Sakhiwo amaseli eukaryotic

Zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuye ngokuthi ukutholakala ikhenela zingahlukaniswa zibe imikhakha emibili ezibanzi: prokaryotes futhi eukaryotes. Zombili lezi zinkulumo zisuselwa kusukela lesiGreki «karion» - ikhenela.

Labo eziphilayo ungenalo nucleus ngokuthi prokaryotes - eziphilayo pre-zenuzi nge ndaba zenuzi ngendlela inclusions. Isakhiwo iseli eukaryotic Kuthi ezahlukene. Ngokungafani prokaryotes, eukaryotes baye core wenza - lena umehluko zabo eziyinhloko. Ukuze prokaryotes zihlanganisa amagciwane, cyanobacteria, Rickettsia kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ukuze eukaryotes zihlanganisa abameleli imibuso Fungus, Izimila Nezilwane.

Sakhiwo amaseli eukaryotic eziphilayo ezahlukene yenuzi efanayo. izingxenye yabo eyinhloko - nucleus futhi cytoplasm, okuyinto ndawonye bakha protoplast. I cytoplasm kuyinto-semi liquid isizinda impahla, noma njengoba ibizwa, hyaloplasm, lapho izakhiwo yengqamuzana - organelles ezisebenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Kusukela ngaphandle cytoplasm sizungezwe ulwelwesi plasma. Plant kanye amaseli fungal abe ulwelwesi plasma ngaphandle iseli igobolondo eqinile. I cytoplasm zezitshalo amaseli athile kanye nesikhunta iqukethe vacuoles - Bubbles zazo zigcwele amanzi kanye izinto ezihlukahlukene ziyoncibilika kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-cell afakiwe ifomu izakhi esikhululekile noma imikhiqizo ekupheleni umzimba. Izici nokwakheka eukaryotic cell imisebenzi ngenxa inclusions ukuthi kukhona kuseli.

Sakhiwo umsebenzi amaseli eukaryotic:

• plasma ulwelwesi - a bilayer lipid ne amaprotheni linamathele kuwo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we ulwelwesi plasma - exchange of izinto phakathi iseli qobo kanye nemvelo. Ngenxa ulwelwesi plasma wenziwa kanye ukuxhumana phakathi amaseli emibili elandelanayo.
• nucleus - element iseli has dvumembrannuyu igobolondo. Main core umsebenzi - kulondolozwe ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo - deoxyribonucleic acid. Ngokusebenzisa core ezilungisiwe umsebenzi yeselula, izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo udluliselwa indodakazi amaseli.
• mitochondria - lezi organelles abakhona kuphela nezitshalo nezilwane amaseli. Mitochondria, njengoba nje nengaphakathi babe ulwelwesi ezimbili phakathi lapho kukhona emphethweni yangaphakathi - Kristen. Mitochondria aqukethe DNA isiyingi, ribosomes, sebuningini enzyme. Ngenxa lezi organelles eyenziwa-mpilo ukuphefumula isigaba amaseli (kwemiqondo adenosine triphosphate).
• plastids - zitholakala kuphela yeseli isitshalo, ngoba umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko - photosynthesis.
• reticulum endoplasmic (reticulum) - wuhlelo sacs isicaba - amathangi, voids futhi mapayipi. On the reticulum endoplasmic (anolaka) ahlelwe organelles ezibalulekile - ribosomes. I amathangi ngci futhi uvuthwe amaprotheni inethiwekhi, okuyinto zidluliselwa inethiwekhi uqobo. Ngo Ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana reticulum bushelelezi futhi synthesis lipid steroid.
• Golgi apharathasi - uhlelo eflethini odnomembrannyh ithangi futhi Bubbles enamathiselwe kuze kube semikhawulweni enwetshiwe ethangini. Umsebenzi we eziyinkimbinkimbi Golgi - ekuqongeleleni kanye nenguquko amaprotheni lipids. Lapha akhiwa vesicles secretory ukuthi ukwethula impahla ngaphandle cell. Sakhiwo amaseli eukaryotic yokuthi iseli has indlela yayo ukuze ukwabiwa imfucuza izinto.
• lysosomes - odnomembrannye vesicles eziqukethe enzyme hydrolytic. Siyabonga kuseli lysosomes Digest ezilimele organelles, amaseli izidumbu.
• ribosomes - kukhona ezimbili zama, kodwa umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko - inhlangano yama-protein molecule.
• centrioles - isimiso microtubules, okuyinto zakhiwa amaprotheni molecule. Ngenxa centrioles kwakhiwa skeleton yangaphakathi kwengqamuzana, kungaba silondoloze ezakheke unomphela.

Isakhiwo iseli eukaryotic seliyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho amaseli prokaryotic. Ngenxa yokuba khona-nucleus, eukaryotes unekhono ukudlulisela ulwazi zofuzo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukungaguquguquki inhlobo yayo.