Izimbongi Russian kanye angaphandle kwekhulu le-18

Izincwadi ezinkulu Russian siqukethe inqwaba izinhlobo. Omunye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ukwambulwa kakhulu kuyinto izinkondlo. yezimbongi ezidumile kwekhulu le-18 yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

Kuyini ngempela izinkondlo?

Lona uhlobo olukhethekile ubuciko, ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi enezici. Esikhathini izincwadi zezwe, izinkondlo has a ukubaluleka okukhulu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla ikhona kuyo yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi womuntu. Engingakusho nje sikhumbula indlela abantu ukucula ndawonye ngesikhathi ngamaholide merry iculo, imibhalo okwadala izimbongi kwekhulu le-18 leminyaka, 19 futhi lama-20. Ngo impi, imigqa asankondlo melody elihambisana wavusa umoya wokushisekela izwe of amasosha wawalwela wobaba.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi kwaba ezidumile ikakhulukazi ukucula Serenades ngaphansi balcony izintokazi amahle - ngalendlela amadoda wavuma imizwa yabo uthando. izimbongi Russian kanye angaphandle kwekhulu le-18 (kufaka Friedrich Schiller futhi URobert Burns) wadala yobuciko okumnandi ukuze kwavela ngemva kwamakhulu amaningi eminyaka mkhuba fashion namanenekazi yizicukuthwane zihaya izinkondlo ayithandayo izinhliziyo zabo, izintokazi.

Ngenxa izinkondlo kungase kudlulisele umuzwa wokuthi imizwa, imizwa kanye nemizwelo, ubuhlobo bayo nezenzakalo eziphathelene. Phakathi imisebenzi olusankondlo uqokomisa tinkondlo, umdlalo, inoveli izinkondlo. Bonke ngothi lwabo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, zinezindlela ezahlukene ukuhlela inkulumo kwezobuciko. Namuhla, naphezu isigqi ekushintsheni wokuphila, bathanda izinto ezingefani futhi izintandokazi, izinkondlo uhlala othembekile indoda.

Isikhathi nesenzakalo zezinkondlo ngesiRashiya

izinkondlo Russian sekukhona ekhulwini lesikhombisa. Ukukhuluma odumile izimbongi isiRashiya, kumelwe kuphawulwe igama Simeona Polotskogo - imbongi lokuqala, imbongi Russian nezobuchwepheshe. Ungumnikazi inkondlo onesizotha, okuyinto ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu sibonelo we ODE. izimbongi Russian kwekhulu le-18 wafunda okuningi kulokho imisebenzi yakhe ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. USimeyoni ka Polotsk, njengoba imbongi eziyinhloko zesikhathi sakhe, uye wadala amabili amaqoqo syllabic vesi. Enye inzuzo enkulu imbongi ukuthi uSathane wasungula eMoscow nge art okukhulu, ngokubhala kudlala ezintathu emoyeni yezimfihlakalo ephakathi. Le midlalo abangu okuhleliwe esigodlweni.

izinkondlo Russian XVIII leminyaka

izimbongi Russian kwekhulu le-18 esetshenziswa emisebenzini yakhe syllabic versification. Ngakho baqhubeka eziyisisekelo kanye namasiko zokuhlola ezasungulwa uSimeyoni ka Polotsk. Kusukela maphakathi Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, versification syllabic indawo nevesi syllabic-tonic. Abadali of the izinhlelo ezintsha olusankondlo babe izimbongi owaziwa kwekhulu le-18: MV Lomonosov, Sumarokov AP futhi Trediakovskii VK Ekhona ngesikhathi izinhlobo bakhetha i ODE wokudumisa. Omkhulu usosayensi Russian Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov kwakungekho imbongi ngaphansi emangalisayo. Ngokuvamile emsebenzini wakhe, wasebenzisa pentameter. Ngokubona kwakhe, kungukungcola pentameter inkondlo wanikeza ubukhazikhazi ekhethekile nokuphana. Wasikisela ukusetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo imvumelwano izinkondlo.

izimbongi Russian kwekhulu le-18. uhlu

1. Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev.
2. U-Aleksey Andreevich Rzhevsky.
3. Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov.
4. Anna Petrovna Bunina.
5. Anna Sergeevna Zhukova.
6. Andrey Andreevich Nartov.
7. Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir.
8. Vasily Petrovich Petrov.
9. Vasily Zopholi.
10. Vasiliy Lvovich Pushkin.
11. Vasiliy Kirillovich Trediakovsky.
12. UGavrilă Romanovich Derzhavin.
13. Gabriel Petrovich Kamenev.
14. Ermil Ivanovich Kostrov.
15. Ivan Semonovich Barkov.
16. Ippolit Fodorovich Bogdanovich.
17. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev.
18. Ivan Petrovich Pnin.
19. Ivan Ivanovich Chemnitzer.
20. Ivan Mihaylovich Dolgoruky.
21. Ivan Perfilevich Elagin.
22. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.
23. Mihail Ivanovich Popov.
24. Mihail Matveevich Heraskov.
25. Nikolay Nikitich Popovsky.
26. Nikolay Aleksandrovich eLvov.
27. Pavel Pavlovich ICOS.
28. Semon Sergeevich Bobrov.
29. Sergei Nikiforovich Marin.
30. Yakov Borisovich Knyazhnin.

