Propylene glycol - kuyini? izakhiwo Chemical, ukusetshenziswa

Omunye ezivame kakhulu kuleli yezimonyo, amakha ukudla izimboni, kanye sphere technical nemiyo organic okuqondene alcohols. Igama layo - propylene glycol. Kuyini lokhu? Cabanga izakhiwo, ukwakheka kwama-molecule futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalesi kwakwakhe isihloko.

Propylene glycol - kuyini?

Lokhu abantu dialcohol baqala ukusebenzisa ngokushesha nje lapho ezwa ukuthi izakhiwo ewusizo futhi kubaluleke anazo. Ngaphandle-ke akuhlukile kangako kusukela Ethanol noma glycerol, kanye ketshezi. Nokho, viscosity yayo ingaphezu kwe-ethanol, kodwa leliphasi kunaleyo ka glycerol. Ngokusho ubuthi bayo lungaphezu wawungaphansi umakhelwane eliseduze ochungechungeni homologous - ethylene glycol.

Uma ethanediol - ushevu eqinile, le glycol propylene - akukho. Ukusetshenziswa kwale nto ezisuselwa kuzakhiwo zalo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Uma thina chaza kafushane imikhakha eyinhloko lapho kukhona propylene glycol, isicelo siyofezwa emikhakheni eziningana emnothweni.

1. umkhakha Chemical.
2. Aircraft nokwakhiwa imoto.
3. Amafutha kanye umkhakha igesi.
4. Paint futhi ukuvenisha umkhakha.
5. Zokulungisa kwamakha umkhakha.
6. Ukukhiqizwa kokudla.
7. ensimini Technical womsebenzi.
8. Medicine.

Kusobala ukuthi izincwadi esizifundayo into kuyinto eyigugu izinto chemical engahluziwe isisulu ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni evamile kanye nokusebenza izakhiwo ezahlukene. Yingakho ukukhiqizwa umkhiqizo ngeke ibalwe e amathani ngonyaka. nokuthengiswa Kwalo ukungena phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili futhi kwenziwe ngenkuthalo. Cishe wonke mkhakha womsebenzi kanye ukukhiqizwa kuthinta ukusetshenziswa into ezifana propylene glycol. Kuyini lokhu? Kuyini oyiyo zamakhemikhali, ifomula kanye izakhiwo? Sizophenya olwengeziwe.

Ifomula kanye engqamuzaneni

Kunezinhlobo eziningana amafomula ngawo ungabonisa hhayi kuphela Ukwakheka qualitative ambalwa engqamuzaneni, kodwa ukuze izibopho-athomu e-ke, okungukuthi, isakhiwo ndaba.

1. Yamamolekhula noma enokwehla. Ngokusho lokhu ifomula kungenziwa yahlulelwe ukubunjwa kwakwakhe. Propylene glycol lizovela C ₃ H ₈ O _2. Kodwa umlando onjalo akukuniki kungenzeka ukubikezela izakhiwo into, ngoba i-oda engaziwa athomu.
2. I olujiyile ifomula kwesakhiwo. Kulokhu, ukwakheka propylene has indlela efanayo kodwa kungase kudingeke izinhlobo ezimbili: 1,2 - propanediol CH ₂ OH-CHOH-CH _3, futhi 1.3-propanediol CH ₂ OH-CH ₂ -CH ₂ OH. Isikhundla iqembu obusebenzayo inomthelela reactivity we ketshezi. Phakathi kwabo izakhiwo ezimbili - isomers.
   
3. Okugcwele ifomula kwesakhiwo. Ibonisa isibopho ngamunye molecule, kuhlanganise kwakwakhe phakathi carbon ne-hydrogen. I glycol propylene zonke izixhumanisi olulodwa sigma-hlobo, ngakho ukumela umqondo ogcwele isakhiwo asipheli.

Njengoba elula izidakamizwa propylene - uketshezi okuyinto inhlanganisela racemic kwezinhlaka ezimbili optical isomeric. Lokhu kungenxa quin carbon athomu e neketanga. Ngakho-ke, umuntu uzungeza indiza ngamaza okukhanya ngakwesokudla omunye ashiywe. Nokho, impahla efana sisonke cishe awukho umphumela.

Izakhiwo we ketshezi

Ngamagama nemingcele ngokomzimba, 100% propylene glycol has izici ezilandelayo.

1. liquid kungekho nto enemibala emihle, awugqinsi, viscous, has a kusho ukuminyana value.
2. On ulwanga, elinambitheka sashukela, ethize iphunga.
3. Kuyinto kuphela kuhle abameleli bazo zonke amakilasi izidakamizwa.
4. Sam propylene glycol kuyinto oncibilikayo emanzini futhi utshwala ezimbi - e-benzene futhi ether.
5. Ukubila iphuzu - 45.5 ⁰ C ngomfutho evamile. Izinga kwanda ingcindezi enkulu.
6. It has ngezinga eliphezulu hygroscopicity.
7. Liveza ongaphakeme ukugqwala khono.

izakhiwo ezinjalo ngokomzimba futhi ukucacisa Amasimu eyinhloko isicelo we ketshezi. Ngemva propanediol ukwazi nokunciphisa okuqinile isicupho naphakathi emoyeni umswakama futhi ubopha ke, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa izidakamizwa, nizihlakaza enkompolo ezizungezile. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa embonini yezokudla.

chemical izakhiwo

Ngokombono walaba reactivity, 1,3-propylene glycol kuyinto isomer esisheshayo ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyakwazi polymerize. Ngokuvamile, kukhona ukusabela eziningana ezinkulu bayakwazi ukungena utshwala dihydric.

