ImpiloIzifo nemibandela

Rickettsia - Iyini? Yini ezenza Rickettsia?

Ngo-1906, uH ucwaningo rickettsial uqalwe imfiva nezimanakanaka. Ngo-1909 imikhiqizo wafunda igazi zitholwe nezilwanyana ezincane ngesimo ezindukwini Ubukhulu encane kakhulu. eziphilayo Okufanayo Kuye kwatholakala kulo nyaka nomunye umcwaningi, S. uNicholas, kuphela ekutadisheni typhoid fever. Futhi njengoba RICKETTS wafa ngo-1910 nje ngenxa typhoid, kokuba phambi ukuthi ukukhuluma mayelana ayekutholile, uhlobo ejenti causative lesi sifo ukuthi ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe - Rickettsia, njengoba ukuqashelwa ososayensi ukuba isayensi.

Kuyini Rickettsia

Rickettsia - ezincane ngobukhulu Gram-negative eziphilayo, ezithinta property kokubili amagciwane namagciwane. Kusukela baqala ithuba Lokuzaliswa ngaphakathi kwamaseli womuntu eukaryotic, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, njenganoma amabhaktheriya kudingeka umoya-mpilo, abe udonga cell futhi ebucayi eqenjini elithile kwamaphilisi ukuphi. Lezi ezincane-eziphilayo - prokaryotes, abanaso semthethweni nengaphakathi akukho mitochondria.

Incazelo kanye morphology

Ngokuvamile wonke amalungu lolu hlobo kokuncinyane - kuya ku-1 Micron. abe induku emise kaningi, kodwa ngezinye izigaba ezithile kungaba filamentary futhi bacillary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinguquko zenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana aphethe.

Rickettsia - a nezilwanyana ezincane fixed, abanayo flagella, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, yakha amafomu ezincane ukubavikela. Ngokuvamile, la mafomu kungaba emzimbeni kuze kube iminyaka engu-10 ukuze alondoloze futhi ukwenze kusebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezimvunayo.

Rickettsia, chlamydia, Mycoplasma kukhona yisinanakazana kwiseli lomuntu, ebangela ukugula, kodwa leso sikhathi imvelo, wabulala masinyane. imvelo yabo - kwengqamuzana ephilayo i umzimba esebenzayo. Futhi uma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila emlonyeni, emphinjeni kanye ngomgudu womchamo uthanda mycoplasma, Rickettsia bahlala amaseli EPITHELIAL emathunjini, futhi semithambo endothelium abanikazi bayo main - izinambuzane, futhi indoda hit cishe yonke kwezitho nezicubu. Chlamydia futhi uthanda ukuba azinze izinhlaka umbono, kuthinte Izitho zokuzala, namaphaphu.

Phindaphinda nama-virus, rickettsiae ngaphakathi aphethe amangqamuzana, amangqamuzana kuphela komama sokuhlukanisa ngesigamu (okuyinto sici-bacterium). Kulokhu, amaseli utheleleke nge amagciwane esibulala ngokushesha.

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo alawa magciwane silula. Lona kungaba esigabeni vegetative - ngqamuzana liyahlukana esiteji esebenzayo noma quiescent.

On European izwekazi izifo zibangelwa rickettsia, iyivelakancane. Kodwa e-Asia, e-Australia futhi Tasmania, ala magciwane okwandile.

ngezigaba

Ngomhla ka-May 26, 2015 izinhlobo zawo ziye afakwe lolu uhlobo lwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nezinhlobo eziningana lapho ziphathwa lapha ngaphambili, athola futhi adluliselwe. Kumele ukuthi izwe ezivamile izinkanyiso ngezigaba rickettsial kuze kube sekupheleni futhi engakaze athuthukile.

Lolu cwaningo alawa magciwane kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba cishe wonke amalungu uhlobo lwe adala izifo, kuhlanganise ebulalayo. Ngakho, kwaba nezigameko eziningi ukutheleleka labacwaningi abathintekayo ekuhloleni lezi zilwane ezincane.

isifo rickettsial

Ngo abantu kubangele uhlobo febrile Rickettsia izifo. Futhi Yigama elivamile zonke lezi zifo - rickettsioses. Ukugeleza kubo, njengoba umthetho, bekulokhu abukhali kakhulu futhi kuhambisana ehlukahlukene yokukhumbula ukuqubuka esikhumbeni, trombovaskulitami noma vasculitis.

