Poet Yan Raynis: Biography, izici yokudala, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Yan Raynis - eyaziwa imbongi Latvian, umbhali letihloniphekile, sazi sezombusazwe, eye baba nethonya elikhulu ku-kumiswa ungubani kwamasiko kanye kazwelonke abantu yezwe labo phakathi nesikhathi kumiswa uzibuse.

ebuntwaneni

Janis Pliekshans (igama umbhali, wamupha ngesikhathi sokuzalwa) wazalwa ngo-September 11, 1865 ku izindlu Tadenava - ekhoneni kakhulu eqhelile Latvia, elise Courland. Eliseduze isikhungo samasiko kuleli zwe lingumuzi zitolo, ababazi, ababazi - Dinaburg (Daugavpils). Umfana wafunda nibuke imvelo; nakho ingane isencane engcono yamkhumbula ehlobo, amasimu amahle aluhlaza kanye nasemanzini aluhlaza, emazombezombe ihlathi izindlela futhi ilanga, amandla okuhle futhi isekhona namanje izinkondlo kombhali. Ngu engcebweni lokusungula womuntu yomlobi esizayo ukuze ujoyine unina, Darth Pliekshane, owesifazane ohlakaniphile nasemsebenzini. Yena wahlabelela eziningi, futhi Yan Raynis ephethwe ukurekhoda inombolo enkulu Folk songs.

Ubaba John kwaba ushintsho olukhulu ngempela ndoda ecebile - a ongumlimi owakwazi ngokuzimela ukuthola isimo sezimali ozinzile futhi wanika imfundo yekhethelo ukuze ingane yakho. Kusukela ebuntwaneni zakuqala lo mfana kahle isiRashiya futhi isiJalimane, kamuva wabafundela isiLatini nesiFulentshi. On amaziyo eduze ne biography of Janis kuba sobala ukuthi imbongi ekhuluma eziqephuzayo futhi Lithuanian, Belarusian, Polish-Italian.

iminyaka esikoleni

Kusukela ngo-1880 Raynis Yan waya ukufunda esikoleni Riga City ke "zazihlafuna" granite isayensi ngaleso Petersburg University e-faculty of umthetho. Ngokusho Yang, emkhakheni wemisebenzi yezomthetho wakhetha, ngoba efuna kuphathe yena mathupha emphilweni isimo, waliguqula elikhuluma ngendlela engcono. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi ayekufunda lukhulu; Lawa kwakungamadodana imisebenzi abalobi endala (Aeschylus, oSophocles Homer, uHerodotus, UPlutarch) nabalobi ezikhathini zanamuhla (uShakespeare, Byron, Lermontov, uShelley, Heine, Pushkin). Parallel elihunyushwe imisebenzi emikhulu ekhuluma zabuna emhlabeni.

Kwaba Petersburg, sombuso imbongi wamavukelambuso ayefungile allegiance sabasebenzi futhi kwaba usuku lokugcina wakhonza izithakazelo zakhe.

imisebenzi lesibonwa

Lapho beqeda, Yan Raynis, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako isihloko nokuziqhenya ethile bakubo, wathatha umsebenzi endaweni okukhethekile: lokuqala e Vilnius, ke e Berlin, Panevezys, Jelgava. Ngemva sivikele ocwaningeni yakhe ngo-1891, waba wabaholi wesayensi wezomthetho, kodwa goodbye sasivumela lula umsebenzi omuhle ummeli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Yan Raynis nesithakazelo kakhulu kwezombusazwe, wayelithanda umsebenzi wokubhala, efika iphephandaba "Dienas Lapa", ngokusho izithakazelo zabo eduze umoya zenhlalo-yeningi. Lokho iminyaka yokuhlela kwakungamadodana ukundlula isikhathi umsebenzi lesibonwa Yana Raynisa. Imbongi ngabhala nenkondlo, ukubuyekezwa, ukubuyekezwa izihloko zezombusazwe kanye polemical, isibe omunye izintatheli engcono ethandwa wezwe lakhe.

