Plasma

Igazi ingenye ebaluleke ezicutshini zomzimba, esakhiwa ingxenye ewuketshezi (uketshezi olungenambala olusegazini) izidakamizwa ziyoncibilika kanye cell (ezimise) izakhi.

Lolu ketshezi ingxenye - oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi ingaphezu kwesigamu umthamo yayo (52-60%). Macroscopically - kuyinto esobala (ngezinye izikhathi kancane esinamafu) eyohlobo ketshezi aphuzi ukuqongelela e engxenyeni engenhla imithambo yegazi emva kwezulu kwamiswa izakhi. Histologically, kuba intercellular izidakamizwa liquid ingxenye yegazi.

Empeleni, la manzi kanye amaprotheni (8.7% ngesisindo), futhi wavala nosawoti therein nezinye organic compounds. litre plasma iqukethe cishe 900g yamanzi, amaprotheni 60-80g (ukuthi 4% wabo bonke amaprotheni eziqukethwe umzimba) kanye 20g we ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo compounds. Sekukonke, cishe 100 plasma amaprotheni: albumin, i α1-, α2-, β-, γ-globulin.

Main-plasma amaprotheni - albumin kuyinto (4-5%), fibrinogen (0.2-0.4%), ama-globulin (3%), immunoglobulin, ayisiza (amaprotheni obhekene amasosha omzimba ezingeni) kanye amaprotheni ethize abathintekayo izinqubo coagulation igazi. Ukwakheka sihlanganisa yayo izakhi (glucose, lipids), ama-hormone, amafutha, ushukela, amavithamini kanye namaminerali, metabolites yokugcina kanye Lesisemkhatsini, electrolyte, ion wezinto ezingaphili.

Encwadini umzimba uphilile, lizinga namaprotheni-plasma inakekelwa njalo. Ngo yezifo ezithweni ezithinteka ngokuqondile ku catabolism futhi zamagama, izinguquko zabo emakamu.

Plasma enezinto eziningi imisebenzi. Okokuqala, inikeza zokuthutha kwamangqamuzana egazi. liphinde limelele inqolobane amasu lamanzi emzimbeni. Le ngxenye ketshezi yegazi enqanda ukuhlala ndawonye enqanda odla ngu thrombi, Izimpahla izinhlaka umoya-mpilo nezakhi ulawula umfutho wegazi.

Iqembu ahlukene plasma amaprotheni - omzimba. Zivikela umzimba kusuka amagciwane, isikhunta, ama-bacterium, amangqamuzana omdlavuza (wonke amanxusa angaphandle). Coagulation amaprotheni, okuyinto futhi engxenyeni ketshezi wegazi, ukuvimbela ukopha futhi ukuvikela ukopha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plasma Izilawuli uyisa hormone ehilelekile ekunakekeleni lokushisa esitebeleni.

Plasma lipoproteins yakhiwa - okusezingeni eliphezulu isisindo yamangqamuzana amanzi-encibilikayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakwakhe ukuhlinzeka lipid amaprotheni ezokuthutha kanye lipids egazini ukuze kwezitho nezicubu. Basuke izimpawu isakhiwo ekhethekile.

Njengoba i-plasma njalo kuletha emangqamuzaneni zonke izidingo zokuphila futhi kususa imikhiqizo imfucuza kubo, khona-ke aqoqana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eziningi "udoti". Lapho esemusha, plasma kucacile futhi ihlanzekile, kodwa ngeminyaka asikwazi ukubhekana ngokugcwele ukucutshungulwa "imfucuza" futhi aqoqana ezingadingekile amakhemikhali umzimba. It ilahlekelwa obala yayo, ukuthola shades enodaka. Ngakho-ke, inqubo plasmapheresis ukhona namuhla ukusiza ubuyekeze ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi.

Ngokufanayo-ke uyahamba donor plasma - by ekwehlukaniseni egazi ngu centrifugation ku uphiko oluyisipesheli (plasmapheresis). Ukuvumela plasma uphela ngemva kokubuyisa abomvu egazi inqubo abanikelayo. Le ngxenye ketshezi legazi wokuqukethwe lelisetulu platelet kusetshenziswa imithi njengoba ukuphulukiswa stimulator nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.

Akunjalo kudala, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi kugcina imfihlo kwentsha. Namuhla kakade kukhona inqubo blood donation ngenjongo okwengeziwe hardware Bokuhlela. Omunye wabo - ungqimba plasma nge lokuhlushwa eliphezulu platelet zaphathwa isiguli ngaphansi kwesikhumba futhi uqala kabusha ingaphakathi. Lokhu kuholela imibimbi ngaphansi futhi kakhulu rejuvenates isikhumba. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, imithi bazokwazi ukuthola i-hhayi kuphela isikhumba ngendlela, kodwa futhi izibilini.