"Raptor" F-22 (F-22 Raptor) - a sesihlanu multi-indima fighter

Ekuqaleni Septhemba 1997 wenza indiza DEBUT of ukulwa "Raptor" F-22. Naphezu zlopyhaniya ochwepheshe abaningi ezifuywayo angaphandle, kakhulu indiza izici izindiza, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule wakhuliswa ekugcineni lakhishwa ukukhiqizwa. Futhi akusiwona okuningi kangaka ezibizayo yayo zinkulu, kodwa izehlakalo okuvela phakathi nesikhathi ukusebenza kwawo.

Blow bentela

Indaba ukuthi kufihla "Raptor" F-22, kungahle kushicilelwe izincwadi adventure. Konke okwakuthandelene: i intransigence US Congress, iconsi Ngabathuthukisi baphoqeleka ukuba sihlanganise non-superimposable, futhi entshisekweni indiza yokuqala, futhi ukufa okuyimfihlakalo abashayeli bezindiza, nemikhawulo unomphela imithwalo tekusebenta ... Isamba, okuyinto esichithwa ukuthuthukiswa indiza kudlulwe bhiliyoni 70 amadola ngokusho kwemibiko esemthethweni.

Lapho esahamba, imisuka

iphrojekthi Technical ku ukudalwa indiza entsha F-22 Raptor American Abaklami kwabuyela ngo-1981, kodwa amakhasimende lapho sibhekene uhulumeni babe kahle (kodwa hhayi bonke), ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa, kakhulu, yephuza ambalwa eminyaka. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo Air Force nje leyo minyaka wathola olusha sha F-15, izici okufanele ngokwanele iminyaka embalwa. Yingakho Washington ngifuna ukuthola amasu ukuthi kungaba ngokupheleleyo aphakeme kokubili Soviet nabaseYurophu. Abezombusazwe dream mayelana izindiza ezahlukene kakhulu ukuthi ukusebenza njengoba othanda ukulwa kanye attack izindiza. Kwenzeka kanjani lokho? Uyokwahlulela.

Lokuhlela Kabusha abupheli

Ngu ukugxusha insimbi banikezwe umane engacabangeki at izidingo isikhathi. Ngakho, i-computer ugibelile kwadingeka ukuba namandla okungenani 10 Gflops nememori komunye igigabhaythi. Mangisho ukuthi onjiniyela baye bakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ezinjalo azisho lutho usebenzisa elula processor i486. Kodwa-ke amasosha elinde buhlungu: ngo-1996, kuphela ngonyaka ngaphambi indiza yokuqala, Nhlangano "Intel" kumemezela esigabeni ukuphuma onobuhle yisikhathi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, nePentagon ekuqaleni kulindeleke ukuthola okungenani 1,200 izindiza, ngalinye elikwazi edingekayo 80 (!) Uhlelo. Kuphi bathatha lokho? Lockheed Martin uye wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze "Cindezela" developers, kodwa "Intel" kwaba nut ezinzima ukwambula futhi engafuni ukukhiqiza imishini ephelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu ngamaqoqo amancane.

Ngakho-ke kwadingeka ukuba ngokushesha ubhale yonke software wokugaya entsha. Kuphela ukulungiswa, ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, ke kwadingeka achithe okungenani amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu. Ngokuvamile, "angenamkhawulo isikhathi imikhawulo" babe Day indaba ezibizayo. Futhi lokho kwakumane kuyisiqalo. Ngempela, fighter sesihlanu ...

Bala futhi ngikhale izinyembezi ezimbalwa

Military ngokwabo babenamaphupho vundervaffe, izindleko okwakuyoholela singadluli $ 40 million indiza ngayinye. Kodwa intengo iye yayiqhubeka ikhula, futhi ngenxa nePentagon kwadingeka ukunciphisa isisu sabo. Lapho 187 izindiza (futhi iphele ukukhiqizwa) yayakhiwe ngo-2011, kwaba sobala ukuthi izindleko umshini owodwa ngaphezulu kuka $ 150 million. Ngakho izindleko F-22 "Raptor" "singcono kakhulu" (nokunye) ngisho amazinga F-117 (owaziwa nangokuthi "Isichwe izinyonga"), owawuvela kubhekwe ukuze uqophe phezu inkomba. Nokho, lo mshini usenayo izici omuhle kakhulu kunalezo imodeli 117, okuyinto abashayeli bezindiza American ngokwabo ngenhlonipho bokuzisholo "Flying Iron".

