Pushkin sika izimbongi isikhathi: uhlu imisebenzi

Izimbongi kwesikhathi Pushkin sika - into okungukuthi inkathi yokuchuma izinkondlo Russian futhi kuchazwe nohlaka 1810-1830 GG. (Ukuze inkomba: ulandele - Isiliva Ubudala - has emingceleni 1894-1929 GG.). Uma ukukhanya yegolide ilanga unika, inyanga ebusuku - esiliva, kodwa lokho omunye indaba, futhi ubuye ngempela ezithakazelisayo.

Pho-ke, kwakukhona into enjalo - "izimbongi kwesikhathi Pushkin sika '? Vala Pushkin wadala lyricists abantu abakhaliphile. Kodwa lo mbuthano kunengqondo ukwenza izimbongi ababesondelene zabuna okukhulu emoyeni, wabelane naye imibono yefilosofi, isikhundla emphakathini nezomphakathi, izinkolelo zokuziphatha futhi ngenxa yobuhle, abantu phikisana izitha efanayo etemibhalo.

Izimbongi Pushkin Times: uhlu

Ngokusondela phezulu kulolu hlu, ngakho udinga ukuba wasondela ngokucophelela. Uma kubalulekile ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi Zhukovsky Batiushkov no D. Davidov ke Lermontov, Koltsov Polezhaeva futhi kakade okukhulunywe kwenkathi poslepushkinskoy, njengalokho ebeyizigqila nezinye izinkinga bokubanga izinkondlo.

Nokho, ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi izimbongi kwesikhathi Pushkin sika - kuba abantu owayehlala futhi esebenzela ngesikhathi esisodwa nge Pushkin. Futhi kungakhathaliseki eduze banjani ngokomoya futhi kusukela iphuzu kwezincwadi buka, imbongi omkhulu, kwaba juqu kuphela ukuthi babehilelekile izinkondlo ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi njalo bathuthukise amakhono abo ngokufunda kusuka komunye nomunye.

Ngakho, obani la izimbongi kwesikhathi Pushkin sika? Uhlu Yiqiniso, uqala nge abaculi ezifana V A. Zhukovsky ( "USvetlana", "Ulwandle", "ULyudmila," "iNkosi Forest," "Kusihlwa"), K. Batyushkov ( "Dream", " Umlayezo ovela I. M. Muravevu-Apostol "," Iziko wami "," Ariosto futhi Tasso "," Petrarch "), PA Vyazemsky (" imbali engenakonakala "," Izinyembezi yokuvalelisa "," Village isonto "," inkosi Peas "" abantu Elihle "), DV Davydov (" pilgrim "," Borodino ensimini "," Hussar izono "," ingoma yami "," Ukuhlakanipha "," I love you ngoba ... "," Siskin futhi rose "), F. N. Glinka (" on ukuphila piiticheskoy Pushkin sika "," Indzaba ku impi ye Borodino "," uJobe, khulula odrazhanie Encwadi KaJobe, "" Hurray! Ukuze isiteleka ezintathu kanye '), M. V Milonov ( "Towards rubella", "Ukuze ungudadewethu", "amahlamvu Falling", "Umlayezo abalimi"), PA Katenin ( "Natasha", "umbulali", "Goblin", "Olga", "Andromache") kanye nabanye ukuthi kakade sezilithathile ndawo babe ababhali, kanti ezinye zaziba emdala futhi abanolwazi oluningi kunawe Pushkin yena. Nokho, ngemva kokuhlangana naye babeqaphela imiphumela yayo enamandla, kokubili abantu kanye wobuciko.

Okuvame kakhulu kanti ethandwa isihloko inkathi yokuchuma izinkondlo babeshumayela isigijimi enobungane. Izimbongi Pushkin Times Batyushkov futhi Zhukovsky, obani ayebabheka njengezitha othisha lakhe ibingamashumi okhokho bayo, kodwa ke lolu hlobo izinkondlo waphelela baqhubeka Pushkin yena. Alexander walithanda Batiushkov bambiza "sefilosofi we ngokomoya" futhi "Parnassian ibheja ojabulayo 'ngoba izinkondlo Batiushkov kwahluka euphony noma ngokunembile, umsindo zomculo. Yena hit sifanankhamisa okungavamile, okuyinto waphinda "s" ungwaqa: "Injabulo kuyanda entwasahlobo"; "Entwasahlobo Lovelier" nokunye. D.

