Rocks sedimentary

Mayelana 75% of the komhlaba ukumboza amadwala sedimentary. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ezingaphezu kwesigamu the amaminerali ekhishwe kusukela amathumbu planethi. Bahlanganyela igxile amazwekazi, eshalofini kanye nasemazweni yokuma kwayo indawo, futhi abangaba ngu-15% kuphela isezingeni phansi izilwandle.

Sedimentary amatshe akhiwa weathering imikhiqizo redeposition sebethule izidakamizwa ngokukhethekayo naphakathi aqueous (ngezinye izikhathi ezweni), kanye ice umsebenzi inqubo. Inzika singenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kuye imvelo yayo, ihlaba umkhosi ngamaqembu ahlukene rocks sedimentary:

- clastic - zibangelwa ikakhulukazi ngokomzimba weathering, ukufuduka kwabantu nokungabi redeposition alandelayo impahla;

- inhlabathi colloidal - akhiwa ngenxa noqhekeko zamakhemikhali, ephelezelwa ukwakheka izisombululo colloidal ;

- chemogenic - ezakhiwe kwezulu kusuka isixazululo aqueous ngenxa zamakhemikhali noma kubangelwa ezahlukene izimbangela supersaturation izixazululo;

- kwamakhemikhali - umphumela zamakhemikhali ezenzeka iqhaza eziphilayo;

- biogenic noma organogenic - umphumela umsebenzi eziphilayo.

Ngokuvamile kukhona izimpawu ngokuhlanganisa ngamaqembu ahlukene amatshe sedimentary. Ukwahlukaniswa ngenhla ubhekisela kubo kunoma neqembu elilodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, e-limestone, okungase imvelaphi clastic, organogenic, chemogenic noma kwamakhemikhali, kungokwalabo zinhlobo kwamakhemikhali.

Ngokusho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amatshe sedimentary zihluke idwala igneous ukwakha inqwaba izingxenye kanye kwamangqamuzana kakhulu kunalokhu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indaba for kumiswa zabo weathering imikhiqizo ye metamorphic, igneous nangaphezulu sedimentary amatshe kanye amagesi futhi ziyoncibilika izingxenye amanzi zemvelo amaminerali, eziphilayo, imfucumfucu, imikhiqizo mlilo ngisho izinsalela emkhathini (isib nickel yensimbi amabhola ). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubunjwa yabo ngokuvamile atholakala iminonjana ukuphila isikhathi eside wanyamalala - flora ezimbiwa phansi ezilwaneni nasezimileni. Ngokuvamile, iminyaka yobudala engu-zilwane ezimbiwa phansi ngokwabo, kodwa kukhona ngaphezulu izinsalela redeposited organic lasendulo.

Ezinye izinhlobo (diatomite, nummulitovye futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene limestone nabanye) ngokuphelele sakhiwa eziphilayo (biomorphic) noma izingxenyana zazo (detritusovye). I biomorphic (tselnorakovinnyh) izinsalela zamathambo netakhi behlukene ngu ngibopha usimende (brachiopod rakushnyaka) noma akhethe nomunye, ukwakha ukukhula ukuthungwa (coral noma izinhlobo ezahlukene limestone). Detritusovye izakhiwo akhiwa emanzini angajulile ngenxa yesenzo kokubhubhisa thuthuva igobolondo noma ngenxa ikhono siphile izilwane ezidla ezinye ehlukana igobolondo ngenjongo yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani.

rocks sedimentary akhiwa kanje: Kumiswa ukubhujiswa edwaleni umzali kuyinto indaba kokuqala, okuyinto idluliselwe amanzi, umoya noma izinguzunga zeqhwa, bese imali phezu komhlaba kanye phansi umcengezi amanzi. Umphumela yakhiwa izingxenye ezihluke ziyazika ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ayegcwele amanzi nokuba isakhiwo friable futhi ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kwenze, ilungiswe nge kwesikhathi - futhi kukhona rock sedimentary.

inqubo sedimentation senzeka bedle sezulu kanye umbuso zomhlaba. Ezimweni zinomswakama (kuhlale kushisa futhi kunomswakama) sezulu ekhiqizwa silts, Clays, diatomite, caustobioliths (wezinsalela zamandulo zokubasa). Eyomile (dry) esishintshashintshayo libhekene limestone, Gypsum, anhydrite, idwala usawoti. Izifunda eligoqiwe buthelela izingqimba obukhulu yamadwala sedimentary, libhekene izici ezifana kokuhlukana esikhaleni kanye nokusungulwa ezihlukahlukene detritus. Ezisekelweni, kunalokho, kuthiwa imali stratum of ongaphakeme amandla amatshe yenziwe ngohlobo iyunifomu ngaphezulu detritus.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimo sedimentation in the kwezinkathi Geological eyedlule eduze yesimanje noma okunye okunjalo, ngesisekelo idatha ku ukusatshalaliswa rocks sedimentary ku surface eMhlabeni kungenziwa ukusungulwa kanye PALEOGEOGRAPHY paleotectonic emhlabeni.