Isethi eziphikisanayo

Luyingxenye ngombandela, njengoba "Raptor" F-22 uye azikakwazi e ubhekene nempi yangempela, indiza muhle kakhulu esibhakabhakeni. Kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ukubonakala radar akunjalo sihluke kakhulu imishini "okuvamile". Ukuhlasela ne umbono we indiza - nje umbhedo, ngoba lokhu engakuthenga okungenani nedlanzana kuhlasela ezivamile izindiza, ukugcinwa izindleko okuyinto kaningi kancane (!).

Futhi konke lokhu akuwona umphumela yokuntula efaneleyo abaklami. BaseMelika benzé izindiza ezinhle, nakho kulo mkhakha njalo, baba ungawususi. ngesikhathi onjiniyela kwadingeka ukuba enze ngendiza yokuqala ukuphuma emotweni iqoqo ukudela okuthile. Futhi lokhu, njengoba uqonde yimuphi kubantu ngokomthetho savvy, ungalokothi okuhle asipheli.

indlela ukuyekethisa

Ngakho, kwadingeka ukuba njalo ukuya ukusebenza eziya ziba zimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, "Raptor" F-22 ayinakho ukumiswa lwangaphandle missile ibhomu izikhali lokushaya esehlisa inani layo zero. Kwahamba ngoba kuncike ukutholakala indiza ukumiswa baba kahle engabonakali radar. Kanjani ebonakalayo umshini izinhlelo yesimanje radar ukuthola, akwaziwa ngokuthi "elwa" sebenzisa "Raptor" kuze kube manje lilinganiselwe kwikhompyutha sekulingisa.

Futhi ngenxa yokuthi bonke "ukugcwaliswa" Itholakala linezingxenye kwangaphakathi. Bobane. Laba bobabili - missile ngayinye, nalezi ezinye ezimbili - amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana nemfuneko yekhasimende, kufanele uqale ku lokushaya samuntu fighter. Ngenxa yalokho, kwadingeka ukudala kudivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi ezingase "push out" nangomcibisholo ngesivinini leSupersonic. Futhi lokhu kwenziwa kanye ngezigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala enamandla actuator womoya ngokoqobo sidilize isikhali kusukela sangaphandle onomfutho emoyeni ungqimba, bese ewalahla le hydraulics projectile ku trajectory yayo.

Izinduna US Air Force wayefuna impendulo isikhathi ohlakaniphe lamasu akufanele budlule imizuzwana 0.2. Yilokho nje, naphezu kwemizamo Herculean onjiniyela nososayensi, ngokomthetho lesi silinganiso imizuzwana 0.9. Futhi alikho Mechanics kancane: uma rocket ibenze ijubane afterburner ngokushesha kuyinto ukubhujiswa kwalo. Ngakho ukuthi ukusabela indiza, ngakho ukukhuluma, aphuze.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-run isimanga esinjalo, hhayi yonke imicibisholo hhayi kuzo zonke izindlela indiza: kuhlasela phansi icushiwe ezingaphezu kuka elingeyona inkimbinkimbi. Ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane, evulekile ibhomu bay, rocket ibekwe phezu komzila, futhi nabo kuqale ukwethulwa projectile uma kunesidingo.

Ukuqokwa izinto eziza kuqala

Ekugcineni wonke ukuba wehle, ukuze indiza F-22 "Raptor" ku umdwebo amabhodi musa ukumuka, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi into ethile uye lihlatshwe. Ososayensi base wajuba ukukhulisa indiza ukusebenza ukulwa. Khona-ke onjiniyela wanquma ukusebenzisa izinjini nge variable wagxila vectoring, futhi kakhulu ngcono wabuka we airframe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungasizathu sini, abantu baseMelika uthanda ukuhlala kuphela mpo saliphosa ushintsho (Su-35 wethu, isibonelo, ungakwazi ukushintsha it in the isiqondiso ovundlile).

