IbhizinisiUmkhakha

Anti-friction izinto: i Uhlolojikelele, izakhiwo kanye nezicelo

Inqubo operation amayunithi lobuchwepheshe, imishini kanye namaqembu isici ngazinye okokusebenza nakanjani ephelezelwa bafake. Mutual isenzo izinto mechanical nge inamazinga ahlukahlukene okujula obuhlukahlukene ku nomunye kuholela nemihuzuko ezishelelayo yabo nokubhujiswa isakhiwo sangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomphumela ofanayo ine ngokuvamile futhi imvelo ngesimo ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye cavitation. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukulahleka ukusebenza ubuciko, noma okungenani nokwehlisa yokusebenza izakhiwo. Izibuyekezo ezilandelayo oluyimpuphu ukuxabana futhi anti-friction izinto kuzosiza ukuqonda izindlela ezinciphisa ngomshikisho engathandeki. izinto ezinjalo anconywe ukusetshenziswa futhi imishini ezimbonini kanye ekhaya Imishini, kanye nokwakha amathuluzi.

Umehluko friction anti-friction impahla

Ukucutshungulwa lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu esimeningcondvo eyodwa ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wabo ihlobene isici jikelele etindlela - ukuhilizisana. Kodwa uma izingxenye anti-friction futhi izithasiselo banesibopho ukwehla kwenani, ukungqubuzana - okunalokho uwakhuphule. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ingxubevange izimpushana nge Coefficient anda friction ukunikeza nemihuzuko ukumelana namandla mechanical of the iqoqo target. Ukuze afeze lezi izakhiwo izinto ngomshikisho wenza refractory oxides, carbides, boron, i-silicon nabanye. Ngokungafani izakhi anti-friction, ukungqubuzana futhi ngokuvamile kukhona izakhi ngokugcwele ukusebenza lo mshini. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, kungase kube amabhuleki kanye bamba.

Ukunikeza inkinga okwandayo friction, babesebenza ngokulinganisa kanye nezinkinga ezibhekene ngqo lobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuxabana futhi anti-friction izinto ngaphambi kokusebenzisa pass azinabo ukuhlolwa laboratory. Labo Alloys lwahlolwa ukuze ukuhlolwa amabhuleki situ kanye ebhentshini, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kuhlonzwa ukuthi bakwazi ukusetshenziswa kwabo umkhuba. I kunazo obusezingeni ngomshikisho izinto ka polymers namuhla abenziwe izindlela ezahlukene. Ngakho, lo mshini ukubopha band asebenzisa imishini yokukhulisa compaction - emafomini wenza pads, amapuleti kanye imikhakha. Ziyisivikelo izinto zenziwa ubuchwepheshe ezilukiwe, kanti Linings - by kweqa.

I izakhiwo anti-friction izinto

Yekuchumana nge anti-friction umsebenzi kumele athobele ezibanzi izidingo, belinganisa izimfanelo zabo eziyisisekelo ukusebenza. Indaba yokuqala kufanele ibe iyahambisana izingxenye kokuzalela, futhi ezindaweni zokusebenzela. Ngokuya ayahambisana yini ngaphambi nangemva burnishing impahla inikeza degree oyifunayo friction ukunciphisa. Lapha kufanele kuphawulwe egijima-njengoba enjalo. Le mpahla inquma ikhono element ukuze ngokwemvelo ulungise geometry we ebusweni ukuma elilungile ukuthi kufanelekile indawo yokusebenza. Ngamanye amazwi, workpiece kusulwe isakhiwo eziphindaphindekayo nge semfene ezincane, ngemva kwalokho ukusebenza ezishile-e izonikeza umbandela ukuzikhandla omncane.

Gqoka ukumelana - futhi ebaluleke emimoya lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu. izakhi anti-friction kufanele ibe nesakhiwo esihlinzeka ukumelana izinhlobo ezahlukene bafake. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le nto akufanele ukuqina kakhulu futhi kanzima, njengoba kulokhu kuzokhulisa ingozi Jamming, engesiyo othandeakayo impahla anti-friction. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe isehlane isakhiwo esinjalo, ukumuncwa izinhlayiya okuqinile. Iqiniso lokuthi ukungqubuzana ntshashintshe anganikela ekwabiweni izakhi ezincane - ngezinye izikhathi metal. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ebusweni antifriction unekhono "Dent" e izinhlayiya enjalo ngokwabo, ekuqedeni kubo kusukela sokusebenza.

