Izidakamizwa Intercellular: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Ingxenye ebalulekile yimuphi eziphilayo ukuthi zingatholakala kuphela emhlabeni kuyinto ikhemikhali intercellular. Kumiswa It is kusukela izingxenye eyaziwa - plasma, lymph-collagen amaprotheni endwangwini, mithambo ine-elastin-matrix, nokunye. Kunoma amangqamuzana omzimba futhi-matrix extracellular atehlukaniseki. Futhi manje sesine-sihlolisise indlela yokwakheka izidakamizwa, imisebenzi yayo kanye nezici.

Inani lamavoti

Ngakho, ketshezi intercellular - lokhu ingenye eziningi izinhlobo ezicutshini. Kuyinto ekhona izitho zakho ezahlukene zomzimba wethu, futhi kuye ngokuthi indawo futhi ushintshe ngezithako zawo. Ngokuvamile, ezifana izidakamizwa esibophezelayo ikhishwe kwezicubu trophic zemisipha ukuthi banesibopho ubuqotho umtimba. Ukwakheka izidakamizwa intercellular ingaphinda ungachazwa jikelele. Lokhu plasma, ama-lymph, amaprotheni, retikulinovye futhi mithambo ine-elastin zesivikelo sesifuba. Ngesisekelo le izicubu matrix olubizwa nangokuthi nemiyo amorphous. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, matrix siqukethe iqoqo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu izinto eziphilayo, amaseli zazo usayizi incane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto eziyisisekelo eyaziwa umzimba ezincane.

Izici sezicubu zezinzwa

Ezakhiwe ketshezi intercellular emisipheni kuwumphumela nemisebenzi yabo. Yingakho ngezithako zawo kuncike kulokho ingxenye yomzimba sisuke sicabanga. Uma sikhuluma ezingenzeka embungwini, kulesi simo ketshezi ingenye uhlobo. Lapha-ke kuvela ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, lipids futhi embrialnoy ezicutshini. Ngo inqubo yokukhula umzimba ahlukahlukene ngaphezulu imisebenzi yabo futhi ngokugcwalisa futhi amaseli ayo. Ngenxa lolu shintsho, kanye nokusetshenziswa intercellular. It kungabonakala kule epithelium futhi ekujuleni kwezitho zangaphakathi ku amathambo abantu bese uqwanga e yakhe. Futhi esimweni ngasinye, sizothola i Ukwakheka ngabanye, ukucacisa lapho ubulunga bakhona can sezinto eziphilayo onolwazi kuphela noma udokotela.

I fibre ebaluleke kakhulu umzimba

Kubantu, izidakamizwa intercellular ezicutshini wenza ukwesekwa eziyisisekelo umsebenzi. Akukhona onesibopho ekusebenzeni isitho esithile noma uhlelo, futhi isekela impilo nokuhlobana zonke izingxenye yabantu noma yezilwane, kusukela izitho ejulile futhi ophela dermis. Ngokwesilinganiso, isibopho limelela kusukela 60 kuya kwangu-90 isisindo amaphesenti yokukhula komzimba wonke. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu izidakamizwa emzimbeni uhlaka ukwesekwa, okuyinto usinikeza imisebenzi ebalulekile. a impahla okunjalo sehlukaniswe sebuningini sub-zinhlobo (bheka. Ngezansi) kabani isakhiwo iyafana nomunye kodwa hhayi ezifanayo ngokuphelele.