Invisible ku radar izikrini ukubeka endaweni yesibili. Ngokungafani "Lame Goblin ', okungukuthi, F-117, yasetshenziswa ukuze singathwesi ukulimaza ukuma zakudala airframe, hhayi ukuze ujike indiza e okusansimbi ngokuya yezinto ezihamba emoyeni iyiqiniso. Ukuhlehlela emuva esihlokweni, isibonelo, ukuthi ngo-1990, lapho ukukhiqizwa "Ebusuku Hawk" waba ngokuxhamazela eligoqiwe, yonke imali kulesi simiso uzalwe kuya "Raptor". I umbono uwukuthi indawo ukushabalalisa e F-22 Raptor kuyinto 0.3 m². I "Goblin", lesi sibalo zazisuka 0.01 ukuze 0,0025 m². Kodwa "Raptor" nokho isinqumo ukukwenza ngendiza, esikhundleni sesimbi oluyingozi. Uma sikubeka kalula, inkampani Lockheed Martin, kulokhu yanquma ukuba avivinye ukubekezela iCongress.

Nokho, evamile ukuhweba phakathi ukunemba futhi ukuqhuma kwamabhomu esilayidi namanje akusebenzanga. Ngisho ukuthola isisombululo eziningi imali esetshenzisiwe. Ngakho, ngenxa "Raptor" ngesikhathi sidale amabhomu "smart" safakwa target nge-GPS. Iqiniso lokuthi iminyango ibhomu ezincane F-22 nje angahambisani ibhomu okuqondiswe evamile esebenzayo. Uma usebenzisa "lilihle" izinhlamvu into eziyela yokushayiswa ugongolo laser, wonke izindiza esilayidi is flying phansi abakhwabanisi. Ngakho usizo satellite kwakucishe okuwukuphela kwekhambi eliphelele kungenzeka le nkinga.

Ngokuvamile, leli bhomu laqothula waphenduka umxhwele: zingase zishaye at amabanga kuze kube amakhilomitha angu-30 ukusuka iphuzu ocucuzayo, ukuphambuka, ukhatshana lelitshe lingaphansi kuka amamitha 11. Empeleni, kuba rocket, isandla kuboshelwe izixhumanisi ezithile surface eMhlabeni. Ngakho uma umgomo ukuwuqondisa, hit sesihlanu wakhe wokulwa uzokwazi uma akunakwenzeka. Yikuphi futhi aqede lokushaya yamakhono akhe. Kodwa lokhu akulona ezimbi zodwa. Ukuze hit the 'smart' ibhomu target umile, "Raptor" has ukundiza nje ngaphansi ekhaleni amabutho emoyeni ukuzivikela wesitha. Ngakho ukuthi lo mthwalo owengeziwe kule iminyango Ibhomu babekwa icala ngaphezulu nezikhali ezicitshwayo eziklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukuphikisana ukuzivikela anti-aircraft.

ukushaya ubuthakathaka

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi enemisebenzi F-22 "Raptor", izimfanelo okuyinto, siyaqonda, ayinakho hardware ekhethekile ukuthola umkhondo phansi amatshe, okuyinto futhi kunciphisa amathuba ayo lokushaya esiphansi. Ngokuvamile, futhi akufanele sisole abaklami: imishini ekuqaleni efanayo esikhathini izindiza kwaba, kodwa wakhishwa ukwakhiwa isicelo nePentagon, lapho izindleko zohlelo kakhulu off esikalini. Ukuze udumo we onjiniyela of "Lockheed Martin," Kumelwe ngivume ukuthi okungenani amathuluzi eziyisisekelo ngokunemba ngamabhomu, zakwazi ukuqhubeka. Ngakho, indiza, khona konke okukhethwa kukho ezidingekayo, okuyinto akuvumele ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle nokulahlekelwa nokho kudingeke ukuba uxhume ugibelile imishini, uma kuyokunikeza abaphathi okuhle kukhona.

