Potassium thiocyanate - ikhemikhali enobuthi elisetshenziswa ithempulethi yengqikithi

Potassium thiocyanate (e yesimanje IUPAC ngesilwane esifuywayo - thiocyanate potassium) - zinhlayiya ngaphandle umbala iphunga; e fake ihlukaniswe zithole emhlophe. Ingqikithi has a okumunyu ukunambitheka okubabayo, kuyinto anobuthi. Potassium thiocyanate kakhulu oncibilikayo kumakhemikhali awuketshezi eziningi, ezifana namanzi, ethanol, futhi amyl utshwala.

reception

Egcekeni yalungiswa nje kuphela ngezinto zemvelo namakhemikhali, iyahlule imithombo yemvelo (igazi ngamathe zabantu) - kuyabiza kakhulu. Ukuze synthesize le thiocyanate potassium, ezidingekayo ukuze uhlanganise izixazululo of ammonium thiocyanate kanye potassium hydroxide (igama ovamile - hydroxide potassium).

Isilingo kwenziwa ngaphansi hood, ngoba i-ammonia kungabangela chemical ukusha futhi ubuthi; ke filtration we isixazululo ukuhlanzwa ukuthi ayahwamuka insali ukunikeza zinhlayiya efana oyifunayo. Lapho umkhiqizo okukhiphayo amaphesenti ayisikhombisa eyanele ammonium thiocyanate isampula okumsulwa, le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu.

Enye indlela iwukuba sulphur elixutshiwe ne potassium-cyanide, kodwa inqubo enjalo ukulungiswa potassium thiocyanate kuyingozi ngempela ngenxa ubuthi eliphezulu cyanide.

isicelo

Kusebenza potassium thiocyanate, nemikhiqizo yalo, kanye nezixazululo ne lokuhlala ezahlukahlukene imikhakha ambalwa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Textile umkhakha.
• ifilimu Ubuciko bezithombe.
• zamagama Organic.
• ibhokisi lombhalo onothile.

Izindawo yokusetshenziswa

1. Basembonini yendwangu. Isixazululo potassium thiocyanate isetshenziselwa Etching kwezicubu, isb - usilika, ngesikhathi efaka isicelo nokusingatha ukuze alondoloze izakhiwo kokuqala komsebenzi.
2. Ngo zamagama organic. Kusukela potassium thiocyanate kwemiqondo ezinye izinto eziphilayo, ezifana thiourea, amafutha zokwenziwa lwesinaphi udayi ahlukahlukene. Futhi etholwe ngosizo nezinye thiocyanates, isb - thiocyanate-2 zethusi.
3. Ngo utho lomklamo, isixazululo potassium thiocyanate isetshenziselwa ukuzimisela cations yensimbi trivalent asendabeni. Isibonelo engokomfanekiso zisabela kanjani, okubandakanya potassium thiocyanate futhi ferric chloride-3, obizwa nangokuthi "igazi lamanzi", okuthi purplish-bomvu potassium hexacyanoferrate 3; igama ezivamile - abomvu usawoti. Thiocyanates futhi esetshenziselwa ukwehlukana izinsimbi ezingavamile ezifana cindezela bese lanthanum. Thiocyanate, potassium chloride nojeli muva nje kusiza ekukhiqizeni igazi yokufakelwa ngoba kinosomok, kodwa le ndlela iya endleleni ngenxa isingeniso ekukhiqizeni ifilimu computer.
4. Kwezolimo, kusukela izixazululo etholwe Thiocyanates zinambuzane eqinile. Zimbili ukusabela kungenzeka:

• Okokuqala - ethola igesi thiocyano ngokususa potassium usawoti; Rodan yigesi kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba zonke izinto eziphilayo futhi kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa.
• Okwesibili - Ukuqedwa potassium thiocyanate, inkokhiso ezikhishwe phakathi hydrolysis tsianovodorodnoy acid namachibi efana umphumela Cyanogen. Cyan - engengaphansi anobuthi, kodwa ngaphezulu igesi esindayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne Rodan, ngakho ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengenhlangano zinambuzane.

Potassium thiocyanate kuyinto into enobuthi umthamo ebulalayo imayelana 0.9 amagremu lomcebo amakhilogramu esisindo ngayinye ku ukulungiselela ngomlomo kwakwakhe.

ukutholakala

potassium thiocyanate zingathengwa ngasiphi amakhemikhali esitolo, kodwa izinto eziningi ezincane ngenxa ubuthi kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu. Intengo isilinganiso reagent - ruble ezine kilogram per, kuthengiswa ikakhulukazi kungagcini amakhilogremu amabili umuntu ngamunye.

ukuvikeleka

Ngenxa ubuthi bayo, i-potassium thiocyanate kumele agcinwe ezimweni ezikhethekile ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zokuphepha sokusingatha ezinobuthi:

1. Okunamandla nezisombululo potassium thiocyanate akuvumelekile udle futhi ingress engathandeki kakhulu izixazululo nge emakamu eliphezulu we ketshezi eziyisisekelo esikhunjeni.
2. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umuthi enobuthi kuphela uma isicelo kumsebenzi wangaphakathi ngalolu ketshezi kuyinto efiselekayo iraba amagilavu lab elingenamikhono, futhi, njengoba nazo zonke amakhemikhali izidingo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo.
3. Kuyadingeka ukuba bahlukanise izinto kusukela bantfwana nebantfu abangenayo ulwazi uchwepheshe njengoba kungabangela izigameko ezingemnandi nokulahlekelwa reagents, kabi, futhi ukufa okuzumayo.
4. Njengoba kungezona lezo nonflammable oqine ngokwanele emoyeni, kungenzeka ukuphatha izidakamizwa isitoreji ebumnyameni. closet ezomile. Gwema nomswakama eliphezulu futhi elangeni, njengoba kungenzeka ngenxa Ukuwohloka noqhekeko reagent yengxenye yayo izingxenye. Futhi ejwayelekile NFPA 704 kophawu orthorhombic has izimpawu ezilandelayo: 3 0 0 W, lapho 3 (a lozenge okwesibhakabhaka) - ubuthi, 0 (i-red yellow) - flammability futhi reactivity, futhi W - uphawu ekuxhumaneni ngamanzi, okuyinto ikhishwe ezinesihlungu thiocyanic acid.

Futhi khumbula, amakhemikhali ucwaningo - kuyamangaza futhi eyingqayizivele, kodwa nakanye udebeselele izinyathelo zokuphepha!