Ukumba ezijulile - "matrix"

Zona efanayo intercellular Ingqikithi zezinzwa izicubu - lokhu-matrix. It yenza umsebenzi ezokuthutha phakathi izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni, siwulimi ukwesekwa futhi adlulisele amasignali zahlukile esinye isitho komunye njengoba kudingeka. Nalokhu-matrix ngendlela umzimba womuntu noma isilwane kwenzeka, kuhileleke kuseli yokuhamba, futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile uyaca yabo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi eziningi amaseli ubukade e inqubo embryogenesis ezimele noma ayengowesifazane ezithile zesistimu yangaphakathi, ngokuba yingxenye yalolu ketshezi. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo matrix acid hyaluronic, proteoglycans futhi glycoproteins. Omunye abameleli ovelele wesibili kuyi-collagen. Le ngxenye igcwalisa ketshezi intercellular futhi itholakala cishe kuwo wonke endaweni, ngisho ekhoneni elincane emzimbeni wethu.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi skeleton

umzimba wethu ithambo kwakhiwa yenziwe yonke amaseli, osteocytes. Sinenkosi simise tapered, kanye core esikhulu okuqinile kanye nelinanincane lema-cytoplasm. Umzimba okunjalo "zakamenevshih" yethu zomzimba ezivezwa ithambo tubules ukuthi enze amanzi umsebenzi. Zona efanayo izidakamizwa intercellular ithambo kwakhiwa kuphela ngesikhathi kumiswa ithambo. Le nqubo wenziwa ngokusebenzisa osteblastam amaseli. Nazo ngokufanayo, ngemva kokwakhiwa zonke izicubu namalungu omzimba ayafa, ngiyeke phansi ukuba khona isakhiwo esinjalo. Kodwa emabangeni kokuqala idatha ithambo cell-matrix extracellular by amaprotheni zamagama, ama-carbohydrate kuyi-collagen. Uma indwangu-matrix yakheke, amaseli athoma ukuba nosawoti eziguqulelwa calcium. Kule nqubo, osteoblasts sengathi ekuvimbeni zonke izinqubo umzimba letentiwako ngaphakathi kubo, ayeke futhi bafe. Amandla skeleton okungukuthi manje kusekelwa yiqiniso lokuthi osteocytes umsebenzi. Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukulimala (ukwa, isibonelo), khona-ke kuvuselelwe osteoblasts futhi aqala ukukhiqiza-matrix extracellular ithambo izicubu izinto eziningi ezinkulu, okuyinto eyenza umzimba ukuba babhekane nalesi sifo.

Izici isakhiwo yegazi

Wonke umuntu wazi kahle walokho okubomvu ingxenye ewuketshezi izingxenye zethu ezifana plasma. Linikeza viscosity edingekayo, ikhono igazi sedimentation nokuningi. Ngakho, ketshezi intercellular kwegazi - lena plasma. Macroscopically kuba kuye, uketshezi viscous okungukuthi noma esobala noma has a kwe-tint kancane aphuzi. I-plasma njalo eqoqwe engxenyeni engenhla bomkhumbi elandelayo sebethule nezinye izakhi eziyinhloko igazi. Amaphesenti ezifana uketshezi interstitial ngendlela igazi - kusuka 50 kuya 60%. Ngesisekelo plasma ngokwawo amanzi, equkethe lipids, amaphrotheni, i-glucose kanye hormone. Futhi, i-plasma ubamba zonke ukucutshungulwa umzimba imikhiqizo ukuthi zisetshenziswa emva.

Izinhlobo amaprotheni atholakala emzimbeni wethu

Njengoba siye waqaphela kakade, isakhiwo we ketshezi intercellular kusekelwe namaprotheni ukuthi siwumkhiqizo ekupheleni amaseli. Lezi amaprotheni zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: labo possess izakhiwo ingcina, futhi lezo ukususa cell adhesion. Eyokuqala iqembu ikakhulukazi sifaka fibronectin, okuyinto okungukuthi main-matrix. Kulandele nidogen, laminin, kanye collagens fibrillar, okuyisisekelo fibre. Ngenxa yalezi tubules kukhona izinto ezihlukahlukene zithutha okunikeza umzimba. Iqembu lesibili amaprotheni - kuyinto izingxenye anti-ingcina. It yakhiwa glycoproteins ahlukahlukene. Phakathi uyakuthiwa tenascin, osteonectin, trompospondin. Lezi zingxenye kukhona ngokuyinhloko obangela ukuphulukiswa amanxeba, ukulimala. Basuke ngobuningi noma ngesikhathi izifo ezithathelwanayo.

