Amasu Leary - incazelo nencazelo

Okusebenzisana amasu zokuxilonga yasungulwa ngo-1954 ngu sokusebenza kwengqondo American Timoti Liri (1920-1996), co-kwentiwe nge G. futhi R. Leforzhem Sazekom, kwathi ngo-1957 eshicilelwe wokulandisa yakhe okusebenzisana Ukuxilongwa Personality. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lokhu ukuhlolwa namanje ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa US amasevisi imfihlo. Kabanzi ethandwa phakathi abezenhlalakahle, ngenxa compactness yayo kanye ulwazi, futhi isebenzisa inqubo Leary.

Incazelo nenjongo amasu

Ukuhlolwa uhlola ukumelwa lomuntu ngaye. Kulokhu, lingasetshenziswa ukuhlola izethulo njengendlela "Mina" wangempela, futhi enhle. Ingase futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ezinye, uma ufuna ukuthola umbono lomuntu oyedwa olungelo emehlweni omunye. Inqubo zokuxilonga lwabelwe uhlobo evelele ubuhlobo yomuntu kwabanye. Lawa izici ezimbili ezibalulekile ukuthi ukunquma ubudlelwane obufanele:

1) ukubusa - kuhambisa;

2) nobungane - nolaka.

Lezi zici zihlonzwe njengoba M. Argyle izici eyinhloko yokuziphatha ekuchumana. Futhi ihlobana amabili ama-eksisi umehluko semantic Ch Osgood, sasitadisha eziguquguqukayo ngokwengqondo isikali okuguquguqukayo (isib ashisayo-abandayo, eqinile Ubuthakathaka et al.) With izinombolo ezihleliwe yezigaba ngamunye kubo.

ukumelwa wokuhlelwa kwendikimba izici

Ukuze uthole ukumelwa olotshiwe wesakhiwo orientation ayisisekelo okusebenzelana nabanye abantu yezindlela ngazinye ukuhlola of ubudlelwane obufanele Leary kufaka Umdwebo olotshiwe: umbuthano ihlukaniswe 8 imikhakha - octants. Amagama kukhona eksisi amabili (elihambisana izici of ubudlelwane obufanele ezichazwe ngenhla): "ukubusa - kwakuwukuthi" futhi "nobungane - ubutha". Kulokhu, Leary wasikisela ukuthi ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi kwalaba eziguquguqukayo, ukuya ngokuqina eduze imiphumela ummangalelwa maqondana maphakathi mbuthano. I score inani ngamunye orientation, ebheka indlela ukuxilongwa ubudlelwane obufanele Leary, uhumusha inkomba, ngokulandelana eksisi evelele. Ibanga etholwe phakathi izinkomba kanye maphakathi umbuthano ichaza nezimo yokuziphatha ekuchumana.

Izimfanelo qualitative yemikhakha ekhethiwe (octants), ebheka indlela ekuchumana T. Leary, kungenziwa elabekwa kanje:

I. Umholi okahle, umuntu ozoyisiza umeluleki.

II. uhlobo oluthile ezimele nembangi.

III. Abaqotho, oqondile, ziphikelele izimpumelelo zabo.

IV. Sceptical, nonconformist, namaqiniso ezahlulelweni zabo.

V. inesizotha futhi enamahloni, ngokuzithandela befeza umthwalo womunye umuntu.

VI. Edinga ukunakekelwa kimi futhi bangethembe abanye.

VII. Friendly, ukulwela nokubambisana.

VIII. Nesirhawu akwazi ukusiza abanye.

Inqubo nokucutshungulwa Imiphumela

Leary Indlela 128 kuhlanganisa ukubaluleka izahlulelo, ngamunye 8 izinhlobo ngobuhlobo akhiwa 16 amaphuzu. Lezi zinto ahlelwe ngokulandelana inyuka umfutho. Lapho le ndlela lihleleke ukuze izici zihlose ukuthola izinhlobo ezithize ubudlelwano ahlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile: hhayi elandelanayo, futhi amaqembu amane ekwahluleleni ngamunye, ukuphinda ngokusebenzisa nenani elilinganako izahlulelo.

amasu Leary, okuhloswe ngaso ubudlelwane obufanele, kungase kuhambisane ezimbili izinhlobo imiyalelo. Esikhathini sokuqala, abaphendulayo ucelwa ukuba ufunde ngokucophelela kanye nokulinganisa izahlulelo agcwele izici ezingokwengqondo lomuntu kanye nobuhlobo nabanye abantu. Uma, umbono ophendulile, lesi sahlulelo uhambisane umqondo yayo uqobo, kufanele kuphawulwe uphawu "+" yalo, uma kungaqali - isibonakaliso "-".

