Ukukhiqizwa hydrogen

Omunye izinzuzo abalulekile hydrogen amandla kuba phambi sebuningini izindlela zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika ezithile of izinto zokusetshenziswa. ukukhiqizwa hydrogen kungaba kwenziwe:

1. indlela umusi ukuguqula methane kanye negesi yemvelo;
2. usebenzisa amalahle gasification;
3. ngu-electrolysis yamanzi;
4. pyrolysis indlela;
5. ngu namachibi esinqunyiwe;
6. izindlela biotechnological.

Kuze kube manje, eshibhe futhi kufinyeleleke kakhulu indlela - ukuguqulwa umusi. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuyokwenzeka lapho besanda kuqala ye Isingeniso umnotho hydrogen. Nokho, esikhathini esizayo usadinga ukwedlulisela ophinde uvuseleleke, ngoba ukuncipha eziphawulekayo kogesi wendlwana evikela izithombo mhlawumbe isizathu esiyinhloko kwathatha hydrogen amandla. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa njengoba amandla elanga noma amandla omoya, okuvumela amanzi electrolysis.

Ukuze ukugxilisa ingqondo kulokho okwenzayo ukukhiqizwa hydrogen amabhizinisi ezinkulu kudinga ukuthuthukiswa Izindleko nokwehlisa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudinga izindleko ezengeziwe for hydrogen zokuya iziteshi ekhethekile. Kungenjalo Okubukwe ukukhiqizwa hydrogen ngezinga elincane ngqo hydrogen-AU.

Manje-hydrogen ikhiqizwa emithonjeni eminingi of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Okulandelayo, sicabangela ethandwa kakhulu babo.

hydrocarbon

Namuhla, cishe ingxenye isizukulwane hydrogen Kwenziwa umusi ukuguqula Igesi yemvelo by indlela (i-methane). Le nqubo ukuxuba i-methane ne umhwamuko ezingeni lokushisa 700 - 1000 ° C ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu phambi ekwandeni.

amalahle gasification

Gasification kwamalahle iyona ndlela endala zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen. Le nqubo kanje: carbon heats lokushisa 800 -1300 ° C ngo-ukungabi oxygen. FutureGen iphrojekthi uye wazakhela entsha amandla kuyi-hydrogen isitshalo, esekelwe ukukhiqizwa main izakhi ngale ndlela. Lisikisela maduze yakhiwe e-United States.

biomass

Biomass, i-hydrogen kuveza izindlela ezimbili: kwamakhemikhali kanye thermochemical. Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali hydrogen ezivezwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene, isibonelo, Rodobacter speriodes. indlela Thermochemical kuhilela amalahle biomass lokushisa 500 - 800 ° C (imfucuza ukhuni) ku engekho emoyeni. Waba yini umphumela walesi Ukukhetha H2, CO futhi CH4.

kudoti

intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe Kuhilela ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza e-hydrogen, okuyinto ukukhiqizwa hydrogen kusuka udoti. Le ndlela isivele ngenkuthalo lwenteke ongazijwayele.

I chemical ukuphendula amanzi ezisansimbi

US eYunivesithi yasePurdue yasungulwa indlela zokukhiqiza hydrogen kusukela amanzi ngokusebenzisa aluminium ingxubevange. Luhilela kumiswa zithutha kusukela ingxubevange gallium-aluminium, abese afakwe esitsheni yamanzi. ukuphendula Chemical kwenzeka ngenxa kuyo i-hydrogen ikhiqizwa.

Amanzi-electrolysis wenziwa hydrogen ugesi, ukuguqulela ugesi ku ukushisa kusukela ekufakweni ezimbonini noma imvelo futhi amanzi ukubola.

Ukukhiqizwa hydrogen ezivela emithonjeni yamandla ezifana nokusebenzisa umoya, ilanga, amandla enuzi ngenkathi kuphela wafunda ososayensi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lezi zindlela banethemba ukusetshenziswa okubanzi esikhathini esizayo. isingeniso sabo ehleliwe eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Yiqiniso ekuqaleni hydrogen izindleko intengo ekhishwe izindlela ezinjalo, lizophakama, kodwa ke kancane kancane ifinyelela elilungile Inkomba uphawu.

Okwamanje, i-hydrogen isetshenziswa womshini uphethiloli, i-ammonia, futhi ngaphandle kwalo kubiza ukukhiqizwa i-hydrogen peroxide.