KumiswaImfundo yesibili nezikole

Russian eziyisisekelo sezulu izici. Uyini izici sezulu Russian?

nesimo sezulu - nemibandela ekwakhekeni ezithile uhlobo sezulu. Lokhu kubangela ezithinta izinga lokushisa komoya, imvula nezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile. Cabangela isimo sezulu eyisisekelo izici Russia - izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni by endaweni.

emisebeni yelanga, i-latitude kanye nezinye nesimo sezulu

I nkanyezi yesimiso sethu - angumtfombo ukushisa eMhlabeni. emisebeni nemisebe amazinga Solar - esinye sezizathu ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakheka sezulu. sphericity Ngenxa iplanethi engela imisebe ukungalingani enkabazwe ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi zindawo polar. Kodwa hhayi kuphela kulesi simo ukuthi yini kuyoba izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sonyaka kwezinye izindawo. Kunezinye izici eziyinhloko zezulu:

  • ukuzungeza emoyeni mass;
  • izindawo latitude;
  • izici impumuzo;
  • umthelela wezilwandle, izilwandle budebuduze nakwamanye amazwekazi.

emisebeni yelanga

Akubona bonke imisebe inkanyezi yethu ifinyelela komhlaba, enenani amandla engenayo kunqunywa indawo endaweni futhi kuncike eziningi ezinye izizathu. Ingxenye ukukhanya (u-20%) lokhu kuvezwa izingqimba engenhla emkhathini. Mayelana 30% kuyinto amafu ehlasela umzimba ka uthuli namanzi amaconsi. Inani isamba emisebeni oqondile futhi wahlakaza ukufinyelela igobolondo kanzima kule planethi. Kuleli fomu zokugcina ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana emisebeni wakwamukela futhi kubonakala.

Ukunciphisa incike ukushisa ethize kanye conductivity ezishisayo we ebusweni ecashile. Water has a high ethize ukushisa umthamo, izilwandle nezilwandle ukuncela 95% ngqo emisebeni yelanga, kancane kancane buthelela ukushisa ehlobo, ebusika inikezwe kancane. snow white, ice ukuncela-15% futhi ibonisa 85% emisebeni leseyifinyelele ebusweni. Ukuze black inhlabathi reflectance - 4%.

nesimo sezulu - izizathu ezihlobene ukuze kwakhiwe isimo sezulu. Nazi izibonelo umphumela ibhalansi emisebeni ye nezinye izimo. Ngakho, ngo- insimu yase Russia njengoba babesuka kwelinye enyakatho kuya eningizimu emisebeni lisitheka kuyehla mayelana 2.7 izikhathi. ESakhalin Island, etholakala oLwandle Okhotsk empumalanga yeRussia, amafu zibonisa 70% elangeni. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka sezulu namandla kunezwi zindawo efanayo ngaphakathi ezwekazini.

ukuzungeza asemkhathini

Izizathu eziyinhloko ukwakheka kanye nokunyakaza lokuhlala enkulu emoyeni - yomhlaba ebusweni Ukushisa engalingani ilanga. Lona omunye izimo esiyinhloko ukusungulwa ezahlukene ingcindezi komoya emhlabeni. Izimpawu emoyeni uquqaba zincike endaweni kumiswa yabo, ukuze ubusa ngaphezu emoyeni izilwandle ulwandle, kuba ezimanzi, ezwekazini - ezomile ezwekazini. Esifushanisiwe incwadi nezimpawu lezi izinhlobo ezimbili - ngokulandelana M K. Lapho eseyinsizwa efundela ezomthetho izici sezulu isiRashiya, uqinisekise ukuthi uchaza izinhlobo ezintathu oyinhloko emoyeni uquqaba - arctic, esipholile futhi ezishisayo. Zingaba zasolwandle kanye nasemazweni. Sebenzisa izifinyezo ezifana: Mav, CAV, MSY, IMC, MTV, KTV.

