Kulo msebenzi ukhuluma ngokubaluleka kwesayensi yokuziphatha emphakathini, ngoba yilokho okukwazi ukufundisa izakhamuzi ezinhle.

"Izimiso zokuziphatha" zika-Aristotle zisekelwe emfundisweni yezinkolo. Umcwaningi wasendulo uthi bonke abantu bazama ukuthola umgomo onenjongo kubo, okuyinto isazi sefilosofi esikubiza kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izifiso zomuntu zihambisana nezifiso zombuso wonke. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaqembu amabili ukufeza okuhle komphakathi wonke kanye nombuso. Lokhu kungabonga ngenxa yokuphila okuhlakaniphile okusebenzayo kuzo zonke izakhamizi zomphakathi. "Ukuziphatha" kuka-Aristotle kuqala kuchaza okuhle njengenjabulo.

Izinjongo eziphakeme zingafinyelelwa kuphela ngokuqonda izici zomuntu. Isimo sabo sisekuseni lokukwazi ukukhetha isenzo esifanele, ngokusekelwe esimisweni "esiphakathi", ukugwema ukungabi nalutho nokudlula. "Ukuziphatha" kuka-Aristotle kuthiwa kungenzeka ukuthi ukwazi izici ezinhle. Baqondwa kuphela ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezenzo.

Isazi sefilosofi sahlukana nemikhuba emihle (ehlobene nobuntu bomuntu, njengokuvimbela, ukupha, njll) kanye ne-dianoethic (ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokufunda). Lezi zinto ezibalulekile zomuntu akuzona izimfanelo ezingenasici, kodwa zitholiwe.

"Ukuziphatha" kuka-Aristotle kuchaza izici eziyishumi nanye umuntu angakwazi ukufeza intuthuko ehambisanayo:

- Ukulinganisela;

- isibindi;

- Ubukhosi;

- ukuphana;

- isifiso;

- magnanimity;

- iqiniso;

- ubuqotho;

- ubungane;

- ukuhlonipha;

- ubulungiswa.

Ukubukwa kwefilosofi ka-Aristotle

I-Thinker ibheka njengento ephilayo ephethe izici ezilandelayo:

- indaba;

- isizathu;

- ukuma;

Ingabe umgomo.

Ubheka indaba njengento eqondile ekhona. Akunakwenzeka futhi angenakuphefumula, okungukuthi, okuphakade. Okubalulekile akukwazi ukwandisa noma ukwehla. Kubonakala ezintweni ezinhlanu: umlilo, umoya, umhlaba, amanzi kanye ne-ether.

Ngokusho kuka-Aristotle, ifomu liwukuqala kokuvela kwezinto ezidalwe ukuze kuzuzwe okuhle.

Isizathu sichaza lowo mzuzu wesikhathi, lapho kuvela khona into ethile. Kuyindlela yamandla eyenza okuthile ngokuthula.

Kuzo zonke izinto kukhona umgomo owodwa - okuhle kakhulu.

Mayelana nomphefumulo, u-Aristotle wathi unomphela futhi awufi. Umzimba kuphela igobolondo langaphandle. Umphefumulo ngokusho kuka-Aristotle ngumqondisi wokuziphatha kwangaphakathi komuntu, isimiso esiphakeme senhlangano yakhe.

Usosayensi wachaza uNkulunkulu njengokuqala kwayo yonke imigomo kanye nesizathu sokunyakaza. Ubunkulunkulu buyinto enolwazi oluphakeme.

Inqubomgomo ka-Aristotle

Isazi sefilosofi sathi umuntu uyakwazi ukuhlala kuphela emphakathini. Ezombusazwe kuyadingeka ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuhlela impilo yabo kuhulumeni. Umgomo wayo ukufaka kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zomphakathi izimfanelo zokuziphatha ezibavumela ukuba baphile ngobulungiswa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yemfundo kubantu abalungile, okuhlanganisa amandla okufeza umsebenzi wabo womphakathi kanye nokukwazi ukulalela imithetho. Umbusazwe kumele enze uhlobo oluhle lwezenhlalo nezombusazwe ezihlangabezana nalomgomo.

Umbuso uwuhlobo oluphezulu kakhulu lobuhlobo phakathi kwabantu emphakathini.