Pistons ( "Ngaphambi"): izinhlobo, ukukhethwa, ukubuyekezwa

Kwalungisa ngemuva kokuhluleka injini isikhathi ibhande kungenzeka, kodwa kuyodingeka ichithe ama lokhu ungakanani umzamo, isikhathi nemali. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi abaningi imoto abalindi kuze kube yilapho mbali wayibhinca, kanye pistons ukuhlangana valve, futhi ngokushesha ukusungula amanye pistons evikelwe. "Priora" izakhi efanayo isebenza ngokufanayo njengoba ne endaweni yokukhanda. Kodwa ingozi zokugwema ukuphuka ngenxa zokugwema ukuphuka isikhathi ibhande kuyehla kube cishe zero.

Manje kukhona abakhiqizi eziningana ezikhiqiza izingxenye injini kuhlanganise pistons. "Priora" usuphothuliwe nge imikhiqizo kusukela Russian "STK" izinkampani "-STI" futhi "AVTRAMAT" kamakhi Ukraine. Ake sibone ukuthi yini le mikhiqizo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

A piston i yangaphakathi omlilo injini yakhelwe ukudlulisa amandla ukujikeleza kuya crankshaft. Lokhu amandla kuveza amandla omlilo ingxube. Lapho ingxube emoyeni nophethiloli Kuqhuma, ukunwebeka igesi kwenzeka. cindezela kwakamuva phezu ingxenye futhi ibenze ke. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, ebusweni piston ahlangabezane okusezingeni eliphezulu imithwalo ezishisayo. Ingcindezi in izinjini "Okubaluleke kakhulu" kungenzeka kuze kufinyelele ezingeni 65-80 bar.

Phakathi "Okubaluleke kakhulu" we pistons umsebenzi nge PERIODICITY ezithile yashesha a ijubane 100 km / h, bese decelerated kuqanda, imvamisa lokuhlinza 6000 rev. / Min 200 Hz. Lapho combusted uphethiloli emoyeni ingxube Ukushisa ekamelweni ongafinyelela 1800-2660 degrees. Lena izikhathi eziningana ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lendawo lapho metal liyancibilika. Ngenxa yalokho, ziyancipha amandla ingxubevange. Isidumbu piston kokuba voltage ezahlukene ngenxa okungazelelwe lokushisa uthuthumele futhi ngaphezu kwalokho unezela voltage kusukela ingcindezi futhi inertia-umengameli lapho kuyashesha at high amaza izinqubo.

kudivayisi

Ukuze crank inhlangano wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona imvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi enjalo, into kufanele kube ukukhanya futhi ukugqoka ukumelana. Ingxubevange has a conductivity eliphezulu ezishisayo - lizwakala leli jubane Ukupholisa ngesikhathi bafudumale.

Ebusweni elingaphandle kwakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi akukaze kwenzeke wenza umcimbi izingxenye ngaphakathi egumbini amandla omlilo. Gaza akumelwe siwele crankcase. Ngenxa lokushisa umehluko ilungu piston umqhele futhi isiketi senziwa ukuma emgqonyeni. Ngakho-ke, esuthisa wonke izidingo.

Ukuze bavale isikhala ukusonteka umphetho enqubeni, lo mshini wenziwa nge okuthiwa "protivoellipsom". Ingxenye enkulu kuyinto perpendicular ahlangene imbobo for the isithupha. Ingxenye engenhla we piston - okubizwa ngokuthi ikhanda. It has a phansi kanye inkatho ekhethekile. Bambekela O-amasongo. Ukuze ikhanda piston zingamelana imithwalo kakhulu, isicelo enamathela ekhethekile zokuzivikela.