Ngakho lokho kubangela isifo Rickettsia? Kuze kube manje, kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

  1. Umqedazwe ze-typhus, igama lesibili - typhoid.
  2. Izifo Brill-Tsinsersa noma typhus sparodichesky (typhus Rickettsia, ngemva umuntu baye iyagula okokuqala, thatha ifomu encane; emva kweminyaka futhi ngisho namashumi eminyaka ukuphinda kungenzeka lesi sifo, okuyinto ithole igama). Ngokuvamile kubonakala kwasebekhulile.
  3. typhus sendawo noma igundane imfiva.
  4. typhus Brazilian.
  5. North-Asia futhi Australian umkhaza yesifo sezintwala.
  6. Rocky Mountain ikhombe imfiva.
  7. Pox Rickettsial.
  8. imfiva Israeli (ngaphezulu ibizwa ngokuthi imfiva of Marseille kanye Mediterranean ikhombe imfiva).
  9. typhus Murine (igama lesibili - zigcwele, njengoba kwesigubhu ekudluliseni kukhona namazeze).
  10. Quintan.
  11. Tsutsugamushi, imfiva, noma isi-Japanese (iningi abathwali kukhona namagundane kanye ukutheleleka trombidiidae).
  12. Malay bushelelezi imfiva.
  13. Sumatran umkhaza imfiva.
  14. TIBOLA, uphawu noma lymphadenopathy - ukugula, wavula njengoba muva kanje.
  15. DEBONEL, noma strupalimfadenopatiya necrotic (kubangelwa uhlobo olufanayo Rickettsia. Izifo kuhluke izimpawu kuphela).

Futhi aziwayo yilezi:

  • Q umkhuhlane;
  • emseleni umkhuhlane;
  • typhus ospovidny (okwamanje ibizwa ngokuthi rickettsialpox);
  • Queensland imfiva:
  • Astrakhan imfiva rickettsial.

Lolu hlu uhlu akuphelele izifo ukuthi abantu kungaba ungenwe.

Izindlela ukutheleleka

Rickettsia ngaphandle amaseli - lena engazinzile kakhulu amathuba okuba izwe ngaphandle, futhi iyafa ngokushesha emiphumeleni ezihlukahlukene izici nezilwanyana ezincane. Yingakho badinga abathutha ekhethekile. Ngoba lo indima, ephelele izinambuzane igazi-abancela, ezifana namazeze, izintwala namakhizane.

Njengoba nezintwala namazeze zitholakala yonke indawo, alethe izifo azithwele, kukhona sendawo, kuyilapho izibungu babe endaweni yabo ethize, futhi izifo ezibangelwa kubo, babe uhlamvu i sekuphenduke umkhuba.

Ngemva Udosi emzimbeni womuntu iwe Rickettsia. Amagciwane we mucosa emathunjini namazeze, izintwala noma izibungu adluliselwe ku igazi, umphumela - umkhuhlane futhi isifo esibi. Futhi kuyaqabukela kuyingozi ngokwabo eyisinambuzane Rickettsia. Kube khona izindaba yokudlulisela kwamagciwane, eziwuhlupho izinambuzane ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ngokusebenzisa amaqanda. Lapha eyisinambuzane asetshenziswa nje kwesigubhu yokugcina microorganism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi isinambuzane KWAMAGUNDANE singenzeka ngegazi nesineke kwabantu ngesikhathi bite.

Uma yenethiwekhi iyona umkhaza Rickettsia, pathogen ingatholakala ngokuluma umuntu, uma lesi silwanyana ungaphakathi nezindlala salivary, noma by bezihlikihla esikhunjeni lapho isinambuzane umane olwembiza.

Kukhona zenyathi ehlukile, kukhona livikela kakhulu zezemvelo ngokuthi Coxiella. Avuse lezi zifo rickettsia ezifana ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa yizinambuzane, futhi amaconsi sisemoyeni futhi kubangele iningi omunye ezintathu izinhlobo Q imfiva.