Ofunda nabo-lyceum

Kwabe sekuthi ngo-kumele kubandakanye basekilasini lakhe, nabafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme, futhi ubungane bethu buye baqina kulolu hlu: V K. Kyuhelbekera ( "Griboyedov", "Ode kuya ekufeni Byron", "Argives," "Ngo-1829", "Isiphetho izimbongi Russian"), A. A. Delviga ( "A. S. Pushkinu", "Izinyembezi uthando", "Sonnet", "Epilogue") futhi A. D. Illichevskogo ( "Ethembeni", "Okthoba 19", "ezintathu Blind Man", "The Merry futhi isizathu "," umakhi futhi umbazi "). By the way, owokugcina charm bangempela Pushkin ngokuthi "i-Wit ethandeka", "umngane nembangi" njengoba akwenza kwakukubi kubhekwe imbangi yakhe eyinhloko izinkondlo.

Sasizigqokele ngalolo uhlu, nabantu bangesikhathi owahlangabeza ne imbongi omkhulu ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwakhe, futhi-ke, ngenxa giftedness yabo nabanekhono Basaba sebusakazekele ku ubuciko izincwadi. Lokhu NM Izilimi ( "The Tempest", "Spring", "A. S. Pushkinu", "Trigorskoye", "Ekuseni"), EA Baratynsky ( "Achilles", "Muse", "impophoma") . izindlela zabo yokudala ususondela, wabe esehlukanisa nge Pushkin.

Ukuze lolu hlu singakwazi wengeze elinye iqembu - kwabantu okwadingeka ithalente kancane kakhulu, kodwa ngemva nethonya elinamandla ubuntu nento genius Pushkin sika, kulula kakhulu ukuba ufunde isihloko futhi sekulula nokuya kwamanye isitayela sakhe esicacile futhi esobala senkondlo. It KF Ryleev ( "Ivan Susanin", "Ukufa Ermak", "Dimitriy Samozvanets"), FA Tumansky ( "Birdy," "Elegy", "I-Motherland"), VI Tumansky ( "Odessa "," Umculi "" TIFF "," Ukubuyisana "), V. G. Teplyakov (" Isizungu "," Amakhasi White "," uMoya "," Dadewethu ubudala "), DP Oznobishin (" Wreath " "imfihlakalo umprofethi," "idemoni ukuba nomhawu", "Duma"), A. I. Podolinsky ( "Inkatho", "i-Portrait", "Isifundo", "Inkanyezi"), kanye nabanye.

abalingisi

Kulesi uhlu kwakukhona abanye abalingisi kanye epigones ka Pushkin, owayesanda nje ngilinqobile ithalente esankondlo wayeyisazi omkhulu (PA Pletnev, M. D. Delaryu, V. N. Schastny, AA Shishkov, E. F. Rozen) .

Ngokuvamile, zonke lezi amagama - sekuyisikhathi imbongi Pushkin sika. Nokho, Davydov, oludala owayephila ngesikhathi Pushkin, kungokwalabo ukuziqhenya indawo kulolu hlu. Pushkin ayebahlonipha imisebenzi yakhe olusankondlo, futhi bagijimela ukuba "qinisa" lamavesi.

Hussar Davydov kwadingeka izwi olusankondlo eliyingqayizivele futhi -Lokucuketfwe. Wafaka buso etemibhalo abanesibindi yobukhohlakali, behlakaniphile, ephonseka benezinhliziyo imbongi imbongi exokozelayo-ibhodle ngubani neze ukusinikeza ukwephula evamile inhlonipho ngabanye futhi okubhekwa, kuyilapho wayekhetha malula futsi lobuqotho yamagama ukuziphathisa cutesy, kusukela ayezoba nesithukuthezi .