Encwadini yesibili okufana isiqondiso Leary amasu kuhilela ekuhloleni hhayi kuphela real "Mina", kodwa futhi enhle. Isibonelo: "Ukuhlola real yakho" Mina ", sicela ufunde ngazo zonke izinqumo futhi ukumaka" + "yibo ukufanisa umbono wakho ukuthi ungathanda ukubona wena omuhle kakhulu." Kulokhu, ungakwazi ke kutholakale izinga phakathi kwe langempela ekahle labhalwa ngesikhathi kunemibono ngabanye bezigabisa. Ukuhlola ngobuhlobo nabanye ingaphinda ziboniswe imiyalelo, alinikela indlela Leary. Isibonelo: "Njengoba esimweni sokuqala, i-akhawunti, sicela ubuntu osebenza nabo (umphathi, oshade naye, ingane, njll ...)." Ngakho kungenzeka ukuxilonga umbono uhlelo okungafanele komuntu oyedwa ngomunye.

Leary ukucutshungulwa nqubo ihilela izigaba eziningana. Ekuqaleni, ukubala inani lamaphuzu ngayinye akhethiwe 8 izinhlobo ubudlelwane obufanele (kobushiqela, ubugovu, abe nolaka osolisayo, abangaphansi, ukuncika, friendly, yokuzinikela).

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukucacisa uhlobo zaba namandla kakhulu. I score esiphezulu for uhlobo ngalunye ezingeni, okuhilela Leary amasu ku ubudlelwane obufanele, kungase kube amaphuzu 16, okuyinto yena, ihlukaniswe 4 ubuhlobo kobukhulu:

• kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya 4: kobukhulu ongaphakeme (ukuziphatha eguquguqukayo) ;
• kusukela amaphuzu 5 kuya ku-8: kobukhulu ngokulinganisela (futhi ukuziphatha eguquguqukayo);
• kusukela amaphuzu 9 kuya ku-12: kobukhulu High (ukuziphatha kakhulu);
• amaphuzu 13 kuya 16: isisho okwedlulele we degree (kuze kwedlulele zokugula ukuziphatha).

Esesithathu ukucutshungulwa isinyathelo, okubandakanya indlela uphethwe ekuchumana T. Leary, limelela ukuzimisela ipharamitha zithwala ezimbili eziyinhloko: amandla okubusa - nobungane. Izibalo zenziwa usebenzisa amafomula ezilandelayo:

Okubusa = (IV) + 0.7 x (VIII + II - IV - VI).

Ubungane = (VII - III) +0,7 x (VIII - II - IV + VI).

Ekugcineni, njengoba esigabeni sokugcina indlela kuhilela Leary ukuhlaziywa qualitative eyenziwa ngokuqhathanisa discogram esakhiwe ngesisekelo the etholwe ngamunye idatha ummangalelwa nomunye. Kungenzeka futhi ukwakha iphrofayli kusho ubudlelwane obufanele e eqenjini elithile. I elikhulu ukusetshenziswa lemibuzo ohlelweni izikole zamabanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingase zibe Indlela ucwaningo longitudinal (isibonelo, ngaphakathi kohlaka isigaba), kungenzeka ukuthi iyiphi futhi inikeza izindlela ekuxilongweni ekuchumana T. Leary.

Ukuhunyushwa izinkomba main lobuhlobo Kwenziwa 8 izinhlobo:

I. Uhlobo kobushiqela kobuhlobo

13 kuya ku-16 amaphuzu. Thayipha ubuntu namandla, libhekene azikhukhumeze, uhlamvu wobushiqela. Ethanda ukuhola zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi iqembu. Ethembele kuphela imibono yabo siqu, akathandi ukulalela iseluleko kwabanye, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho njalo linxusa wonke. Ezungezile, esikhundleni salokho, ukhetha bona authoritativeness ngumuntu ngamunye unikezwa.