Groove for emasongweni piston zenziwa nge-engela kancane. Lokhu kuqinisekisa isikhundla emaphethelweni elingaphandle izindandatho ephakeme kunaleyo yasekhaya. Umkhiqizi kuvimbela engu- inkatho Sectional ungatshekisa phansi okushisa aphakeme. Lokhu akulona isici yokugcina, okuyinto pistons ezahlukene. "Ngaphambi" ifakwe izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi, okuyinto "ukushelela" ekamelweni amandla omlilo. Kuze kube yimanje, ezindaweni zawo ukusebenza imbozwe ngezitimela ezikhethekile ezazilungiselelwe. Ukuze kangcono ingxenye kwethusi eliphucuziwe, isicelo ezinengilazi, okuzokwenza ekugcineni liyaphela ngesikhathi egijima. Ngokuvamile kuba phosphated tin kwengoma. Kulesi enamathela futhi kunciphisa nesenzakalo imihuzuko ngesikhathi ukuqalisa ikhompiyutha. Anti-friction izinto ahlale phezu piston phakade. They nqanda ngokuhlaziya umsebenzi wengxenye nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

ekukhiqizeni umphetho piston ziphathwe bezihlahla ekhethekile ukwakha micro-impumuzo. Njengoba amafutha kangcono agcinwayo phezu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana phezu pistons. "Priora" ukugcina imithwalo esindayo phezu crank. Zonke lezi nemingcele zivumelana okufanayo pistons party. Ukukhiqizwa "STK" ihlukile enkulu isisindo - inothi ukubuyekezwa. Ziyakwazi ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho konke kweminye imihlobo.

Izizathu esikhundleni

Lapha konke umuntu kakhulu. Abashayeli izaba zokuthi uma ukuwugcina ngokuphelele zonke izimiso eziphathelene nokugcinwa, ogibele emotweni "Lada Priora" izingxenye kamakhi yokuqala, noma nozakwabo eliphezulu, injini akasoze anenzela phansi. Konke izosebenza njengenjwayelo. Kodwa wonke umuntu ufuna ulondoloze imali esikhundleni izingxenye noma wenze Tuning "Priory". Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukugcina isikhathi, ebeka ezinamasondo yekhwalithi ephansi nebhande, ushintsho isikhawu kancane encishisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, standard isikhathi ibhande kufanele ushintshe yonke km 50,000. On okungekona umsuka izingxenye ezisele ungachitha uhambo kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 10 amakhilomitha.

Pistons "-STI"

"Isifo esithathelana ngokocansi" - inkampani Togliatti. I pistons zenziwa ubuchwepheshe ashisayo-ngokucindezela. Uma sihlaziya lobuya bonke labo kakade wathenga imoto "Lada Priora" Izingxenye zalo umkhiqizo, ungabona ukuthi kakhulu ukunciphisa injini kahle. Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi uma ziqhathaniswa ukukhiqizwa "STC" futhi "AVTRAMAT" ezingxenyeni "-STI" kokucindezelwa aphansi isilinganiso. Ikamelo amandla omlilo has a endaweni enkulu ngenxa esijule kakhulu amasampuli valve.

Ukwakheka ingxubevange okuqukethwe Silicon kuyehla. Lokhu kuthinta izici ngamandla ezingxenyeni ngaphansi okusezingeni eliphezulu imithwalo ezishisayo. Inani encishisiwe nickel kwenza imininingwane isisetshenziswa ngezansi. Ngaphansi nemibi ngenhla yalezi pistons abe eqolo. Kodwa ngezinye imikhiqizo efanayo kokuzihlanganisa kusuka inkampani "-STI" ngokuyinhloko ukulahlekelwa lonke lama-brand. AVTRAMAT Pistons ' "(" Priora "igcwele nabo) beswela lezi yokuntula, kanye" STC ". Nokho, kwakukhona amacala breakages we ibhande ezimotweni nge lezi zinhlelo.