ukusebenza

Kusobala ukuthi indima ketshezi intercellular kunoma iyiphi eziphilayo kuphezulu kakhulu. Le into, owakhiwa ikakhulukazi amaprotheni, yakheke ngisho phakathi amaseli okuqinile ahlukaniswa ibanga okungenani (bone izicubu). Ngenxa ivumelana nezimo kanye tubules ka umqhubi ku "semi uketshezi" iza umzimba. Lokhu ukucutshungulwa kungenziwa abelwe eziyisisekelo imikhiqizo iseli noma ukwenza izingxenye eziwusizo kanye amavithamini eziye ishayise umzimba nge ukudla, noma ngenye indlela. izidakamizwa Intercellular ogcwele umzimba wethu ngokuphelele, ekuqaleni futhi liphetha ngamazwi ngokusebenzisa amangqamuzana esikhumba somuntu emgodleni. Lena kungani kokubili imithi yasentshonalanga futhi Oriental kudala wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi sonke axhunyiwe. Futhi uma omunye ezilimele izitho zangaphakathi, kungangena isikhumba, izinwele, izinzipho, noma okuphambene nalokho.

Perpetuum mobile

Intercellular izidakamizwa ekhona izicubu emzimbeni yethu ngokoqobo ukuhlinzeka imisebenzi yalo ebalulekile. It ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba eziningi ezahlukene, ungase ube ukwakheka kwama-molecule ezahlukene, futhi kwezinye izimo zihlukile futhi umsebenzi izidakamizwa. Awu, buka ngasiphi izinhlobo ezicutshini, futhi lena isici ngamunye wabo. Thina ngokuhlala lapha, mhlawumbe, kuphela-plasma, njengoba layo imisebenzi nezici esesizifundile futhi ngeke liphinde livele.

kwakwakhe elula Intercellular

ISidlo phakathi amaseli okuyizinto at ibanga 15 kuya ku-20 nm ngaphandle. ezicutshini kulokhu itholakala nesikhala esinikeziwe futhi kungaphazamisi ukudlula nomsoco kanye cell imfucumfucu ukuze umsebenzi wabo tubules. Omunye izinhlobo edume kakhulu lokhu uxhumano "PUK". Kulokhu bilipidnye cell ulwelwesi ukuthi kukhona esikhaleni, kanye ingxenye cytoplasm zabo ziya onomfutho ukwakha ubuhlobo ngokuqinile lokukhanda. On futhi ihlolwe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, amavithamini namaminerali, okunikeza umsebenzi emzimbeni.

Intercellular uxhumano Friend

Ukuba khona-matrix extracellular akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi amaseli ngokwabo buqamama okukhulu komunye nomunye. Kulokhu, a elihlangana enjalo Friend of ulwelwesi yabo szhivaetsya zonke izingxenye wehlukanise izinhlelo. Ngokungafani samuntu odlule - "ukhiye", lapho amaseli futhi contact, - ke abanjalo "ukubanjwa wanamathela" ukuvimbela ukudlula izinto ezihlukahlukene ku le micu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu hlobo lomcebo intercellular kakhulu thembeke ivikela umzimba kusuka imvelo. Ngokuvamile, Fusion enjalo aminyene cell ulwelwesi zingatholakala esikhumbeni, kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene dermis, oluzungeze izitho zangaphakathi.

