Rurik isiphetho, Veliky Novgorod: ikheli, izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza

Veliky Novgorod - kwedolobha lapho kungekho ukushoda lwezinto okufanele zenziwe. Sekuyisikhathi eside wayengowasebukhosini yezindawo avakashelwa kumephu yezwe futhi liyaqhubeka lijabulisa nalokho okutholakale muva bemivubukulo asikhanyisela ngemithwalo umlando ERussia yasendulo. Abaningi babo benziwa endaweni Rurik isiphetho, okwenzeka Novgorod.

Umlando ekutadisheni yemivubukulo

Rurik yokubeka (Veliky Novgorod), isithombe okuyinto ethulwa ngezansi, ososayensi baqala ukutadisha kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule. Ekumbeni lokuqala Kwakuseshwa by umvubukuli N. Polyansky. Ehlobo lika-1910 kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo i team uhambo abacwaningi oholwa umculi-sefilosofi UNikolai Roerich, futhi kusukela ngo-1975 kuze kube namuhla (ngekhefu) ukusebenza kukhona Institute of History of Material Culture ngaphansi kokuqondisa E. N. Nosova.

Ngenxa yalokho, eduze imibhoshongo ucwaningo izingqimba basendulo kwamasiko kuhlonzwe njengezinto:

• Izinsalela Neolithic (2-3 yeminyaka BC)
• isiphetho seSimbi (nenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka BC. e.).

I bemivubukulo eziphawuleka kakhulu azithola wenza kusayithi

Ezifundweni izingqimba kwamasiko 9-11 eminyaka ososayensi bathole izinto eziningi izingubo kanye nezempi. Nazo zatholakala birchbark okuqukethwe okuhlukile, ezinye izimvu zamanzi kwesikhulu lomthofu, umcebo dirhams ezintathu, inani elikhulu Arab, zemali WaseByzantium kanye namazwe Western Europe, ingilazi, ubuhlalu carnelian ne crystal futhi izingcezu alimondi kanye ziyadliwa amagobolondo. Zonke lezi zobuciko ziwubufakazi ukuhweba asebenzayo exhumanisa Novgorod nge angomakhelwane kanye namazwe akude yeYurophu ephakathi ye-Asia.

Phakathi ekumbeni futhi zitholakale izingxenye izikali, izinsimbi, Combs Frisian, ngokhuni ithoyizi izinkemba, izisindo uhlaka lokweluka indwangu, bendabuko lasendulo ingilazi bamabhengele namabhande, ngokubala amathegi, nokwakha uthi lokuphotha, ikhava kanye birch neziqu, shards ka amphorae nokuningi.

Rurik yokubeka (Novgorod) futhi uphoqelekile ukuba ukhulume yena ngo-2003, lapho yathola birch namagxolo, okuyinto insalela incwadi evela abazalwane abaningana ukuba abazali bakhe, okuyinto lwadluliselwa iSikhulu Novgorod.

"Varyagsky elilandelayo»

Ngenani zaseScandinavia Rurik isiphetho okutholakele, kanye isiphetho komlando yokwakha izidleke elise loMfula Dnieper, kuba abacebe igodi eMpumalanga Yurophu. Lezi izinto ezimbili ulandele ngqo izikhungo edume kunazo eScandinavia Birka futhi Hedeby. ezithakazelisayo Ikakhulukazi izinto isiko nemihlobiso. Phakathi kwabo igobolondo-like, ravnoplechnye annular kanye iziqhano zokuhloba, namacici 2 lethusi, okukhona runiform kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe yensimbi hryvnia izimpawu izando Thor sibalo Valkirii esiliva et al.

Rurik yokubeka (Novgorod): umlando base

Ukukhuluma edume kakhulu into ingatholakala "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Ngokusho kwenye incazelo yale dokhumenti mlando, e 862, abakhileyo ezweni ngalo Novgorod yasungulwa kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi Varyaga Ryurika lokubusa emasimini abo. At the site zokuhlala lasendulo yokuhlala kwesikhulu Yakhiwa njengoba inqaba-emzaneni ayephila kuso, yena isikwati. Wayengumngane at umsuka River Volkhov, khona indlela "kusukela amaViking amaGreki."

Umlando alandelayo Rurik isiphetho

Ngo 9-10 eminyaka yokuhlala kwesikhulu loMfula i-Volkhov kwaba isiphetho kuqala endaweni Novgorod yesimanje, t. E. edolobheni elidala. It ithatha indawo encane (6 - 7 ha) sesimweni esa- esemgwaqweni ngendlu esiqhingini uzamcolo wathela. Umphini ububanzi komnikazi safinyelela 8 mitha, futhi ukuphakama - 5 amamitha.

I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba Rurik ndawo eziqinile a ngokhuni kushaft imiklamo bese kuvikelwa umbutho umsele. Settlement sinendawo nelungelo, njengoba ayezungezwe amanzi imingcele, futhi kusukela indawo ephakeme yegquma kwakulula umkhondo ukudlula izitsha River Volkhov e Lake Ilmen.

Abobulili enqabeni behlaliswe engcwele yobuqaba - Peryn. Kususelwa okutholwe ngemivubukulo, ingxenye enkulu yabantu bakhona wahlanganyela isiphetho yezandla kuhlanganise zethusi thusi, ithambo eqoshwe nabanye.