Gusar-imbongi

Ngempela, kunokuba angelvmi kwaba izimbongi kwesikhathi Pushkin sika. Davydov Denis vasilevich phakathi abangane angamaqhawe kwaba elungele noma iluphi zobuqhawe, futhi wathuthukisa "orgy khulula" phakathi izimpi. Wayengeke ume careerists futhi ngabakhankasi, bonke imicikilisho futhi sokuprakthiza. Uhlala, ngisho izikhathi ukuphumula esifushane, ungakhohlwa mayelana lokhokho futhi empini phambi kwakhe. izinkondlo zakhe uhlukile ngendlela yalo, ke wazalwa izimpi, imikhankaso, futhi ngezikhathi phakathi izimpi, nokuthi wayeziqhenya.

imbongi yasekuqaleni kakhulu isikhathi Pushkin sika. Davydov Denis vasilevich Njengoba isibonelo hussar imaski eligadulayo imbongi razgulnika, ngakho ujuluke kakhulu futhi akazange athathe off, uma ahlanganisiwe nalo.

Ngo isosha esihlatshelelwayo yakhe kwakuzwakala "hussar" izingoma, izinkondlo satirical nothando Elegy, wadala uhlobo olusha iqhawe - iqhawe-Patriot, inkululeko-onothando, esebenzayo, ngomphefumulo evulekile yomuntu.

Vyazemsky - imbongi isikhathi Pushkin sika

Eqhubeka isihloko kufanele nakanjani kuqashelwe ukuthi Pushkin sithandwa futhi sihlonishwa Vyazemsky. Kwakubonakala kuye ukuthi ezihlanganiswe imvelo okubukhali umqondo onembile yesimanjemanje. It wayeyindoda erudite kokuvamile yolwazi encyclopedic.

Ngaphandle Vyazemskij - adherent nowayenguSomhlahlandlela ka romanticism Russian. Kodwa kaningi emibhalweni yakhe, yena wasithanda ukuya agumenti, okuyinto wanika imisebenzi a ukoma ezithile futhi kancane muffled kwemizwelo ngokomzwelo futhi yothando. isiko lakhe olusankondlo sifana kakhulu Pushkin. Vyazemsky azi- indlalifa kwekhulu XVIII, umlandeli zefilosofi French ezifana uVoltaire, ababe brilliant Age of Ukukhanyiselwa.

UPyotr Andreyevich Vyazemsky kwavela njengoba imbongi ngenxa uthando imfundo sizathu, uye ukhangwa liberalism, wayengumuntu khulula-sazi, ukulwela nenzuzo imisebenzi ezivamile uhulumeni. Nokho, umsebenzi wakhe, + kwaba ngoludala, futhi iningi ethambekele amafomu bendabuko zezinkondlo - ODE umyalezo inkululeko abathanda friendly, Elegy melancholic, izinganekwane, imizekeliso, epigrams, ukubhinqa futhi didactics.

A. A. Delvig

Enye yezimbongi kwesikhathi Pushkin sika-Anton Antonovich Delvig ukuthi, ngokungafani Vyazemsky, romanticism yakhe bembethe izinhlobo zakudala. Wasebenzisa lasendulo, Roman nomGreki, Ubukhulu asankondlo wakhetha ezinkondlweni uhlobo yakhe idyll. Ngokwesibonelo, umphumela Kwenzeka okufanayo e kwathula cool ngaphansi kwezihlahla kumthombo elikhazimulayo. Wakhe lyrical - iyonke hhayi kakhulu indlela ayezizwa izingqondo nezifiso zabo. Esinye sezipho ezinhle kakhulu izinkondlo lakhe kuthiwa - "Idyll". Lapha utshela indaba uthando olukhulu lwabantu amabili amajuba, ngubani agcinwayo komunye nomunye phakade. Ngo imidwebo yakhe lyrical wakwazi ukuba adlulisele isimo, ukujula ukuhlonipheka mizwa ithenda. Lona kanye uhlobo onkulunkulu, besho nokusho ukuthi nabo, ngisho nalapho izinhlamvu bafile, amabutho ephakeme kuqashelwe ilangabi yothando lwabo.

Uma ufunda imisebenzi Delvig kungase kubonakale ukuthi kuyinto classicist ngasekupheleni, novele isikhathi romantic (itshela isitayela yayo, ubungako kanye uhlobo, kuthathwe nje ngaleso classicists). Kodwa nibhekane ke kubo akudingekile. Delvig - ubuyakulangazelela yangempela romantic izikhathi okwase kuyisikhathi eside engasaziwa lasendulo, izwe akuxhomekile lobumbano classical nokuzwana.

