Kuyini FTPS: isimiso ukusebenza futhi umehluko kusukela FTP evamile

I-intanethi zanamuhla is a lwamakhompyutha axhumene ngokukhulumisana yezifiso ekhethekile. Ukuze sibonise amasayithi usebenzisa yezifiso HTTP, HTTP, kanye exchange of amafayela amakhulu zisebenzisa FTP, SFTP ne FTPS. Ake sihlole lokho FTPS-Server. Sifunda futhi kanjani ukuyisebenzisa.

Kuyini FTPS

Igama olandelwayo kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: FTP + SSL noma FTP + TLS (SSL version ethuthukisiwe). Ingxenye yokuqala kuba eziyisisekelo futhi imfushane for isidlulisimafayela - Ukudlulisa ifayela olandelwayo. Le ndlela ukushintshanisa kwe-data ejwayelekile lungabhalwanga, ngakho amafayela ethunyelwe nge FTP, kulula nokunciphisa kanye inqamuke. Lezi zici ngaphambili esetshenziswa kubaduni ukweba imibhalo ezibalulekile ezivela zenkampani.

Ukuze kuxazululwe le yokuntuleka Ukuvikelwa kolwazi, ithuthukiswe FTPS olandelwayo. Konke amafayela adlulisiwe abokuqala kusetshenzwe SSL noma i-TLS (ukubethela protocol), ngakho iqembu futhi izikhwama ngesikhathi sokuhambisa kukhona isafaneleka uhlobo ukukhwabanisa, isibonelo, esikhundleni «Sawubona» ukuza «GTYSL». On iseva, njengoba zonke ikhodi iguqulwe emuva izinkulumo Izimiso eziphusile.

Thina ingafingqwa yi umbuzo wokuthi FTPS - siyini lesi futhi yiziphi imisebenzi yayo. Lokhu evikelekile FTP protocol. Manje, ukudluliswa kolwazi, ungaqiniseka ukuthi amafayela izohlala eyaziwa kuphela abasebenzisi abagunyaziwe. Musa ukudida FTPS futhi SFTP, lawa yezifiso ezahlukene nokusebenzisa ezimisweni ezahlukene.

Kanjani ukuze uthumele iseva FTPS

Abanye abazi ukuthi FTPS-Server. Lona ikhompyutha eligcina amafayela, okusebenza kuyafana FTP-iseva (ukudluliselwa amafayela isicelo iklayenti sika). Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi lonke ulwazi lubhalwe ngekhodi ngaphambi ukudlulisa amafayela.

Ukuvikela iseva ifayela kusuka nsada okungafunwa, udinga ukudala isitifiketi wedijithali. Uma usebenzisa FileZilla Iseva ke kulolu, iya kuzilungiselelo ze-SSL / i-TLS. Kube uzodinga ukudala isitifiketi esisha, eyohlanganisa ulwazi ikhodi yezwe, igama lenhlangano, njll

Isitifiketi ingatholakala mahhala ngokusebenzisa FileZilla noma nge kwamanye amasevisi. Ngokufinyelela wendawo isitifiketi ngokwanele Sizisayine, kodwa umsebenzi womphakathi zalezi zinyathelo ngeke ngokwanele, futhi isitifiketi angathengwa yesiphathimandla isitifiketi.

Uxhumano FTPS

Ukuze ukuqonde kangcono lokho FTPS, cabanga olandelwayo we ndlela. Ngokungafani FTP, lapho yokuxhuma ikhasimende angacela ukuxhumana okuphephile, isib, port ehlukile ukubethela. Cabanga imininingwane ebalulekile ye-algorithm isicelo isitifiketi:

1. Iklayenti eceliwe ukubethela idatha (ithumela isicelo CSR-ikhodi).
2. Iseva mnyombo algorithm ukubethela futhi ithumela iklayenti SSL-isitifiketi ukhiye womphakathi we-RSA-ukubethela.
3. Iklayenti ofunda ulwazi kusuka isitifiketi futhi libhekisela isikhungo ukuthi isitifiketi. Uma isitifiketi isikhungo kanye iseva ayafana nomunye, isivivinyo sidlulile futhi uxhumano uyaqhubeka. Kungenjalo, uxhumano kuphazamisekile futhi iseva ithumela ngekhodi yephutha.
4. Uma ukuhlolwa kuphumelela, iklayenti lidale session ukhiye ngekhodi (ifayela ukubethela), futhi uthunyelwa kwiseva. Isebenzisa izinombolo okungahleliwe futhi RSA-ukubethela nokhiye kwasobala nokwabantu ngabanye.
5. Iseva uthola ukhiye futhi decrypts ke. Esikhathini esizayo, lolu hlelo ukhiye usetshenziselwa ukubethela wonke amafayela wathumela futhi wathola.

Emva kokuthola imfihlo session ukhiye iqala ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ukhiye iyenziwa isicelo esisha ngasinye, yonke idatha ngaphakathi olandelwayo FTPS-kusekeliwe ngekhodi.

uxhumano

Ngenxa TSL / SSL-izitifiketi ungakwazi ukuqeda bokweba imininingwane ebucayi. Ukugunyaza ivumela isiphequluli ukwazi kahle ukuthi idatha wakhe uthunyelwa ngefomu ebethelwe ngqo yiseva, hhayi singene computer okungalungile. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukusebenzisa ukubethela uma ufaka ulwazi lomuntu siqu, izinombolo ikhadi lasebhange, njalo njalo. N.

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kungadinga ukusetshenziswa isitifiketi esiydijithali hhayi kuphela kwi-server, kodwa futhi ku iklayenti. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zokuzivikela ibalulekile ukusebenzisa amabhange, isibonelo, ukudluliswa kwe-imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana isizinda yekhasimende.

Ngisho noma umhlaseli bazokwazi ukuthola amafayela kusuka olandelwayo FTP, konke ibethelwe, futhi ufunde okuqukethwe kwabo awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela imfihlo zokhiye we-RSA.