Hillfort ngemva kwekhulu leshumi,

Eminyakeni 990 zokuhlala lasendulo, olondolozela indima yokuhlala kwesikhulu, akunike indlela umsebenzi isikhungo senhlalo nesomnotho komnikazi ukuthi Kuvezwe emhlabeni enkantolo umbhishobhi sika.

Ngemva ukuvukela Novgorod e 1136 insimu yayo aqhubeka elise isikhulu yokuhlala. Nokho, kwaba ngaphansi kokulawula imeya, ophethe Novgorod Omkhulu.

Rurik yokubeka (ikheli Novgorod wesifunda, d. INdunduma) ngesikhathi esisodwa kwaba indawo lapho eseyingane Ngokuzayo Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo. Futhi ngo izinkathi ezahlukene yomlando wayeka noma bahlala Dmitry Donskoy, Vasiliy Temny, Ivan III no-Ivan Grozny.

Church of the Annunciation

Rurik yokubeka (Veliky Novgorod) Kuyathakazelisa ngenxa emanxiweni ibandla ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12 etholakala kulo. Ngo 1103 yasungulwa indodana Vladimira Monomaha futhi umbusi Novgorod, Mstislav Vladimirovich. Annunciation ka yathoma khona ngemva zokuxhumana yesibili. Sofia isakhiwo itshe sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa yokuhlala isikhulu washukunyiselwa khona. Sikanye Nikolsky futhi St George sika Cathedral (Yuriev Monastery), yakhiwa uPetru Elikhulu - umakhi wokuqala Russian okukhulunywa encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla.

Eminyakeni 1342-1343 esizeni sethempeli agugile lamiswao entsha owema iminyaka 600, inqobo nje ngesikhathi WWII awuzange ngamabhomu wezikhali isitha. Amanxiwa Church of the Annunciation ukunikeza umbono ocacile ngalokho okwenzekayo uhlobo umonakalo kwakwenzelwa emagugu emasiko wezwe lakithi phakathi ayehlasela izindimbane undlovukayiphikiswa.

"Prince sika Stone"

Rurik yokubeka (Novgorod) ungomunye izindawo eziyinhloko ukugujwa emisiwe 1150 th esenzeka wekuba sive Russian. Septhemba 22, 2012, unyaka endaweni lesikhumbuzo zomlando wavulwa "itshe Knyazhye." Kuyinto imbokodo omkhulu nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ngu-40. It is eziqoshwe ikhotheshini edumile irekhodi Radzivilovskoy, okuyinto kufakazela ukubaluleka komnikazi emlandweni Russia.

Veliky Novgorod, Rurik zokuhlala: kanjani lapho ngemoto

Lokhu izimpawu zendawo yisakhiwo sodumo engafinyelelwa yizinqola ezizimele noma umphakathi. Uma ulandela Rurik yokubeka (Veliky Novgorod), indlela ukuya emotweni yayo, ngokushesha izeluleko. Esanda kutholakala zibekwe phambi kwakhe indlela ophuzi sandstone. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umzila Moscow - ithuba Novgorod ukuba Sholokhovo, ukushayela kuMsindisi Nereditsa futhi eminye kuya isithiyo ke ukuhamba ezincithakalweni baye imizuzu 2-3 kuphela.

Ngaphambi Rurik isiphetho engafinyelelwa ngenombolo ibhasi 186 (nesikhathi sokuhamba at 7:25, 8:25, 14:00, 19:05), eduze iSonto uMsindisi ku Nereditsa. Ukuza aphume esitobhini zokugcina, kufanele ubuyele emuva endleleni, bahamba kwenqwaba avimba imifula emfuleni Volkhov. Okulandelayo, udinga ukukhanyisa kwesokunxele bese ulandele indlela egandayiwe ngomfula ezikhangayo kakhulu.

Ezinyangeni zasehlobo Volkhov olwenziwa uhambo isikebhe "Funky", lapho uhlelo kuhlanganisa Ukuvakashela Rurik zokuhlala. Tour schedule: at 11:00 ngeMigqibelo kanye 14:15 - ngeSonto.

Izibuyekezo

Ngokusho kwalabo kakade uhambo umzila Veliky Novgorod - Rurik yokubeka (Ibanga ukusuka isikhungo 2), ngemva kokumiswa umgwaqo omusha engafinyelelwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga kunoma iyiphi uhlobo imoto. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi ethela emfuleni Volkhov, lapho it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuvakashela leli Luhambo.

okubuyayo ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa zilwane ezinhle kakhulu ezivuliwe kusukela entabeni Fort phezu kwamanzi, kanye ezibiyele kanye St George sika Monastery. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhambo kungenziwa kuhlangene ukuzilibazisa ogwini futhi ube epikinikini nalesi izoso endaweni ukuzilibazisa eduze isikhonkwane. Ngokuphathelene amazwana zezivakashi, izihambi eziningi bathi zonke umbono wokuvakashela sokuhlala yangaphambili Rurik yona amathuna, elise kamakhelwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi Kwaphawulwa ukuthi nakuba le ndawo nakanjani isethubeni elikhulu ukubona indawo njengoba akunakubangelwa inani izinto ezingase zithakazelise umuntu abahambi lula.

Manje uyazi ukuthi amasayithi obuncani elaziwayo kungabonwa ngokuya Veliky Novgorod. Rurik isiphetho, okuyinto ungathola kokubili Volkhov, namaloli - iyindawo ongokomfanekiso, lapho kudabuka khona isimo isiRashiya, ngakho kukhona kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa kunoma ubani uyakwazisa emlandweni wezwe lakhe.