A imfiva Japanese ayihambi ngokuqondile nesineke umuntu enempilo. Ngempela khona umlamuleli. Futhi kaningi ngaphezu endimeni yakhe udlalwa ngumuntu rat noma igundane. bite yabo kungaba yingozi.

ngezimpawu zesifo

Izifo ezibangwa rickettsia, ungakwazi azibonakali ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa izimpawu ezivamile basengaba okhetheke khulu. Amanye awo yilawa:

  • ikhanda kanye muscle ubuhlungu Lokudabuka engaziwa;
  • umkhuhlane;
  • izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba ukuqubuka futhi isinambuzane bite endaweni eschar kwakhiwa yayincane, okuyinto mnyama nge sikhathi, ne ingcindezi wazizwa ku rigidity ke yayo;
  • ukuvuvukala-lymph, futhi ukwanda kwabo ngobukhulu;
  • isifuba esomile.

rickettsioses Heavy ngokuvamile njalo zenzeka ne lokushisa kanye nesimo kokudumazeka, ukuphefumula nesineke futhi kufushane esindayo. ngokuvamile Pathology Sifo kuyinto nobunzima obukhulu. Sifo zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa biopsy isikhumba kusukela bite. On ubuso bayo lapho njalo kwakhiwa ukutheleleka a papule is, okuyinto ke uphendulela abamnyama.

Fever iqala emhlabeni ngosuku lwesine emva kokutheleleka, kodwa kungenzeka lihlehliselwe ukubukeka kwakhe isikhathi eside. Isiguli eba isimo nokunganaki. Lymph node (kuqala yilabo abasondelene bite ke omunye) abe elikhanyayo futhi ukwanda ngobukhulu.

Kwesonto ngemuva izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ziqala ukuvela izimpawu ejwayelekile izifo rickettsial - nemfiva isifuba esomile esiholela ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula noma inyumoniya, kukhona photophobia, conjunctivitis. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokushisa ukuthuthukisa delirium, kanye ukulahlekelwa esinqunyiwe noma ephelele ekuzweni. Isikhumba livela melkopapuleznaya amawala, ikakhulukazi imilenze, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esiqwini.

Uma ungenalo ukuqala ukwelashwa, umkhuhlane izoqhubeka amaviki amabili. Amandla ka sibulala 40% azo zonke izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yokufa incike yobudala, uhlobo isifo namakhono mzimba zomzimba womuntu.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla microbiological

ekuhlonzweni kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba asheshise inqubo yokwelapha. Isiphetho sokuthi umuntu uphethwe okusheshayo Rickettsia - a biopsy ka eschar. Kodwa kungaqinisekiswa kuphela inyumbazana omzimba amagundane ukugonywa ngemva igazi umuntu ogulayo.

Enye indlela ekuxilongweni is ezenziwe usebenzisa izindlela serological. Kodwa imiphumela kufanele uhunyushwe ngokuqapha okukhulu, ngoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi zakulezi ezahlukene webhaktheriya zinhlobo cross-reactivity.

Omunye ukuhlolwa ezivamile zokukhomba Rickettsia - isampula mooseri-Neil. Kulokhu, esiswini igazi emithambo yegazi isiguli iqondiswa ingulube Guinea ngasekuqaleni esiteji febrile. Uma lesi sifo kuqinisekisiwe, izilwane avele izimpawu fever, izicubu necrosis, futhi owesilisa izingulube scrotum ichichima. Ngokuvamile, uma inkinga itholakala lapho ukuqinisekisile, isilwane sifa.

Amasosha omzimba e rikketsiozah

Ngisho ne ezifana osayizi ezincane lolu hlobo amagciwane has antigen athile (Ag), nemvelo ikakhulukazi lipopolysaccharide. Ngathola nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ofanayo Rickettsia amagciwane Proteus, esemgwaqweni kungaphelele kude itafula uhlobo esihleliwe Rickettsia. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu wahlupheka omunye izifo ezibangwa yiluphi uhlobo lwalolu hlobo, namanye amanxusa uhlobo olufanayo, sithwele antigen efanayo akuyona esabekayo. Phela, cross-amasosha omzimba yenzeka emzimbeni womuntu.

ukwelashwa

Kuye izindlela abakhethiwe kokuphatha isifo. izifo afanelekayo ezithathelwanayo kuphela kungakwenza uphethwe yini futhi zibeka ukwelashwa. Ngo ukushisa komzimba ahlukahlukene rickettsial babelwe esasikhipha antipyretics, njengokuthi "aspirin", "prednisolone" noma ezinye glucocorticosteroids, imithi elwa namagciwane ( "rifampicin" noma "Levometitsin").