Nokho, kuze kube manje eyinhloko icala lokubhidliza Okuqondiwe phansi nje okufanayo oshiwo ngenhla GPS amabhomu, lapho kahle kuphezulu, kodwa kuphela uma ekusebenteni ngetintfo umile. Ngokuvamile, lokhu isizathu esenza "Raptors" ezingxabanweni US ezempi e Afghanistan uyefana. Ngubani ukubamba i-GPS? Ngakho ke lesi isizathu ukuthi abantu baseMelika behlome ngemibese namanje ume F-16 ubudala, esikhundleni ezanele ongenakho.

Ngokuvamile, uma sicabangela impi yase-Iraq, lapho-United States bahlangana abaphikisi ucishe sina ababenolwazi zezindiza, unxusa esiphethweni esisodwa kuphela: ukusetshenziswa F-22 empini nge amazwe Third World - umbhedo liphumelele. Bukela indiza indiza cishe abangaphezu kuka ambalwa F-15 ubudala, okuyinto ngempumelelo imisebenzi efanayo.

umshayeli uhlelo yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe

Kungase kubonakale sengathi US Air Force wathola imoto, okuyinto iqoqo absurdities lobuchwepheshe. Ngomqondo onabile, isisekelo salokhu umbono, kodwa empeleni, le ndlela ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe eziningi eziphambili. Yilokho nje benjalo ngakho "eluhlaza", ukuthi zonke izinzuzo azinikwa - lutho lapho sibhekene nezinkinga ababekwenze wadala. Izinto ezintsha ziyinkimbinkimbi, eqolo futhi ezingezwakali e kungasebenzi. Omunye Isibonelo esingokoqobo kakhulu ekhethekile suit umshayeli esisekela ukuphila. Eqinisweni, le "Isudi" e ziyinkimbinkimbi oludlula spacesuit.

Uhlelo fancy ukuze likwazi ukuqhuba usebenzisa kude kukhompyutha sibuthaka kakhulu. Uma uchitheka, kukhona ithuba lokuthi usuke manual isilawuli inhlukano (manje inkinobho kuyinto ngokuzenzakalelayo). Kodwa kakade ekuhlolweni kokuqala empini amayunithi pilot kumqashi wayethola inqwaba imibiko esuka pilot nezicelo kabusha kubo c Lockheed Boeing F-22 Raptor kokuthile ezifanelekayo. Iqiniso lokuthi itheku futhi esidayisa we aqondisa nge overload enamandla zonke abashayeli bezindiza wazibonela anoxia acute, on the esengozini ekuqulekeni. Khona-ke izikhulu zikahulumeni sebutho asizange ulihlanganisa izikhalazo ukubaluleka. Yilokho kuphela ngo-2010, kanye umshayeli 'wawubuthakathaka "futhi umane uwa ngo-the bheke of" Raptor "we goba. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto iphahlazeka, indoda wabulawa.

It kamuva kwavela ukuthi wopha uhlelo kokukhwehlela emoyeni ku izembatho oluhlolwa umshayeli wendiza kabi athuthukile. Okuningi ngokunembile, "Khimich" umphini: ngoba isikhathi yayo emoyeni hhayi sophe ngokufanele umsebenzi singenele, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi abantu nje isibambo ingcindezi ngokweqile. Futhi sindisa sasinamandla kangangokuthi ngisho onomfutho wamaphaphu alveoli. Ngenxa yalokho, izimoto ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi phakathi kwababusi, kwadingeka ukuba ngokushesha kabusha Sihlomise. Ngaphezu konyaka "Raptor" unqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukukhuphuka amamitha angaphezu kuka-nanhlanu namakhulu (nge ophahleni kwezigidi ezingu-20).

izifundo ozitholayo

Kukholakala ukuthi kuze kube yimanje, imoto ibonakala kuzokwenziwa isimo sokugcina. Kodwa umbuzo usalokhu evulekile - lokho wayezochitha imali engaka on ukuthuthukisa le izindiza. Ngombandela kungenzeka fighter ephelele sithathelwe indawo izindiza isizukulwane 4 ++, futhi ukuhlasela nePentagon kanye namathuba ungazami ukukhumbula waphinda.