"AVTRAMAT"

Kuyingxenye imvelaphi Ukraine. I pistons ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi laseKharkov isitshalo. Umniningwane senziwa ekubunjweni. Ingxubevange iphindwa ukuthi izingxenye zokuqala sokuphumula. Vaz ifektri izilinganiso pistons futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa ngokungafani yokuqala, element Ukraine has isampula ezijulile. Lokhu kumnika eziningi izinzuzo phezu kwento esezingeni, uma ibhande isikhathi ephula off. Ngokuphathelene degree of kokucindezelwa, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali zinjalo. Ngakho-ke, uma ufaka le mikhiqizo emandleni izici injini ngeke umehluko obonakalayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi isampuli kukhuphuke kancane endaweni egumbini amandla omlilo landa, ukusebenza kahle kufanele kube ngaphansana izingxenye kuqhathaniswa avamile. Nokho, izibalo ihluke kancane. Ngakho, bangamaphesenti 53,2 cm ² futhi 53,3 ngenxa cm yasekuqaleni ² "AVTRAMAT". Ekusebenteni, kuba impela lubonakale. Kunenye inzuzo ukuthi lawa pistons. "Priora" (intengo izinto ezikhathini 3 kancane - 2000 ruble, kuka imikhiqizo kusukela "-STI" - cishe 7000) enkonzweni izobiza engabizi, uma usebenzisa le mikhiqizo.

"STK"

Lezi zingxenye akhiqizwa ngesisekelo ibhizinisi e Samara. Imininingwane cishe nsé AVTRAMAT imikhiqizo ' ". Umehluko isisindo piston. Ngenxa isisindo ephakeme kunciphisa kuyashesha Dynamics imoto. Futhi, "STK" pistons amanani aphezulu.

Izinzuzo kokufaka pistons eziphuthumayo

Elements ezimazombezombe ngaphansi valve kukhona eziqinile kakhulu. Ngisho noma omunye isikhathi ibhande phezulu camshaft valve nje kuyokwenza iqhwa esikhundleni. I piston liyashona ngenxa crankshaft, futhi akukho okubi okuzokwenzeka. Valve bahluleke inkatho qamba them. Ngokulandelayo, umnikazi uzodinga uxoshe imoto enkonzweni, lapho Ochwepheshe uyobuyisela isikhathi indlela. Lena plus omkhulu.

Qaphela ukuthi uma lezi anemifantu phezu pistons cha, ngenxa umnikazi we-gap ibhande uzobhekana ukulungisa sina. Ngu esikhundleni ukuya ngqo pistons valve, kanye iyashintsha iyaphupha ibe camshaft. Izindleko ukulungiswa okunjalo usungaqala kusukela ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-30. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ufake pistons "STK" noma okunye okunjalo. Groove ugcine zokulungisa ebizayo.

nebubi

Uma piston iwukuba kube lula (ngokwalokho okuvunyelwa amandla ethu), bese wengeza motor ukuze amandla. Kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele ukukhula izici othakazelisayo 5-7%. Pistons ukukhanya ezimazombezombe ngeke uqambe. Ukuze wenze imbobo phezulu ingxenye kuyadingeka udonga ngokwanele obukhulu. Lokhu kukwenza kube nzima ngenxa yalokho amandla kulahleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi anemifantu ukushintsha kokucindezelwa inhlanganisela ezivuthayo. Kuphinde kube nomthelela wagxila amandla iyunithi. Ngamafuphi phansi konke, khona-ke ukufakwa izingxenye ezifana e injini elahlekile lezo 5% we amandla. Ukuze injini 150 amalitha. a. Lokhu 10.5 "amahhashi". Enye kusimo - ephakeme petrol. Vaz pistons Ubukhulu ziyefana ifektri, kodwa ngezithukuthuku anemifantu kwandisa umthamo ekamelweni amandla omlilo, ngisho noma kancane kuphela. Ekugcineni, ngenxa amavolumu anda uwela kokucindezelwa. Futhi okwandisa detonation.

isiphetho

Ngoba bonke amaphutha abashayeli namanje ukusungula izehlakalo pistons nge kude. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuvikela motor uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka isikhathi ibhande. Ukuze abashayeli bakholelwa ukuthi okungcono pistons "Priora" - a ukukhiqizwa "AVTRAMAT". Sinenkosi intengo engcono, isisindo kanye nokusebenza.