He is badumazeke emphakathini wanamuhla, sekuyisikhathi eside lapho kube khona uthando lwangempela futhi ubungani, lapho umuntu enomuzwa dissonance nomphakathi, kanye ngokwabo futhi ngesaba esizayo. Delvig wethulwa uhlobo idyll engajwayelekile lokhu uhlobo usizi ukuphela inkathi yokuchuma.

Pushkin endabeni wavumelana Delwig, wayeqaphela ukuthi obunobunye futhi enhle, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bafe, kodwa kamuva ababuyela, kulokhu sase uhlobo oluhlukile ngokuphelele. Usizi nobuhlungu, usizi nokudabuka, kanye konke kuyinto enhle, - izivakashi zesikhashana kuleli zwe, futhi ngeshwa, akudingeki amandla kuze kube phakade.

zakho nomqhele omuhle ngakho nalokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi inkathi izimbongi kukhona isikhathi Pushkin sika. Delvig - omunye esingenantengo yomhlobiso wawo.

NM Izilimi

Sihluke kakhulu ngezwi izinkondlo Nikolaya Mihaylovicha Yazykova, owabhala cishe bokubanga romantic enkululeko womuntu. Wayekholelwa ke unrestrainedly kangaka abajabule futhi awanaki nakho ekuphileni. IziLimi - isikhathi imbongi Pushkin sika ababethanda ukuphila futhi kwaba njalo thokozani wildness yakhe kuzo zonke zako. Leyo sengqondo akuxhomekile yimuphi imibono yefilosofi noma kwezombusazwe, budedengu. Izilimi musa ahlaziye futhi uzame ukuqonda. isosha esihlatshelelwayo yakhe bagxile ubunjalo yomuntu njengomuntu ozijameleko khulula. Kwezinye ngendalo yakhe namanje ilele ezinye esigayegayeni nokudabuka, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu, izimo ezinjalo ezingajwayelekile ngokoqobo. Lokhu isimo sengqondo akuyona okwesabisayo, hhayi buthakathaka, futhi kulula sokunqoba.

Ulimi esankondlo umbhali waveza isimo esicacile kanye nomdlandla wokuthokoza futhi uthando olukhulu ekuphileni. Yingakho izinhlobo APC - emaculweni nangezindumiso. Izilimi kungaba yisiphi uhlobo, noma ngabe i Elegy noma ingoma, ingoma, noma umyalezo, ibe yihubo noma yokuvalelisa. Futhi nakanjani ukubuswa injabulo nentokozo.

Ukuze ufunde indlela ukubeka ngokucacile lokhu inkululeko njengento ejabulisayo romantic komphefumulo, ulimi waphendukela Pushkin, owasiza ukuletha isitayela sakhe olusankondlo ekupheleleni. izakhi neziLimi agelezé eshelelayo, izwi nezwi wanamathela nomunye, kahle isikhathi olusankondlo, wayengase ukuvuselela umsebenzi wakhe ngaphandle ekupheleni. Isibonelo - umyalezo "D. V. Davydov. "

EA Baratynsky

Uma ummangalelwa Yazikova ababephila ngesikhathi imicabango ubumpofu, kwenye imbongi, Baratynsky, abafundi abazange ukwanelisa ngokweqile yabo.

Ukuthola zokudala Evgeniya Abramovicha Baratynskogo, okokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngemva Pushkin yiyona imbongi okukhulu kakhulu esizukulwaneni sakhe, owafika izincwadi ngemva Zhukovsky futhi Batyushkov. Ngo izinkondlo zakhe ikakhulukazi wabusa elegies netinkondlo. Akalokothi wangena izinkondlo Russian njengenhlangano enhle kakhulu imbongi elegik.

ezahlukene kakhulu babe creative imibono isikhathi sabo imbongi Pushkin sika. Baratynsky ihluke kakhulu kwethi nabalingani bawo base-Peru futhi Batiushkov Zhukovsky, ohlale ezithenjwayo okungcono. Zhukovsky wayeqiniseka ngokuthi injabulo iyona sokulinda okuphakade abantu omunye umhlaba, futhi lokho lapho uzothola ukuthula, enokuthula uthando. Batyushkov ngemva "ifilosofi wakhe omncane 'lapho waveza ukuthi umuntu uzalelwa okuthulile ukuphila esekusithekeni nothando kanye iphahlazeka futhi ngokushesha waqala ukufuna isiphephelo enkolweni.