Nokho, akufanele sizikhohlise: esifundweni ezingemnandi baseMelika ababekufunda kwakuyiqiniso yini embi. Lapho F-35 design, maneuverability wanquma ukudela esivuna esilayidi. Ikhasimende yabe isinquma ukuthi onjalo ukusebenza izici enhle akuzona esisemqoka kangaka for ukusebenza high isignali RF ukuhlakazwa. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi amaMelika wafika namanye hala, kodwa umbuzo manje akusho ukuthi ... Ekuphetheni, Ngithanda ukusho ukuthi manje ngokugcwele ihlolwe PAK-FA yethu. Cishe, abaklami bethu bakwazi acabangele isenzakalo esingajabulisi lozakwabo bakwamanye kwezilwandle futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuphinda amaphutha abo.

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke amaphutha ayo, fighter F-22 "Raptor" - mhlawumbe indiza Western kuphela, akwazi ukwenza edumile 'Cobra Pugachev ". Futhi lokhu kuwuphawu olubi kakhulu, okubonisa maneuverability eliphezulu umshini, okuyinto nakanjani akwazi ukuncintisana ngemibandela alinganayo zethu Su-37 futhi kamuva tinkhulumo.

Ukucaciswa Eziyisisekelo

• Ubude airframe obuphelele - 18.9 m.
• Okugcwele esiphezulu iKhabhinethi ukuphakama - 5,09 m.
• Inani namaphiko - 13,56 m.
• Gross surface area iphiko - 78,04 m.
• Isisindo zithululwe izindiza - 19 kuya 700 kg.
• Linganisa ukusuka isisindo - 38000 kg.
• Area ukuhlakazwa - 0.3-0.4 sq. m.
• Push Rod izinjini - 2 x 15.876 kgf.
• I isivinini ofinyelelekayo - 2700 km / h.
• Ijubane e mode evamile, ngaphandle afterburner - 2410 km / h.
• I isivinini kuvunyelwe olwandle ezingeni - 1490 km / h.
• Irediyasi ukusetshenziswa ukulwa - 760 km.
• Umkhawulo engamamitha okumele izuzwe - 20,000 amamitha.
• Ngokweqile ngesikhathi ukusheshisa - 9 g.
• I kwezikhali eyinhloko F-22 "Raptor" - 20-mm isibhamu othomathikhi, imicibisholo eziyisishiyagalombili "umoya-to-air" noma amabhomu ayisithupha "smart", noma inhlanganisela yakho.

Nokuthuma senzeka ngo-2005. Ubude ukukhiqizwa 187 izindiza. Lost fighters ezinhlanu.

Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukugcizelela waphinda ukuthi "Raptor" - isibonelo esiphelele-PR engakhi kakhulu asakazwa US wezempi efanayo. Yebo, izindiza eziningi izinkinga yepulani kwezomnotho, okuyiwona ukunakwa nePentagon ngokuvamile abakwazi ukukhokhela. Kodwa kusukela iphuzu lobuchwepheshe umbono, imoto kwaba ehloniphekile. Okuwukuphela ethile real - ukuntuleka kakhulu multi-tasking.

Ground Okuqondiwe fighter F-22 "Raptor" umsebenzi cishe bengayi, ukuphumelela amabhomu amathathu noma amane ezibonakala zingasho lutho. Kodwa indiza muhle ngokuqinisekile, ngisho noma umkhuba lokhu alikaqinisekiswa ngokuya ekubhekaneni fighters isitha.

By the way, yethu T-50 Ubuye kuphela avaliwe izikhali yangaphakathi bay, kanye nokwaziswa mayelana nokuba khona i umzimba ikhithi sangaphandle ... Ngakho-US isizukulwane lesihlanu fighter kusobala efana nomunye. Kwethenjwa ukuthi isivivinyo kulwa amakhono abo ngeke kwenziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nazo zonke imikhawulo "Raptor" akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi isabelo yesimanje emoyeni ukulwa sengonyama of impumelelo - ukusetshenziswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo yesimanje. Futhi nabo, amaMelika kulungile.

Okokugcina, izinhlelo omkhulu plus F-22 futhi F-35 (i-US, vele) - Movement isayensi egijima ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokuphelele. Domestic Su-47 "Berkut" wadala nibaleke nemigomo efanayo.