Izinhlobo linqoba emoyeni uquqaba kunqunywa ezibucayi kwesimo sezulu nezenzakalo izici:

  • umfutho womoya;
  • izinga lokushisa kule ungqimba ebusweni emkhathini;
  • isiqondiso imimoya njalo;
  • obala lomoya;
  • nomswakama.

Air uquqaba bayakwazi uguqule, ukushintsha izakhiwo zabo ezingokwenyama, ihamba phezu kobuso bomhlaba kusukela esifundeni eyodwa kuya kwenye.

latitude kwendawo

Lihlela isilinganiso phakathi kwama engenayo nephumayo solar emisebeni - ibhalansi emisebeni - yezimbangela eziyinhloko zezulu. Kuthinta umbuso ezishisayo kwenhlabathi amakhabethe nokunye ngomuthi umkhathi aphansi. Kusukela ibhalansi emisebeni incike ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, ekuguquleni emoyeni uquqaba ezinkulu, ukuphila komuntu futhi izitshalo. Kodwa uyini eziyinhloko zezulu? Lokhu-latitude - ibanga ukusuka enkabazwe endaweni uphenyo ku surface eMhlabeni.

Ngo-July, igebe eliphakathi ngemishayo ebusweni phansi eNorthern ezishisayo okukhanyisa cishe ngo-90 °. Khona-ke, per unit endaweni amandla, heats namandla ezweni, futhi kuwo - emoyeni. I kude yenkabazwe futhi ezishisayo, the ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.

Ithonya-latitude ku sezulu eRussia

Cabanga ngomphumela main sezulu isici ngesibonelo WaseRussia. Izwe osuka e-Arctic ebandayo elibangise ezisondelene of eCaucasus, ogwini aseBaltic ukuba Chukotka nezilwandle ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean. Climate siyahluka ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu futhi kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. A umoya athokomele, ngokuvamile bahlasele abandayo emoyeni mass kusuka Arctic kuthinte anticyclone laseSiberia ezimanzi emoyeni Atlantic.

ezihlukahlukene Omkhulu, kodwa ku-Russia eyisisekelo sezulu isici ibanga ukusuka enkabazwe. Lapho eya imingcele eseningizimu yezwe kukhulisa inani lo emisebeni yelanga. I eduze kwe-Arctic Circle kanye neNorth Pole, leli ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ngakho, ngo-latitude-ke kuncike ngokuyinhloko eside sezulu izimo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe.

Impumuzo, umphumela amazwekazi nasolwandle - nesimo sezulu

Akunjalo ngempela ukusatshalaliswa izinga lokushisa komoya ngokuqinile ulalela umthetho zonation latitudinal futhi kuncike kuphela emisebeni yelanga. Uma sixhumana imizila emadolobheni Russian nge efanayo amazinga okushisa asehlobo, kulula ukuqaphela ukuthi ngoJulayi isotherms zitholakala ngokuyinhloko ngokulandelana latitude. Kodwa ingxenye European Russia isotherm Januwari 0, -8, -10 ° C amanga kude enyakatho kuka eSiberia. It ithambisa sezulu zensimu kuze kube Urals ithonya Atlantic Ocean nemisinga yayo efudumele.

Meridional uchungechunge Ural ukubambezeleka elise emoyeni ezinomswakama futhi efudumele lisuka e-Atlantic. Ogwini Pacific we isotherm ngoJulayi ingaphansi kwe ngesikhathi zindawo esifanayo kuleli zwe, ngenxa imithelela inkathi yezimvula ehlobo nokudlanga esiqhingini Sakhalin, emisebeni zihlakazeke. Lapho ukwanda ezintabeni izinga lokushisa uwela ngisho ekuyi-latitude efanayo.