Kodwa Baratynsky Ngadumala kukho konke, akabakholelwanga e nokuvumelana ukuthula emhlabeni, kancane kakhulu esibhakabhakeni, futhi babengabaza ukuthi kungenzeka injabulo "lapha" futhi "kukhona." Ngokusho kwakhe, lo muntu ekuqaleni bifurcated futhi ephukile ke Asitholi ngokuvumelana umphefumulo wakhe noma njalo nezwe elingaphandle. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umthetho emhlabeni jikelele.

Baratynsky kakhulu speculates ukuthi umzimba womuntu uyafa futhi eboshiwe umhlaba, futhi akushiwo ukuthi umphefumulo uyaphila njalo idabukile esibhakabhakeni, futhi awufi. Kodwa ngokuvamile, umphefumulo akemi up zonke nakho yasemhlabeni futhi lufe phambi umzimba, futhi umzimba njengoba kuba elingenalo isizathu futhi izinzwa, ngakhoke lutho. Futhi ngacabanga ukuthi umuntu unikezwa ugqozi ngu ayephila kuso ngokujulile ngokugcwele, kodwa ukuphila ngokwako isibambo endaweni ewumngcingo kakhulu isikhathi ifreyimu ikusasa.

Zonke lezi ukuphikisana abakwazi zinyamalale noma ukhansele, futhi babuyisane, ngoba kungumthetho ukuphila. Baratynsky - abagxeki, wayengekho ngikhathazeke kakhulu mayelana avela ngesikhathi ukukhungatheka efanayo nje ukucabanga ngakho. Ngempilo yakhe, uthi njengoba akunakugwenywa ukuhlupheka kwabantu obuhambisana ke kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni.

Ngo umsebenzi Baratynsky ababephila ngesikhathi ebona imbongi abanamakhono Pushkin ngokuyinhloko esikoleni. Kodwa kamuva, umsebenzi bakhe abakuqondanga-mbisana nokugxekwa. Kodwa Symbolists isiRashiya, lapho kwathathwa njengosongo wamazwi ezinkulu ezizimele sefilosofi, wazama Ihlanganisa imigqa esankondlo kushiwo okuthile okujule futhi kunzima ukudlulisa.

Inani

isikhathi Pushkin sika izimbongi musa njalo asebenze ngaphansi kwesimo ngokuthula nokuzwana. ezingxoxweni zabo etemibhalo ngokuvamile yahamba kabi, iluma ongagunci ukuhlaselwa polemic ezingxoxweni ngokuvamile kakhulu ubuhlungu nokuziqhenya nabaphikisi.

Njengoba ubona, kwakukhona abanye nobunzima empilweni tetemibhalo, kodwa izinkondlo of the okuthiwa isikhathi Pushkin sika lakhula ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele isiko okusezingeni eliphezulu. Futhi-ke, nakanjani-ke umyalo wokuqala indawo A. S. Pushkinu, ngokujulile, ezingeni ubuhlakani ukuthi nokho ngehlelwe yilokhu Russia ezosetshenziswa ukudalwa izinkondlo kanye izinkondlo dovedshy amazwi engaqondakali ekupheleleni.

isikhathi Pushkin sika izimbongi esivulela inkathi yokuchuma izincwadi Russian, okuyinto wahlala isikhathi okungenakuqhathaniswa akhazimulayo indiza yokudala Muses yasekhaya. Futhi manje sesine-ithuba lokujabulela imisebenzi yabo omangalisayo.

isiphetho

Yiqiniso, hhayi kuphela Pushkin kahle ulimi zezinkondlo Russian yayinezinto eziningi, kodwa kwaba kwelanga, okuyinto ukuheha njengoba uhlelo amaplanethi nezinye elikhanyayo yethu okukhulu, kahle imakwe iplanethi olusankondlo, ngalinye elikwazi wayenekhono ukuheha ku orbit ngaphezulu iziphuphutheki ezincane.

Izimbongi Pushkin Times - a ngokubabazekayo isisekelo zonke izinkondlo Russian. Nge amakghonwabo ngempela zidinga ukuhlangabezana uphinde uhlole kungenzeka. Ngeshwa, le Pushkin Umthala isikhathi vzroschennaya yezimbongi empeleni eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi ayikho indlela ukukhuluma mayelana ngamunye. Bonke baba umhlobiso oyinhloko emhlabeni bohemian zezinkondlo.