Kusukela amaphuzu 9 kuya ku-12. Kuyinto sici for ubuntu lisebenza evelele, mayihlonishwe. Kuyinto ngempumelelo kwezamabhizinisi, inegunya, uthanda ukunikeza iseluleko kwabanye.

Kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-8. Futhi izici umuntu ezethemba, okuyiwona libhekene ukuphikelela nokubekezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo muntu akudingeki abe umholi.

II. uhlobo kobugovu Ubuhlobo

13 kuya ku-16 amaphuzu. Independent, uyaziqhenya futhi narcissistic ubuntu hlobo. Kubalwa, yena uthanda nokususa nobunzima kwabanye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba sifuna ukunqoba abanye, ngakolunye - igcinwe kude nabo kancane. Futhi ukuzidla ezahlukene kanye nokuzidla.

Kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya 12. Kukhona izici zobugovu futhi ugxile yena. Sivame ukuncintisana.

III. uhlobo Aggressive kobuhlobo

13 kuya ku-16 amaphuzu. Ukuziphatha ngayo abanye ezinzima futhi ngaba nolaka. Inzondo ezicishe zibe ngokungafanele.

Kusukela amaphuzu 9 kuya ku-12. Libhekene ukhululeka usho okudingayo, neqondile nekhathazayo ngenhlonipho abanye. Ngekutsi, engaphathekile - ngivame ukusola abanye emhlabeni; kuyindida futhi abukhali.

Kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-8. uhlobo ngamandla ophikelelayo, ebonakala ukuphikelela nenkani.

IV. uhlobo okusolisayo Ubuhlobo

13 kuya ku-16 amaphuzu. Thayipha umuntu osolisayo futhi babe nenzondo, ukungabaza konke. Ojezisanayo, ngokuvamile ekhononda yabanye. Ifuna Nqamula uqobo nezwe, bakubheka njengobuthakathaka ezinenzondo uthukuthele. Kungenzeka lo schizoid uhlobo uhlamvu (Leary inqubo kulesi simo kungenziwa kulekelelwa test MMPI).

Kusukela amaphuzu 9 kuya ku-12. Kuvaliwe uhlobo ube nemfihlo. Ngenxa izinsolo engapheli yabezindaba nokwesaba okubi ukuba aphathwe kungase ninezinkinga ubudlelwane obufanele. Sceptical, wamdumaza kanjani abanye; isimo sengqondo esingaqondile maqondana abanye bakwazi kubonakaliswe lokulwa ngamazwi.

Kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-8. Ibonisa indlela criticality maqondana abanye, futhi maqondana zonke izenzakalo of ngokoqobo nomphakathi.

V. ukulalela uhlobo ubuhlobo

13 kuya ku-16 amaphuzu. Bayichezukisa sokudedela abanye; libhekene ukwesula, passivity nangentando ababuthakathaka. Kungaphindze kube netikhatsi self-ukuthotshiswa nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano ukwahlulela, asitshela ukuthi yena icala. Yena uzibeka esikhundleni zokugcina. Ukufuna ukwesekwa ihlaselwa onamandla kunaye.

Kusukela amaphuzu 9 kuya ku-12. Lolu hlobo ubuntu kuyinto ubumnene ezahlukene futhi amahloni; eze kalula ukudideka. Kwangathi ngaphansi ubuntu namandla, hhayi kucatshangelwa isimo ezithile izimo.

Kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-8. Isici ubuntu okushiwoyo, namahloni futhi sibe nesizotha. Anginambono siqu ezahlukene, kuba uyalalela lula ngekutimisela bafeza izabelo zabo. Imizwelo ukhetha izibambe.

VI. uhlobo oncikile kobuhlobo

13 kuya ku-16 amaphuzu. engaphansi kakhulu ku yabanye abantu. Ukwencika lolu hlobo ngenxa yokuntuleka yayo okungazelelwe yokuqiniseka ngokwabo futhi amakhono abo siqu. Ukubona ukukhathazeka nokwesaba esilawulayo kwanoma ubani, ngisho noma kuyinto encane.

Kusukela amaphuzu 9 kuya ku-12. Libhekene singenamandla, kanye nokungakwazi ukufakazela ukumelana kwabanye, bekholelwa kwamambala bona zihlale kwesokudla. Ukulalela futhi bayesaba.

Kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-8. Bayabethemba futhi conformal hlobo. Esiphakanyisiwe ukwethemba abanye bayihloniphe. Kuyinto soft futhi umusa.

VII. uhlobo Friendly kobuhlobo

Kusukela amaphuzu 9 16. Lolu hlobo lwe-orientation ezahlukene ukwamukelwa yezenhlalakahle nokuvunyelwa, uzama ukuba zonke ezinhle, hhayi kucatshangelwa isimo esithile. Ukubhekelela abanye nobungane futhi sibe nomusa. Phakathi izindlela ukuzivikela yibona ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu futhi baqedwe. Libhekene lability ngokomzwelo. Hysteroid uhlobo okungenzeka uhlamvu (kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isivivinyo ezengeziwe MMPI).

Kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-8. Nezimo ekusingatheni izimo eziyinkinga. Ingxabano izimisele ukubambisana nabafowethu futhi ngithandaze esikoleni. Ngekuva enezimpawu sokuhambisana, njengoba ivame ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni nabanye. Kungaphansi mihlangano, nemithetho zizwakale kahle. Initiative, uzimisele ukusiza abanye. Futhi isifiso ezahlukene ukuba isikhungo ukunakwa, ukuthola ukuqashelwa nothando kwabanye. Nobudlelwano futhi enobungane.

VIII. uhlobo yokuzinikela kobuhlobo

Kusukela amaphuzu 9 16. Libhekene giperotvetstvennostyu ezinzima futhi umthwalo kwabanye - ngokuvamile okungasekelwe ndawo. Ready ukusiza abanye alimaze nezinzuzo zazo siqu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo awuphathisiwe kungenzeka umsebenzi ngokweqile ngisho kukhathazeka. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuziphatha kungase futhi kube uhlobo imaskhi. Kulokhu sibhekene nohlobo ebuhlotsheni obuphambene nalobo.

Kusukela amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-8. Ukuze lolu hlobo isici wedwa nesihawu. Yena unesibopho maqondana nezinye abantu, ukubabonisa uzwela nesihawu. Soft, obucayi ngokucophelela.

ukuhumusha imiphumela

Izindlela ukuxilongwa ekuchumana T. Leary kusikisela impela ububanzi ulwazi olubanzi oluhlukahlukene lapho kutadishwa ummangalelwa ngabanye. Uma ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ifomu iqembu, umcwaningi, njengoba sekushiwo, unekhono uqhathanise imiphumela abantu ehlukile amaphrofayli yeqembu kanye nomunye. Uma kuhunyushwa imiphumela kubalulekile ukugxila hhayi amagugu ngokuphelele futhi ukusebenza obusa ohlobo omunye phezu komunye. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ucabangele uma kukhona isimo sengqondo esingaqondile abazali maqondana ingane yabo isici (amasu "PARIS" Leary).

Uma bahlolwa "Mina" the real, futhi esithi "nga-" we umqondo, kuyinsakavukela akufanele umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uma kukhona ngokulinganisela ezingeni umehluko, sisikisela ukuthi kungenzeka self-ngcono, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, ibonisa indlela Leary. Ukuhunyushwa imiphumela lemibuzo lwembula ukuthi iningi Ukunganeliseki kuyinto ejwayelekile kubantu abane ukuzenyeza ezingeni (okuhambelana 5th, 6th futhi octants 7th), noma abantu esimweni ukungqubuzana eside (elihambisana octant lesi-4).

Uma ummangalelwa siyenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo nokudlanga 1st futhi octants 5th, kubonisa khona izinkinga zakhe authoritarianism ecindezela ukuzethemba; 2 nd futhi 6 th - kukhona ukuphikisana phakathi isifiso sokuthola inkululeko yokuzibusa futhi zidinga ukuhambisana nayo (ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngenxa umuntu isidingo kumele zihloniphe, naphezu umbhikisho layo langaphakathi). Le mpi ephakathi kwala 3rd futhi octants 7th bengaboni ngaso linye lapho Motifs ukugomela futhi sokusebenzisana; 4th futhi 8 - ebonakaliswa nokucindezela ubutha ngabanye maqondana abanye nokuqashelwa kwabo njengenhlangano esemthethweni (isifiso sokuqashelwa group futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umuzwa ubutha maqondana ke).