Metal anti-friction izinto

Imikhiqizo olusekelwe metal eziyimisebenzi spectrum ezibanzi kakhulu izakhi anti-friction leqembu. Iningi lazo sigxile ukusebenza oketshezini ngomshikisho mode, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo lapho amabombo zihlukaniswe a mncane uwoyela ungqimba imiqulu. Nokho lapho ephumula futhi ukuqala umshini nakanjani kuphakama okuthiwa umngcele ngomshikisho umbuso, lapho ifilimu uwoyela kungenziwa phansi okushisa aphakeme. izingxenye zensimbi lisetshenziswe amaqembu nithela zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: izakhi nge ukuthungwa esithambile futhi ifaka okuqinile futhi Alloys nge substrate eqinile a ifaka esithambile. Uma sikhuluma iqembu lokuqala, njengoba anti-friction izinto ingasetshenziswa Babbitt metal, zethusi Alloys ngethusi. Ngenxa isakhiwo elithambile, basheshe eliphucuziwe futhi isikhathi eside kubuyise izici ifilimu uwoyela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inclusions okuqinile babangela anda bafake ngenxa contact mechanical oluxube eduze - ngokwesibonelo, nge kushaft efanayo.

Ngaphansi ziyabonisa futhi Babbitt ingxubevange, okuyinto yakha isisekelo phambili noma tin. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthuthukisa izimfanelo ngamunye isakhiwo kungenziwa wanezela Alloys alloying. Phakathi ngcono izakhiwo kungaba ukusho ukugqwala ukumelana, ubulukhuni, ubunzima kanye namandla. Ukushintsha eyodwa noma esinye futhi isici kunqunywa okuyinto alloying zokwakha. Antifriction babbits ingashintshwa cadmium, nickel, ithusi, antimony nokunye okunjalo. D. Ngokwesibonelo, babbit ejwayelekile licishe 80% ngothayela noma ukuhola, 10% antimony nokulinganisela kokuba ithusi cadmium.

Alloys Lead njengoba ngezindlela zokunciphisa friction

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo phambili eziveza Alloys kukhona Babbitt. Kutsengeka inquma ukusetshenziswa ezithile le nto - ngaphakathi the ngcosana obhekene umsebenzi imisebenzi. isisekelo Lead kuqhathaniswa ne tin babbit inikeza ngaphansi okusezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana mechanical kanye ongaphakeme Ukuvikelwa ukugqwala. Nokho, futhi Alloys okunjalo akukhona ngaphandle tin - nokuqukethwe kungenzeka ukufinyelela 18%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kanye busuka ingxenye zethusi okuyinto evimbela ukuhlukaniswa izinqubo - ukusatshalaliswa engalingani imikhiqizo ehlukene nenqwaba isikrini metal.

Indlela elula phambili izinto nge antifriction izakhiwo libhekene brittleness okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke asetshenziselwa ezimweni imithwalo ashukumisayo encishisiwe. Ikakhulu, i-amabombo yemishini ithrekhi, amakhanda futhi izingxenye ubunjiniyela esindayo ezakha niche target, lapho zisetshenziselwa izinto ezinjalo. Antifriction Alloys calcium isicelo ungabiza ukuguqulwa phambili Alloys. Kulokhu imakwe izimfanelo ezifana high density futhi ongaphakeme conductivity ezishisayo. Isisekelo njengoba umthofu, kodwa futhi izingxenye lobuKhristu umphelelisi ukufakwa sodium yayo, i-calcium ne-antimony. Njengoba for amaphuzu ezibuthakathaka ezibonakalayo, zihlanganisa namachibi, ukuze abezindaba amakhemikhali asebenzayo ukusebenzisa it is hhayi Kunconywa.