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi izinkondlo Russian ezincwadini Russian Old ngekhulu le-18

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin ibinzana olulodwa kugcizelelwe uhlamvu olusha izincwadi, owanikhipha nabo izimbongi kwekhulu le-18. Zazinjani umehluko oyisisekelo Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka kusukela izigaba ngaphambili emlandweni izincwadi? Okokuqala, e izincwadi zasendulo lingekho ngokuphelele-copyright ekuqaleni. Inani elikhulu of Zabhalwa angenamagama. Khona-ke kwaba khona izincwadi engenabuntu, okuyinto kwakuhambelana nokuka imibono amakhosi asendulo futhi ngiqaphele zenkolo. Kule ndaba, izincwadi Old Russian ukhumbuza temdzabu, lapho khona umbhali nabo baqala ulahlekile. Kwakuwusuku amakhosi olukhulu izikebhe zabo, kodwa akuzona abaculi nge ubuntu egqamile futhi ehlukile. Phakathi Renaissance eNtshonalanga, umqondo ubuntu. Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona izincwadi ezintsha, lapho ekuqaleni kombhali eyathinteka. ERussia, umqondo lowomuntu azalwa kamuva kakhulu, ku enkulu engu-Peter. Izimbongi kwekhulu le-18, kanye nemisebenzi yabo, kwasho ukuqala isikhathi esisha. izincwadi Russian kwaba lwekutfutfukisa futhi ngokushesha. Eminyakeni 70 nje, kukhona kwentuthuko lezi zincwadi kwamanye amazwe yanqoba eminyaka.

Izinyathelo izincwadi zokuqala Russian ngezikhathi zanamuhla

Wabeka isisekelo esiqinile kweyishumi ezintathu nje imbongi.

Ngo 1729, kusukela ngothi AD Cantemir kwafika ukubhinqa lokuqala, labavulekela Umkhuba omusha lonke. Ngo-1735 VK Trediakovskii ubeka injongo ukwakha izincwadi kazwelonke ehlukile futhi izinkondlo kwenza izinguquko. Syllabic-tonic uhlelo ezihlongozwayo eyalotshwa imbongi, luvula nethemba ukuthuthukiswa zezinkondlo Russian. ukubaluleka kwalo futhi ukuhlakanipha, kanye nethuba elanele ukuze uqinisekise. Kuze kube manje, kulesi simiso usetshenziswa abaculi wesimanje.

Ngo-1739, MV Lomonosov kudala ODE "On the Ukuthatha ka Khotin", sithembele athuthukile Trediakovskij kabusha.

Isikhova i-great Russian imbongi Mikhail Lomonosov lakhe lokusungula Sakushintsha ukubukeka nobunjalo izincwadi, indima yayo nendawo empilweni yamasiko kanye nomphakathi yezwe. Izincwadi zethu omamukele ilungelo layo khona izinhlobo asankondlo "ekhuluma" umfundi ulimi olusha ngokuphelele. Wafinyelela izimbongi kwekhulu le-18. izinkondlo Russian lezi abaculi mkhulu kangangokuthi amalungu ukuba izinkondlo ekhulwini esesikhundleni evelele. Kuyinto ngenxa temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yakhe yimpumelelo beqonda ukuthi iphuma 1760s futhi wathola nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo kule 30s yekhulu le-19. Khona-ke, lapho behlala futhi qamba dalo zazo ezihlukile NJENGOBA Pushkin ne-NV Gogol. Ngemva kwalokho, le temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba senzeka walo wokuqala kuleli izincwadi.

isiphetho

Ngakho, izimbongi kwekhulu le-18 baba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinkondlo Russian. Zisetshenziswa imisebenzi yakhe versification syllabic. Ngakho baqhubeka eziyisisekelo kanye namasiko zokuhlola ezasungulwa uSimeyoni ka Polotsk. Abadali kohlelo abasha babeke baba olusankondlo: AD Kantemir, MV Lomonosov, AP Sumarokov futhi VK Trediakovskii. Siyabonga kubo, izinkondlo iminyaka eyikhulu esesikhundleni evelele. Poems by izimbongi Russian ka ngekhulu le-18 ezinkulu. Baye bamnqoba izinhliziyo zabafundi abaningi.