Uhlobo lwesithathu - desmosome

Le into uhlobo isibopho ingcina kwakhiwa okuyinto phezu kobuso amaseli. Lokhu kungaba indawo encane nge ububanzi esingaphansi 0.5 microns, ezonikeza ephumelela kunazo uxhumano mechanical phakathi nolwelwesi. Ngenxa desmosomes ifa isakhiwo ingcina, zingabantu uvalwe kakhulu futhi ngokuphephile banamathela nomunye amaseli. Ngenxa yalokho izinqubo umzimba kuzo kwenzeka ngokuyimpumelelo futhi ngokushesha kuka ngoqobo elula intercellular. kumiswa okunjalo okuqinile zenzeka izicubu intercellular kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, futhi wonke Imicu yotshani sixhumene. Umsebenzi wabo kanyekanye futhi alandelanayo evumela umzimba okufanele sisabele ngayo lapho yikuphi ukulimala zangaphandle ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye ukucubungula izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi organic futhi udlulisele kubo emagunyeni kunesidingo.

Nexus yeselula

Lolu hlobo ukuxhumana phakathi amaseli ibizwa ngokuthi slot. Iphuzu liwukuthi ukuthi kukhona iqhaza amaseli ezimbili kuphela, okuyizinto sisondelene nomunye, futhi kulokhu phakathi kwayo kube amaningi kanalchikov. Umzimba kwenzeka phakathi izingxenye ezimbili ethize kuphela. Phakathi amaseli sekuseduze kangaka nomunye, kukhona isikhala intercellular, kodwa kulokhu kuba cishe esingasebenzi. Okulandelayo ngu chain reaction, ngemva ukushintshana izinto phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili izingxenye, amavithamini kanye ion adluliswa ngeziteshi amaprotheni udlulela phambili. Kukholakala ukuthi le ndlela iyona umzimba kwaphumelela kakhulu, futhi enempilo emzimbeni, ngcono sibangelwa.

Kanjani isimiso sezinzwa

Ekhuluma umzimba futhi ezokuthutha amavithamini namaminerali ukuze umzimba, siye ngaphuthelwa uhlelo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle okuyinto ke ayikwazi ukusebenza iyiphi eyodwa ephilayo nenhlalakahle - sezinzwa. Izinzwa kusuka kulo okungukuthi, uma iqhathaniswa nezinye amaseli zethu emzimbeni zihlukaniswe kakhulu ezinkulu ibanga. Yingakho lesi sikhala ugcwele izidakamizwa intercellular, okuyinto ibizwa ngokuthi synapse. Lolu hlobo lwe-ezicutshini kungaba phakathi ezifanayo kuphela ezinzwa noma phakathi namangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi okuthiwa target cell, okuyinto kufanele lifike ishayela. Isici nobuntu nomsebenzi we synapse ukuthi okuhambisa isiginali kuphela kusukela kwesinye isitokisi bazifake kwesinye, ngaphandle ekusakazeni ngokushesha kubo bonke izinzwa. Ngokusho enjalo neketanga Imininingwane kuziwa zabo "uphawu" futhi kwazisa umuntu ubuhlungu, ukucobeka, nokunye. D.

A isiphetho sendaba emfushane

izidakamizwa Intercellular emisipheni, njengoba kuvela, lidlala indima eqakathekileko ekuthuthukiseni, ukwakheka kanye eminye lempilo zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuphila. into enjalo iwukuba ingxenye enkulu yesisindo somzimba wethu, ke efeza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu - ukuthutha futhi ivumela zonke izinkampani ukusebenza ndawonye ngaphandle komzamo umphelelisi nomunye. izidakamizwa Intercellular uyakwazi self-emumva izilonda ahlukahlukene kuholele wonke umzimba ithoni bese ukusetshenziswa ngemfanelo amaseli ahlukahlukene obonakele. Le into ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, butholakala lwamathambo futhi igazi, ngisho e-eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa nezidalwa eziphilayo. Kuzo zonke izimo, kuwuphawu kithi ngalokho okwenzekayo kithi, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ubuhlungu, uma siphukile umsebenzi isitho esithile, noma isidingo ukuthola into ethize lapho akwanele.