esekudingisweni

Poet Rainis Yang, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako isithakazelo esiqotho ezahlukene abafundi, ngenkuthalo wabalwela imibono wamavukelambuso, lokho ngokuphindaphindiwe akayanga etilongweni. Ngokokuqala ngqá wayengumuntu ejele ngo-1897. Ngo-1899, imbongi wadingiselwa iminyaka 5 esifundazweni Vyatka - omunye izikhungo besekudingisweni zezombusazwe, owaziwa ngokuba emaxhaphozini yaso engapheli namahlathi esingaweleki obukhulu. Kwakulapho, edolobheni yesifundazwe Russian abilayo umsebenzi wayo ongokomoya Rainis eshicilelwe iqoqo yakhe yokuqala izinkondlo "I Echoes ezikude blue ebusuku" (1903), sibonakalisa ngokucacile uhambo lwayo kwezobuciko nezingokomoya cishe engu-20.

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe ekhaya Rainis ngachitha iminyaka emibili elikhiqizayo kakhulu zokuphila. Ngesikhathi imbongi wayeshade imbongi edumile Aspasia, eneminyaka engu-38 ubudala, futhi eyingoduso ngokugcwele emsebenzini nomphakathi nemisebenzi yokudala. Yang babonakala eziningi emihlanganweni futhi imihlangano, wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo iCongress of the othisha Latvian wabambisana Social Democrats, waya eMoscow uyisihambeli. Nge glee nenjabulo imbongi asabela ngayo inguquko ka 1905, lapho wathatha ngqo ingxenye.

Ukufezwa esiphawuleka kunazo zonke kulesi sikhathi kwaba ivesi isenzakalo esivelele kakhulu esithinta "Umlilo Nobusuku" - umsebenzi omkhulu drama Latvian.

Biography futhi umbhali wencwadi ethi

Raynis Yan nomkakhe ngemva kokunqotshwa kwavukelwa ahlomile lapho efudukela Switzerland, kulo iminyaka engu-15 lapho. Lokho le mbongi lizwe ngokuthi ikhaya lakhe lesibili. Lapha emhlabeni noma bebona imisebenzi enjalo nombhali ngokuthi "Ukuphela futhi Ekuqaleni", "Thulile Book", "New Force", "Labo ungakhohlwa", "Daugava", "O madoda, shayani, Wind", "umlilo Nobusuku", "Joseph nabafowabo "," ihhashi Golden ". Plays netinkondlo Raina baba ezinhle kunazo zezinkondlo eLatvia, ngaphambili ezigugile uhlamvu yesibili futhi sokulingisa izincwadi German.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngemva kokuphindela Latvia ezimele kakade, lapho yena nomkakhe, izinkulungwane zabantu wabingelela njengoba amaqhawe esizwe, Yan Raynis wabhala le nhlekelele "Ilya Muromets" bese wanyathelisa incwadi izinkondlo "Sketchbooks Ezinhlanu Dagda." Ngemva kokuchitha zokugcina 9 iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe e Riga, imbongi wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, wakhethwa ukuba ababamele Omhlangano Latvia, kwaba labalobi soMthethosisekelo wezwe ngisho iqhaza emncintiswaneni kamongameli, okuyinto elahlekile. Kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1925 wasebenza njengoba umqondisi eMoscow Art Theatre. Inani elikhulu esiteji imisebenzi zalotshwa ngu-National Theatre ngesikhathi kubusa Rainis. Kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1928, Yan Raynis wakhonza njengephayona sikaNgqongqoshe weMfundo, futhi ngo-1925 wathola umklomelo omkhulu kunayo yonke ezweni - Order of Three Stars 1 degree.

Impilo imbongi Latvian sephula Jurmala, 12 no-September 1929. Yan Raynis kwesokunxele ngokuzumayo, kusale izinto ezigciniwe ukuze engaphezu kwekhulu izingcezu sidle. umbhali Buried edumile emhlabeni wonke esikhathini okusha Amathuna, kamuva ngegama lakhe. Ngo-1943, u-Jan wembelwa ngasendleleni umkakhe, Aspasia.

Plays Yana Raynisa ibekwe ezigabeni amatiyetha Latvian hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi yonke le mbulunga futhi izinkondlo zakhe, onyatheliswe kuyi-izinguqulo ezintsha, kuthatha izigidi zabafundi.