Akhuluma ngokuzokwenzeka Babbitt, singasho ukuthi lokhu akulona ikhambi ephumelela kunazo ukunciphisa friction, kodwa wonke izimfanelo ke kunenzuzo kusukela iphuzu zokusebenza umbono. Lokhu kwaziswa antifriction izakhiwo kungenzeka offset ngumuntu encishisiwe ukukhathala ukumelana, eziya ziba zimbi kahle timphawu. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, ukungabi namandla kwavuzwa ukufakwa ekuklanyweni steel noma waphonsa yensimbi housings.

Izici zethusi eziveza Alloys

Physico-chemical izakhiwo ethusi kuthiwa organically kuhlanganiswe nezidingo ukuzalela Alloys. metal Active, ngokukhethekile, inikeza eyanele resistivity ukufundwa ingcindezi, kungenzeka ezisebenza ezimweni ukushaqeka imithwalo, isivinini eliphezulu ukujikeleza eziveza nokunye. D. Kodwa njengoba nethusi ukukhethwa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kuzoncika izibazi. Kungokufanayo format operation ifaka ngaphansi ukushaqeka imithwalo kwamukelekile ukumaka BrOS30, kodwa Kunconywa Braze. Kukhona futhi umehluko isigaba zethusi izinto ezindaweni lokukhanda. Leli qembu yezimfanelo kuzoncika ubunjalo interfacing nge imiphini lukhuni futhi ukusetshenziswa stud, okungenzeka ukuqina okwengeziwe. Nalapha futhi, asikwazi ukukhuluma mayelana nesakhiwo Monolithic we ingxubevange.

Bronze ware Lingase lihlanganise tin, nethusi, phambili. Kulokhu, uma zonke lezi zinsimbi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela Babbitt isizinda, anti-friction izinto esekelwe zethusi asetshenziswa kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Kulokhu isakhi zethusi ngokuvamile izenzo ibhekwa okuqukethwe efanayo 2-3% isilinganiso njengoba. Inhlanganisela elikhulu tin-lead inclusions. Zinikeza inani elanele njengoba antifriction ingxubevange ingxenye, nakuba ezinye izingoma ulahlekelwe mayelana namandla lokukhanda. izinto zethusi Kuhlanganiswe asetshenziswa womshini eziveza Monolithic for izinjini, izinjini ezisebenza, compressor amayunithi nezinye amayunithi letisebenta ngomfutho ophakeme futhi ongaphakeme isivinini beya.

Powder ngomshikisho izinto

izinto ezinjalo asetshenziswa izingoma senzelwe ukudluliswa kanye braking iyunithi izimoto zilandelwa, izimoto, umshini amathuluzi, imishini ukwakhiwa kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D. izihloko ekhiqizwa esekelwe izingxenye powder akhiqizwa uhlobo wemboni Linings kanye disc pads. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izinto zokusetshenziswa for the antifriction uhlobo ingxubevange izimpushana akhiwa we ngesilwane esifuywayo efanayo njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni nezingxenyana ngomshikisho - ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ngensimbi nethusi, kodwa kunezinye inhlanganisela.

Ngokwesibonelo, izinto aluminiyamu nensimbi wethusi zihlanganisa graphite, ngokuphumelelayo azibonakali ngaphansi ngomshikisho ngesikhathi beya imininingwane isivinini mayelana 50 m / s. By endleleni, lapho amabombo ngesivinini 5 m / s, sihloko powder metal ingase ithathelwe indawo plastic impahla eluhlaza. Lona anti-friction esiyinhlanganisela impahla nge nezimo isakhiwo sabasebenzi nabantu amandla sinciphile. Nokho, inzuzo kakhulu imigomo yokusetshenziswa ucindezelekile okusezingeni eliphezulu ezibhekwa izinto lensimbi nelethusi. Izithasiselo esetshenziswa graphite, Silicon oxide noma barium yombala. idatha Jobe izinto ezitholakalayo endaweni ukucindezela 300 MPA kanye nesivinini ngokuhambisa 60 m / s.