1. Esterification. Nge acid eziphilayo kanye wezinto ezingaphili is asabela ngayo yakha esters.
2. Ngendlela esisabela ngayo alikhali unika glycolates, into efanayo eyenzeka ukuxhumana ne izinsimbi alikhali.
3. Onekhono zokuntula amanzi emzimbeni lapho kumiswa aldehydes, allylic alcohols dimetildioksanov kanye neminye imikhiqizo.
4. ukusabela Dehydrogenation kungaholela ekwakhekeni acetol, aldehydes, acid.
5. I namachibi kuhambisana kumiswa molecule acetone, propionaldehyde, acidosis acid, formaldehyde nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi ketshezi umkhakha kubhekwa ephephile imvelo. Ngempela, ngenxa stepwise kwamazinyo-molecule kwakheka nje amanzi -carbon dioxide. Le nqubo kanje:

• propylene glycol;
• acidosis acid;
• PVK (pyruvic acid) ;
• amanzi;
• carbon dioxide.

Ngakho kubhekwe Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa lolu uxhumano ngezinhloso ezehlukene: tebuchwepheshe ukudla yezimonyo.

Ubuthi imiphumela emzimbeni futhi

Propylene glycol - kuyini mayelana nomthelela emzimbeni womuntu? Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene futhi ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi umthelela oqondile omubi eziphilayo futhi izitho, lokhu kwakwakhe akanayo. Doesnt ngalesi siyingi kubangele ubuhlungu kanye ububomvu kwesikhumba, akusho buthelela ku isibindi kanye nezinso, njengoba amakhefu ngisho endleleni eya kubo.

Ukuhlolwa ku amagundane ngubani idliwe propylene glycol nsuku zonke, wabonisa ukuthi akuphazamisi ezimpilweni nasekuphileni eziphilayo. Nokho, uma isikhathi eside ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kanye amalungiselelo equkethe esiningi izidakamizwa, kungenteka uhlushwe izinso, umsebenzi wabo futhi ubuqotho uyoba sezingeni eliphansi. Kodwa lokhu kumele adliwe semali okumsulwa ngokuyisisekelo 100% propylene glycol, okuyinto Yebo kungenakwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuleli yezimonyo, amakha ukudla umkhakha uvunyelwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho neziqondiso. I nomthelela omubi kuphela ungaba ku kulabo abaphethwe izifo zesikhumba, dermatitis, eczema namafomu eyinkimbinkimbi yokungezwani komzimba. Kulokhu, it is hhayi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa okhilimu yokugcoba, imithi yokugeza izinwele kanye neminye imikhiqizo aqukethe ketshezi.

Ukukhiqiza Imboni

izakhiwo Chemical uvumele propylene ukuthola propylene oxide kuwo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile lokushisa (200 ⁰ C) nokucindezelwa (1.6 MPA). Kulokhu imikhiqizo izithako ezintathu nje:

• propylene glycol;
• glycol;
• tripropylene.

Ukuze kucutshungulwe nokuhlukaniswa indlela eya ekulungiseni ikholomu ekhethekile isetshenziswa. Umkhiqizo osuphelile has a high ubumsulwa value (99%), bese-ke ngokushesha isilungele ukusetshenziswa. Ukudla propylene glycol asitholayo ukucutshungulwa ezengeziwe, isitoreji isikhathi seminyaka emibili.

Sebenzisa njengenda emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni

Okokuqala utshwala isetshenziswa umkhakha njengoba yenethiwekhi ukushisa. Propylene glycol ingasetshenziswa teploustanovkah ku uhla lokushisa kusuka -40 ⁰ C 108 ⁰ C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqwala ikhono layo ongaphakeme evumela ukuba silondoloze imishini. Ngakho-ke propanediol isetshenziselwa:

• Ukushisa;
• conditioning zonke izinhlobo izakhiwo;
• ukupholisa;
• Cooling ukudla.

Asetshenziswa izimonyo

Ikhono we ketshezi ukubamba futhi ubopha amanzi, bahlakazeka, ekuthuthukiseni ukuthungwa, iphunga molecule baphathe ekubangelayo ukusebenzisa izimonyo kwamakha izimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, reactivity ongaphakeme nokuphepha ngokuya ngesimiso semvelo, imithi futhi sithole choice of le ngxenye ukudala okhilimu, amashampu, ayinhlama yokugcoba kanye neminye imikhiqizo.

Kukhona izinkampani eziningi ezinikeza ukuthenga propylene glycol. Inani kuncike lokuhlushwa umkhiqizo kanye nenani oda. It zokhahlamba kusuka ruble kilogram per 150 kuya 170.

Ukusetshenziswa embonini yezokudla

Esikhathini umkhakha ukudla propylene glycol eyaziwa ngokuthi E1520. Iyilungu imikhiqizo abaningi abangabokuqala pasty, ukungaguquguquki alube kanye confectionery okuqinile. indima yakhe - kuhlakazeka ukuthambisa, ukubanda, ukuwafaka.