Kanyekanye kubalulekile ukuba afeze ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini by ukumnika, izinsuku 3 gemodeza, umjovo emthanjeni izinsuku 3 isixazululo glucose futhi uphuza ukuba 2.5 amalitha ngosuku oralita isixazululo phakathi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu.

Ngo lokushisa isikimu zinsiza enjalo ubuyela evamile ngosuku 9-11. Ngemva kwamasonto angaba mabili ngakhishwa umzimba namahlaba bemisipha, futhi ngemva kwamasonto amathathu wanyamalala ukuqubuka emzimbeni, okwakusho yokutakula sekuyaphela.

Ukuze ekwelapheni typhus ezithwalwa ezihlongozwayo elinye icebo ukwelashwa:

  • Ukuthola tetracycline antibiotic (noma) levomitsetinovoy iqembu ukulondoloza - izidakamizwa senhliziyo e imithamo ngokulinganisela.
  • Uma siqala isifo abadliwa isimo kokudumazeka, noma ezinye izimpawu ezinamandla zibonakala, ukwengeza glucose ngemithambo yegazi isixazululo yamaphesenti ayisihlanu ukunciphisa toxication zomzimba.
  • Ezimweni ezingavamile okwengeziwe iqondiswa amahomoni glycosides inhliziyo.

Kuleli lwemithi, ukululama ephelele kwenzeka cishe inyanga eyodwa.

Q imfiva iphathwa ukungenisa imithi elwa namagciwane, "chloramphenicol" kanye izidakamizwa tetracycline iqembu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma, kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu noma ezine ngeke ngcono, ezengeziwe izidakamizwa okokufaka glucocorticoid waphawula. Lapho ezifana side effects njengoba myocardium, eminye wasungula izidakamizwa zenhliziyo vasopressor. ejenti detoxifying iphathwa ngemithambo yegazi (glucose ne nosawoti). Le nqubo yokwelapha ithatha cishe inyanga nesigamu.

ukuphathwa rickettsial kumele ngempela ukuthatha indawo esibhedlela, ngaphansi kokuqondisa izifo ezithathelwanayo. nzima kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo oholele Rickettsia, chlamydia e abakhulelwe kanye nokuncelisa ibele, njengoba lesi sigaba seziguli ezithola imithi contraindicated iqembu tetracycline. Kulokhu, a kahle, kodwa kancane ngempumelelo "Chloramphenicol" (ibele ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kufanele ayeke).

Izingane kuze iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili nge rikketsiozah uswidi "Chloramphenicol" zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi, futhi abadala, kanye nabantu abadala - doksitsiklinovoy iqembu, nje athathe umthamo ongaphansi.

zokuvimbela

Kuze kube manje, kwakhiwa futhi kwasetshenziswa izingxube kwezokwelapha wokugoma atenuirovannaya eziwuhlupho-typhus nangokumelene Q imfiva.

Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ithuba zigonywe, uya eholidini ezweni lapho kukhona emaphaketheni izifo izifo rickettsial. Ngakho-ke, wenza izimiso ezimbalwa ezilula, ungakwazi uzivikele kanjani wena nomndeni wakho kuzo.

  1. Uma ukuya epaki, ipaki, ihlathi, zoo noma enye indawo lapho contact nge imikhaza, namazeze noma ezinye yezinkampani, bagqoke izingubo nge ezinemikhono emide phansi - isigqoko esinompheme omkhulu.
  2. Qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa amathuluzi, axoshe izinambuzane.
  3. Qiniseka ukuthi ahlole bakuthole bona nezingane zabo ngoba khona ukulunywa yizinambuzane. Ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze entanyeni, imbilapho, emakhwapheni, nendawo ngaphansi ngamadolo - intandokazi indawo umkhaza bite.
  4. Uma uvakashela amasayithi abangenwe iyiphi rickettsiosis, qiniseka ukuba bagqoke izingubo ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali-dimethyl phthalate.
  5. Ngiyakuthanda ukuba alale esigangeni ematendeni? Khona-ke ukulala ohlakeni, hhayi phansi.
  6. Kwakukhona izinsolo eziphathelene nokugula umuntu rickettsiosis eduze? Khona-ke unganqikazi ubheke izifo ezithathelwanayo.
  7. inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu engakaze kukhanselwe.

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