Powder antifriction izinto

Powder izinto zokusetshenziswa akhiqizwa nemikhiqizo anti-friction. Basuke izimpawu okusezingeni eliphezulu bafake ukumelana, Coefficient eliphansi friction futhi ikhono Ukusheshisa kushaft egijima. Futhi, anti-friction powder izinto babe eziningi eziwusizo uma ziqhathaniswa Alloys ezimboza ukuhilizisana. Engingakusho nje wazi ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo nokukhuthazela nge-avareji kunaleyo Babbitt efanayo. Isakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe ezakhiwe powder izinsimbi, kwenza kahle impregnation zokugcoba.

Abakhiqizi nethuba ekwakheni umkhiqizo wokugcina ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Kungaba uzimele noma i-matrix izingxenye nge izimbotshana Lesisemkhatsini egcwele nezinye eluhlaza ekhululekile. Ngokuphambene, kwezinye izindawo isidingo esikhulu khona anti-friction powder izinto kokuba myagkotelnuyu isidumbu isisekelo. Amaseli ekhethekile enikeziwe ukudla okuqinile abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene of ukuhlakazwa. Le mfanelo ibaluleke kakhulu kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa kungenzeka wesi nemingcele ekutholeni ukushuba izingxenye ukuhilizisana.

Anti-friction polymer impahla

izinto Modern polymeric kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola izingxenye ezintsha lobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza ukwehlisa ukungqubuzana. Njengoba isisekelo ingasetshenziswa, futhi Alloys esiyinhlanganisela, futhi izimpushana zensimbi. Omunye eyinhloko sezici lezi zinto yikhono ngokulinganayo ukusabalalisa okufakiwe kulo lonke isakhiwo, okuyinto kuzoqhubeka nokusebenza uwoyela okuqinile. Uhlu izinto ezinjalo uthi graphites, sulphides, epulasitikini futhi nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. I izakhiwo zokusebenza polymer zokwakha kanye antifriction kakhulu bukhomba ngasesinqeni ezingeni ngaphandle modifiers: lokhu Coefficient encane friction nokuzabalazela ezindaweni esisheshayo, kanye nekhono usebenze naphakathi aqueous. Uma sikhuluma izimfanelo eziyingqayizivele polymers ongenza imisebenzi yabo ngisho ngaphandle ukuqinisa nge amafutha akhethekile.

Isicelo izinto ukuze azivikele friction

Iningi izakhi anti-friction ekuqaleni ibalwa ukusetshenziswa amaqembu izithelo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona imininingwane eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ubuhle emzabalazweni ukuguga, futhi izingxenye, ukushelela. Ngo Machine kanye nemikhiqizo efana asetshenziswa womshini injini pistons gibela ifindo, izinjini ezisebenza kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D. Lapha isisekelo okudlekayo antifriction izinto zakha ngokuhambisa amabombo okuyinto yethulwe zingene isakhiwo we chassis futhi imishini umile.

Imboni yezokwakha, futhi, akuyona into anti-friction umsebenzi. Ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezifana ziyaqiniswa izakhiwo ubunjiniyela, izakhiwo obandayo futhi ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe izinto. Ukwakhiwa nojantshi asetshenziselwa ukufakwa timphawu tesakhiwo bohlu ugingqe. Common nokusetshenziswa antifriction okwalotshwa isisekelo polymeric, okuyinto zibone indawo yazo, ezifana nemkhawulo isakhiwo izipilingi, amagiya, ibhande ngemoto kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D.

isiphetho

ngomshikisho ukunciphisa umsebenzi unganakile kuphela kungase kubonakale yesibili futhi ngokuvamile ozikhethela. Ngcono eziwuketshezi lubricating ngempela uyoqeda ezinye izindlela ukusekela izakhi lobuchwepheshe, kunciphisa ukugqoka umnyombo iqembu ukusebenza. Umenziwa isixhumanisi kusuka babbit classical angase Ushintshe igrisi okusezingeni eliphezulu okukhulunywa antifriction polymeric izinto elinesimo isakhiwo ethambile nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa ngokuya zasemsebenzini. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi ka-metal izingxenye ngomfutho ophakeme kanye nomthelela emzimbeni namanje kudinga ukufakwa okuqinile anti-friction pads. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sigaba materials Akukhona nje kunezimpande esikhathini esidlule, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ngenxa ngcono amandla izici, ubulukhuni nokuqina lokukhanda.

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