ESiberia High (anticyclone laseSiberia)

Angaphakanyiswa phezu kwendawo yakwa Mongolia kusukela November kuya March ubuswa endaweni ephezulu umfutho womoya. Owenza emoyeni uquqaba nge okushisa aphansi kusuka CAV sivela enyakatho. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka isimo sezulu esifundeni cishe asithinti iPacific. Ezintabeni Southern and Eastern eSiberia ukuvimbela esakaza umoya opholile. Umphumela uba ephansi eRussia futhi izinga lokushisa eNyakatho Nenkabazwe ungqimba ebusweni emkhathini (-40 kuya -70 ° C).

Temperature inversions zenzeka lapho umoya abandayo stagnates ku ayimigodi. Khona-ke, cishe 2km ukufudumala ngo-+ 10 ... + 20 ° C kuka ku ayimigodi futhi ngaphezulu. Ukuthola out ukuthi yiziphi izici sezulu sibonile ukuthi kubalulekile hhayi kuphela izimbangela, kodwa futhi inhlanganisela izimo endaweni ethile.

kumiswa sezulu

Maphakathi no enyakatho ingxenye European Russia uwela kwezulu ezingaphezu kuka-latitude efanayo e-Eastern eSiberia. Entshonalanga yezwe livela Atlantic MSY, owandile isishingishane umsebenzi (lokushisa ongaphakeme, ingele, izihlambi). I-Arctic Circle imvula kancane, wazizwa umthelela CAV, umswakama abampofu. ESiberia futhi Urals sezulu yezwekazi lihlukile izifunda European yezwe. Ihlobo kuqhathaniswa efudumele futhi ebusika iDemo - eside, kubanda kakhulu.

Eningizimu, ku Astrakhan esifundeni kakhulu ehlaselwe ezifana nesimo sezulu: latitude yezemvelo kanye nenani ezihambisana we emisebeni yelanga, ukuzungeza ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Ingahle nomthelela kwesimo sezulu nezenzakalo ehlobo KTV iyomisa futhi ishisa kakhulu, ngubani livela eKazakhstan nase-Asia Ephakathi kuphawulwe. Irisidi okufanayo emoyeni uquqaba Lolwandle Olumnyama coast Russia ebambekile okusezingeni eliphezulu izintaba.

izimo ezithile okufanele eKamchatka kwakheka inhlanganisela ulwandle futhi ngqo yezwekazi sezulu hlobo. Isifunda libhekene izinguquko njalo sezulu, imimoya enamandla, imvula enkulu ebusika - ngesimo kweqhwa esindayo.

izikhali zezulu

Wokuqonda yini nesimo sezulu, siye sagxila kakhulu ezintweni ezingokwemvelo nasezintweni imihlola. Kuyadingeka ukuchaza amaqiniso ezifana ukwanda izinga lokushisa komoya yonyaka nasemvuleni okungajwayelekile kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule. Kuyinto umthetho wemvelo, noma umphumela ezenziwe umuntu kwesimo sezulu?

Impendulo ocacile yalo mbuzo kunzima ukunikeza. Hhayi abohle izingxabano mayelana nokuthi isetshenziswa sezulu isikhali, wadala noma nje athuthukile. okuxoxwe Ikakhulukazi asebenzayo ayehla ngesikhathi kakhulu ukushisa wave eRussia ehlobo lika-2010. Amazinga e imaphakathi kwaba 10 ° C ingaphezulu kuka ezingaphansi kwalelo gatsha. Unyaka kwakungu-ezishisayo kusukela ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka. Noma yimuphi omkhulu ehlathini imililo, kwakukhona unentshiseko lokuhlongakala hlangana sabantu.

Climate isikhali - indlela ukulawula isimo sezulu ngezinjongo ezempi. Isitha iyahlupheka ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka yemvelo (isomiso, izikhukhula). On ukudalwa sezulu izikhali e-United States ne-Soviet Union, ososayensi baqala ukusebenza phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule. izenzo enjalo iyangqubuzana UN Convention, okuyinto sivimbela ukusetshenziswa lempi amasu ukuguqulwa kwemvelo. Uhulumeni wase-US ophika ithonya yokufakelwa ku emkhathini ukuze balimaza abanye States, umphakathi kanye nemvelo.

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