Russian Art Nouveau bokwakha

Russian Art Nouveau ngengozi. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka 19-20 cishe kuwo wonke amazwe-Western Europe ukuthi bajoyine ngaleso sikhathi e-epoch imperialism kwakukhona okuthile kulesi siqondiso. bona abonise ngezinga elikhulu, ubuciko kanye izakhiwo izimboni. ukubusa waseRussia ngawo ohlelweni lwamazwe ngamazwe uhlelo lingabacindezeli, ukwanda inflow of currency angaphandle e umkhakha wezwe ngokwezinga elikhulu nesandla ekwakhiweni futhi basakaza of imisinga modernist. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izakhiwo umhlaziyi walahla ngazwi linye stylization, i eclectic, okuyinto nazo zaba neqhaza isiqondiso ukuthuthukiswa "Russian Art Nouveau."

banda abantu abanesithakazelo kuyi isiqondiso kwabangelwa khona kuwo umoya emisha kanye nemibono emisha. Russian Art Nouveau bokwakha langaleso sikhathi kubhekwe njengendlela isigaba zokululama kusukela izakhiwo eclectic kanye retrospectivism. Inkulumo yobuciko kubonakala izithakazelo onxiwankulu, wafuna ukudala isitayela esisha kwekhulu. Russian Art Nouveau akazange abe iphethini olulodwa yesitayela. Lesi sici sivumela ukusebenzisa izakhiwo njengoba isikhangisi ukuncintisana phakathi amafemu yezimboni futhi commercial, kanye neyabantu abahluleka ukukhokha imali.

abaklami Russian bajwayelane mkhuba omusha emazweni angomakhelwane, ngokwakhe ngqo noma izincwadi ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, yebo, cwaningo lamanje senzeke nokugqugquzela cindezela amaphephabhuku. Ngokwesibonelo, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1872, lo magazini "ukwakheka" ngokunakekela sengqondo kakhulu isipiliyoni angaphandle ukwakhiwa, siphawula izici okuqhubekayo abazibheka ngomsebenzi abaklami angaphandle ezahlukene owaziwa: O. Wagner, A. Van De Velde, V. Horta nabanye. Bakhangwa esifisweni sabo ukusebenza futhi engeyona inkimbinkimbi.

Abagqugquzeli isitayela ngokuthi sokuba kubuyekezwe leso zonke izici izakhiwo, ukuyeka ngokuphelele yamasiko obuciko. Architecture e Nouveau aqede isidingo ukungena okwakhiwa izikimu lesinesitfombe-sibuko izingoma. Design kwenziwa ngokukhululekile, ikhumbula nokufaneleka amaqembu ukusatshalaliswa futhi amakamelo ngabanye. Ngakho, olungokomfanekiso futhi nakhululwa ngakuthathu isakhiwo yezakhiwo.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ukugeleza baye basebenzisa zensimbi izakhiwo zikakhonkolo. Ngakho, ukwakha isikhala esithe xaxa futhi nezipani kwakunjalo ikakhulukazi ezimbonini, yasebhange, okudayisa kanye nezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi. Ukukhanyisa izindawo ezinkulu kwenziwe ngosizo Skylights kanye namafasitela amakhulu. Ngo izakhiwo zokuhlala sekuyinto evamile ukuba ngempela bay (ingxenye ophumile lesi sakhiwo) - ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukushanela eziningana, amafasitela sengithole ukucushwa ezahlukene. Nouveau Russian kakhulu kwashintsha ukubukeka kwesakhiwo, wasinikeza a ubuntu.

Isitayela rationalism is ngokucacile ebonakaliswa izakhiwo zomphakathi. isakhiwo ngasinye esikhulu ikakhulukazi ngenxa ebusweni enkulu elicwebezelayo, isakhiwo eziphathekako isakhiwo asekelayo. Architects, abafuna ukudala i okwakhe bangaphandle, ngokuvamile ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile izakhi zokuhlobisa: ebheke phambili, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu yamatshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaklami zobuciko zabo umale ngokuphelele ifomu banal - kunalokho wasebenzisa ethize izakhi isitayela flora. ushintsho Yande ngokungadingekile izifunda evamile, phezu-yimikhuba ukuziphathisa nemininingwane.

Ngokuhamba ukhona, izakhiwo Art Nouveau eRussia lahlukaniswa laba amagatsha amaningana. Omunye amagatsha kwakungaphakathi stylization. It abaklami yayitawenta ku igalelo zabuna.